高考英语一轮复习讲义 第1部分 必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists.docx
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高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分必修5Unit1Greatscientists
Unit1 Greatscientists
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1.defeatvt.打败;战胜;使受挫n.失败
2.expertadj.熟练的;经验或知识丰富的
n.专家;行家
3.attendvt.照顾;护理;出席;参加
4.absorbvt.吸收;吸引;使专心
5.blamevt.责备;谴责
n.过失;责备
6.linkvt.&n.连接;联系
7.positiveadj.积极的;肯定的;确实的
8.enthusiasticadj.热情的;热心的
9.foreseevt.预见;预知
10.handlen.柄;把手
vt.处理;操纵
11.curen.治愈;痊愈
vt.治愈;治疗
12.suspectvt.认为;怀疑
n.被怀疑者;嫌疑犯
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Absorbed(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.
2.Notknowingwhatwaswrongwithhiscar,Martindecidedtosendforanexperiencedmanto_handle(handle)theproblem.
3.Blamed(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.
4.Ourfootballteamwonthechampionshipbydefeating(defeat)alltheotherteams.
5.Whenlinked(link)tothesubway,thecitywillbeeasytogetaccessto.
6.Suspecting(suspect)thetravelerofcarryingdrugs,theCustomsofficialstoppedhimandlethimopenhissuitcase,butfoundnothingatall.
7.Fewanalystsforesaw(foresee)thatoilpriceswouldrisesoquickly.
8.KnowingthatyoushowgreatinterestinChineseculture,I'dliketoinviteyouto_attend(attend)theexhibitionwithme.
拓展单词
1.challengen.挑战vt.向……挑战→challengingadj.挑战性的
2.cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的→cautionn.小心;警告
3.pollutevt.污染;弄脏→pollutionn.污染
4.instructvt.命令;指示;教导→instructionn.说明;传授→instructions(pl.)用法说明;指示;命令
5.concludevt.&vi.结束;推断出→conclusionn.结论;结束
6.contributevt.&vi.捐献;贡献;捐助→contributionn.贡献
7.rejectvt.拒绝;不接受;抛弃→rejectionn.拒绝;抛弃
8.sciencen.科学→scientificadj.科学的→scientistn.科学家
9.announcevt.宣布;通告→announcementn.通知;宣告→announcern.播音员;宣告者
10.constructvt.建设;修建→constructionn.建设;建筑物
11.responsibleadj.有责任的;负责的→responsibilityn.责任;负责
12.paintv.绘画;涂→paintern.画家;油漆匠→paintingn.油画;水彩画
13.universen.宇宙;世界→universaladj.普遍的;宇宙的→universallyadv.普遍地
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Thedoctorinstructedthepatienttotakemedicinebytheinstructions.(instruct)
2.Theworkersare_constructingthebridgedamagedbytheflood,andthebridgeunderconstructionconnectstheroadwiththetown.(construct)
3.Itwasconcludedthathedidn'ttellusthetruth.Icametotheconclusionthathewaslying.(conclude)
4.Shehas_contributedalotofmoneytotheschoolandshehasmadeagreatcontributiontoeducation.(contribute)
5.Iwanttobeascientisttodiscoverascientificbreakthroughtosavepeople'slives.(science)
6.We'llberesponsibleforyoursafetyandyouneedtotakeresponsibilityforyouractions.(responsible)
7.IwasboredwithmyjobandfeltIneededanewchallenge.LastweekIgotanewjobinabigfirm,andIfounditverychallenging.(challenge)
阅读词汇
1.characteristicn.特征;特性
2.analysevt.分析
3.physiciann.医生;内科医师
4.victimn.受害者
5.enquiryn.询问
6.neighbourhoodn.附近;邻近
7.pumpn.泵;抽水机
vt.(用泵)抽(水)
8.fireworkn.烟火(燃放)
9.chartn.图表
10.backwardadv.&adj.向后地(的);相反地(的);退步地(的)
11.radiumn.镭
12.outbreakn.爆发;发作(尤指疾病或战争)
拓展联想
1.后缀sion构成的抽象名词集锦
①conclusion结论;结束
②confusion混乱
③expression词语;表达方式
④revision修正;复习
⑤permission允许
⑥profession职业;专业
2.“观点;态度”的高频形容词
①positive积极的
②negative消极的
③subjective主观的
④objective客观的
⑤doubtful怀疑的
⑥critical批评的
3.名词用作动词的高频词汇聚焦
①handlen.把手→vt.处理
②nursen.护士→vt.护理
③facen.脸→vt.面对
④bridgen.桥→vt.沟通
⑤drinkn.饮料→vt.喝;饮
⑥biken.自行车→vi.骑自行车
熟词生义
你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗?
