英语词汇后缀.docx

英语词汇后缀.docx

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英语词汇后缀

Suffixesaregroupsoflettersattachedtotheendsofroots,words,andwordgroups.Suffixesserveagrammaticalfunction.Asuffixcanindicatewhatpartofspeech（noun,verb,adjective,adverb）thewordbelongsto.Suffixescanalsochangeandextendthemeaning.Thefollowingsuffixesaregroupedbeneaththegrammaticalfunctiontheyperform.

NOUNS

Nounsperformthefunctionofnaming.Nounsnamepersons,placesanimalsorthings,aswellasgroups,ideasandqualities.Inasentence,nounscanbesubjects,objects,orappositives.

INDEX:

ADEFIMNOSUY

A

∙-acy,-cy

oNoun:

stateorquality

▪privacy:

thestateofbeingalone

▪priv+acy

▪infancy:

thestateofbeingababyoryoungchild

▪in+fan+cy

∙-age

oNoun:

activity,orresultofaction

▪courage:

havingthespirittoovercomefear

▪cour+age

∙-al,el,ul

oNoun:

action,resultofaction

▪referral:

theactionofdirectingapersontoanotherplace,personorthing

▪re+ferr+al

∙-an

oNoun:

person

▪artisan:

acraftsperson

▪arti+san

∙-ance,-ence

oNoun:

action,state,qualityorprocess

▪resistance:

theactionofopposingsomething

▪re+sist+ance

▪independence:

thestateofnotbeingunderthecontrolofothers,free,self-governing

▪in+de+pend+ence

∙-ancy,-ency

oNoun:

state,qualityorcapacity

▪vacancy:

anemptyroomorposition

▪vac+ancy

▪agency:

thecapacitytoexertpowerorinfluence,apositionorpersonthatperformsafunction

▪ag+ency

∙-ant,-ent

oNoun:

anagent,somethingthatperformstheaction

▪disinfectant:

anagentthatdestroysgerms,somthingthatcleans

▪dis+in+fect+ant

▪dependent:

athingsupportedbyanother,athingdeterminedbyanother

▪de+pend+ent

∙-ate

oNoun:

state,office,fuction

▪candidate:

apersonnominatedforanofficeorposition

▪candid+ate

∙-ation

oNoun:

action,resultingstate

▪specialization:

theresultofbeingdistinguishedbyonequalityorability

▪spec+ial+iz+ation

D

∙-dom

oNoun:

place,stateofbeing

▪wisdom:

possessingknowledge

▪wis+dom

E

∙-er,-or

oNoun:

personorthingthatdoessomething

▪porter:

apersonwhocarriesthings

▪port+er

▪collector:

apersonwhocollectsorgathersthings

▪col+lect+or

F

∙-ful

oNoun:

anamountorquanitythatfills

▪mouthful:

anamountthatfillsthemouth

▪mouth+ful

I

∙-ian,an

oNoun:

relatedto,onethatis

▪pedestrian:

apersonwhowalks

▪ped+estr+ian

▪human:

aperson

▪hum+an

∙-ia

oNoun:

names,diseases

▪phobia:

anillogicalfearofsomething

▪phob+ia

∙-iatry

oNoun:

artofhealing

▪psychiatry:

branchofmedicinethatdealswiththemindandemotions

▪psych+iatry

∙-ic,ics

oNoun:

relatedtotheartsandsciences

▪arithmetic:

abranchofmaththatusuallydealswithnon-negativenumbers

▪arithm+et+ic

▪economics:

thesocialsciencerelatedtostudyingbusiness

▪eco+nom+ics

∙-ice

oNoun:

act

▪malice:

thedesiretodoevil

▪mal+ice

∙-ing

oNoun:

materialmadefor,activity,resultofanactivity

▪flooring:

amaterialmadeforfloors

▪floor+ing

▪swimming:

theactivityofswimmingormovingthroughwater

▪swim（m）+ing

▪building:

theresultofmakingastructure

▪build+ing

∙-ion

oNoun:

conditionoraction

▪abduction:

theactionofcarryingsomeoneawaybyforce

▪ab+duct+ion

∙-ism

oNoun:

doctrine,belief,actionorconduct

▪formalism:

abeliefinstickingtoprescribedformsorartisticstyles

▪form+al+ism

∙-ist

oNoun:

personormember

▪podiatrist:

afootdoctor

▪pod+iatr+ist

∙-ite

oNoun:

productorpart

▪graphite:

ablackmaterialusedinmakingpencils

▪graph+ite

∙-ity,ty

oNoun:

stateorquality

▪lucidity:

clearthinking

▪luc+id+ity

▪novelty:

somethingneworunusual

▪nov+el+ty

∙-ive

oNoun:

condition

▪native:

apersonborninaspecificplace

▪nat+ive

M

∙-ment

oNoun:

conditionorresult

▪document:

anofficialpaperusuallyshowingprooforevidenceofsomething

▪docu+ment

N

∙-ness

oNoun:

state,condition,quality

▪kindness:

thequalityofbeingkindornice

▪kind+ness

O

∙-or

oNoun:

conditionoractivity

▪valor:

bravery,courage

▪val+or

∙-ory

oNoun:

placefor,servesfor

▪territory:

anareaaroundaplace

▪territ+ory

S

∙-ship

oNoun:

status,condition

▪relationship:

thestateofbeingrelatedorconnectedtosomethingorsomeone

▪re+lat+ion+ship

U

∙-ure

oNoun:

act,condition,process,function

▪exposure:

theconditionofbeingexposedorunprotected

▪pos+ure

Y

∙-y

oNoun:

state,condition,resultofanactivity

▪society:

companionship

▪soci+et+y

▪victory:

theresultofwinningsomething

▪vict+or+y

VERBS

Verbsmakestatementsaboutnouns,askquestions,givecommands,orshowstatesofbeing.Verbscanbeactiveorpassive.Verbsalsoshowtenseortimeofaction.

INDEX:

AEIU

A

∙-ate

oVerb:

causetobe

▪graduate:

togiveadegreeto,topassfromonestagetothenext

▪gradu+ate

E

∙-ed

oVerb:

pasttense

▪attained:

somethingthathasbeenreachedorgrasped

▪at+tain+ed

∙-en

oVerb:

tocausetobecome

▪moisten:

tocausetobecomemoistordamp

▪moist+en

∙-er,-or

oVerb:

action

▪ponder:

tothinkabout

▪pond+er

▪clamor:

tomakenoise,tocallforloudly

▪clam+or

I

∙-ify

oVerb:

cause

▪specify:

tonameorindicateindetail

▪spec+ify

∙-ing

oVerb:

presentparticiple

▪depicting:

showing,describingwithimagesorpictures

▪de+pict+ing

∙-ize

oVerb:

cause

▪fantasize:

todreamaboutsomething,tocreateimagesinthemind

▪fant+as+ize

U

∙-ure

oact

▪Verb:

conjecture:

tocometoaconclusionbysuppositionorguesswork

▪con+ject+ure

ADJECTIVES

Adjectivesdescribeormodifynouns.Adjectivestellthereadermoreaboutthenounusedinthesentence.

INDEX:

AEFILOY

A

∙-able,-ible

oAdjective:

worth,ability

▪solvable:

abletobesolvedorexplained

▪solv+able

▪incredible:

notabletobebelieved,amazing

▪in+cred+ible

∙-al,-ial,-ical

oAdjective:

quality,relation

▪structural:

relatedtothephysicalmakeupofathing

▪struct+ure+al

▪territorial:

relatedtonearbyorlocalareas

▪territ+or+ial

▪categorical:

relatedtoacategory,aboslute

▪cate+gor+ical

∙-ant,-ent,-ient

oAdjective:

kindofagent,indication

▪important:

markedbyworth

▪im+port+ant

▪dependent:

determinedorrelyinguponsomethingelse

▪de+pend+ent

▪convenient:

athand,easytouse

▪con+ven+ient

∙-ar,-ary

oAdjective:

resembling,relatedto

▪spectacular:

relatedtosomethingthatiseye-catchingoramazing

▪spectac+ul+ar

▪unitary:

relatedtounitsorsinglegroupsrepresentingquantities

▪unit+ary

∙-ate

oAdjective:

kindofstate

▪inviolate:

notdisturbed,pure

▪in+viol+ate

E

∙-ed

oAdjective:

havingthequalityof

▪terraced:

havingterracesorsteps

▪terrac+ed

∙-en

oAdjective:

material

▪silken:

madefromsilk,afiberproducedbyworms

▪silk+en

∙-er

oAdjective:

comparative

▪brighter:

morelight

▪bright+er

∙-est

oAdjective:

superlative

▪strongest:

havingthemoststrength

▪strong+est

F

∙-ful

oAdjective:

having,giving,markedby

▪fanciful:

markedbyimagination

▪fanci+ful

I

∙-ic

oAdjective:

quality,relation

▪generic:

relatedtoawholegroup

▪gener+ic

∙-ile

oAdjective:

havingthequalitiesof

▪projectile:

somethingthrownwithanoutsideforce

▪pro+ject+ile

∙-ing

oAdjective:

activity

▪cohering:

theactofstickingtogether

▪co+her+ing

∙-ish

oAdjective:

havingthecharacterof

▪newish:

modern,recent

▪new+ish

∙-ive,-ative,-itive

oAdjective:

havingthequalityof

▪festive:

havingthequalityofafestivalorparty

▪fest+ive

▪cooperative:

beingableorwillingtoworkwithanotherpersonorthing

▪co+oper+ative

▪sensitive:

easilyfelt,responsivetothesenses

▪sens+itive

L

∙-less

oAdjective:

without,missing

▪motiveless:

areasonforsomeonetodosomething

▪mot+ive+less

O

∙-ous,-eous,-ose,-ious

oAdjective:

havingthequalityof,relatingto

▪adventurous:

characterizedbythedesiretoseeknewexperiencesorrisks

▪ad+vent+ur+ous

▪courageous:

characterizedbycourage,brave

▪cour+ag+eous

▪verbose:

havingmorewordsthanneeded

▪verb+ose

▪fractious:

characterizedbybeingdifficultortroublesome

▪fract+ious

Y

∙-y

oAdjective:

markedby,having

▪hungry:

havinghunger,markedbyadesire

▪hungr+y

ADVERBS

Adverbsdescribeverbs,adjectivesandotheradverbs.

INDEX:

FLW

F

∙-fold

oAdverb:

inamannerof,markedby

▪fourfold:

beingfourtimesasgreat

▪four+fold

L

∙-ly

oAdverb:

inthemannerof

▪fluently:

markedbyeaseofmovement,effortlesslysmooth

▪flu+ent+ly

W

∙-ward

oAdverb:

inadirectionormanner

▪homeward:

towardhome

▪home+ward

∙-wise

oAdverb:

inthemannerof,withregardto

▪timewise:

withregardtotime

▪time+wise