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampusoftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.作品;创作
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Oneverysinglemoveyouhavetoanalyzeasituation,processwhatyouropponentisdoingandevaluatethebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.(棋子的)移动;走棋
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.制成物;作品
[短语 多维应用]
高
频
短
语
1.put_forward提出
2.draw_a_conclusion得出结论
3.expose_...to使显露;暴露
4.link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
5.apart_from除……之外;此外
[语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空。
Fromsomecases,we①drew_a_conclusionthatweshouldclosethewindowandlockthedoorintime.②Apart_fromit,wealso③put_forwardseveralsuggestions,oneofwhichwasthatyoushouldnot④exposethisinformation⑤toanyonewhenout.Thesesuggestionswouldcertainlycureusofthebadhabitssothatwecouldpreventsuchcaseshappeningagain.
高
频
短
语
6.be_enthusiastic_about热衷于;对……充满热情
7.make_sense讲得通;有意义
8.(be)_strict_with...对……严格的
9.contribute_to有助于;捐献;导致
10.be_to_blame应受责备
11.look_into调查
[语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填空。
Asanastronomer,I⑥am_enthusiastic_aboutyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Thefollowingreason⑦contributed_tomysuggestion.Thepresenttheorydoesn't⑧make_sense,forwecannotconcludeitthattheearthisthecentreoftheuniverse.SoIsincerelyhopeyoucanpublishyournewtheory.
拓
展
联
想
1.“动词+...+to”短语荟萃
①expose...to使显露;暴露
②add...to增添;增加
③compare...to把……比作
④devote...to把……用于
⑤supply...to为……提供
2.由link...to...联想到的
①connect...with...把……和……连接起来
②tie...to...把……拴到……
③mix...with...把……和……混合起来
④combine...with...把……和……结合起来
⑤attach...to...把……系到/缚到……
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.neither...nor...既不……也不……。
Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.
这种现象既不是很好也不是很差;它就是现实中的大学生活。
Thisphenomenonisneither_good_nor_bad;itisafactofcollegelife.
2.everytime引导时间状语从句。
Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.
每当我听到这首歌,它就使我想起与祖母在一起的幸福时光。
Every_time_I_hear_the_song,itmakesmethinkofthehappydayswhenIwaswithGranny.
3.suggest后跟从句用虚拟语气。
Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)一些同学建议我们去附近的名胜古迹。
Someclassmatessuggestweshould_go_to_places_of_interestnearby.
4.only+状语从句位于句首时主句须倒装。
Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.
只有当你找到内心的安宁的时候,你才会与他人保持良好的关系。
Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwill_you_keep_good_relationshipswithothers.
精讲5个考纲单词
1.concludevt.&vi.推断出;结束;达成
(1)单句语法填空
①Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.
②I'vecometotheconclusion(conclude)thathe'snottherightpersonforthejob.
③Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论:
患难见真情。
①Idrew_the_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences_thatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.(conclusion)
②Iconcluded_from_my_own_experiences_thatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.(conclude)
先理解再牢记
(1)conclude
concludesth.
以……结束……
toconclude最后
(2)cometo/reach/drawaconclusion得出结论
inconclusion总而言之
[佳句背诵] Heconcludedhisspeechwithafamoussaying:
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
2.attendvt.出席;参加;照顾;护理vi.专心;留意
(1)单句语法填空
①WhenIgotthere,hewasattending(attend)aweddingparty.
②Asadaughter,Ifeelitismydutytoattendonmysickmother.
③AsfarasIknow,thepatientsarewellattended(attend)inthehospital.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
因为我有重要的事情要处理,今晚我不能与你一起外出。
①Ican'tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanimportantthingtodeal_with.
②Ican'tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingtoattend_to.
先理解再牢记
(1)attendameeting/alecture/awedding/class参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼/上课
(2)attend(on/upon)sb.伺候某人;照顾某人
attendto处理;倾听;专心于;照顾
[联想发散] “照顾某人”表达荟萃:
attend(on)sb.;lookaftersb.;takecareofsb.;watchoversb.。
3.exposevt.暴露;揭露;使曝光;使面临
(1)单句语法填空
①Somepeoplethinkweshouldn'texposethechildrentoplaying(play)computergames.
②Being_exposed(expose)tostrongsunlightwilldoharmtoyourskin.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)Childrenareexposedtodifficultsituations.Theyarebetterathandlingchallengingsituations.
(高级表达)Exposed_to_difficult_situations,childrenarebetterathandlingchallengingsituations.(分词作状语)
先理解再牢记
(1)expose...to使……接触,使……体验
beexposedto暴露于……;处于……危险中
(2)exposesth.tosb.向某人揭发某事
[名师点津] 及物动词expose后若无宾语,则常常使用它的被动形式;在expose...to...以及beexposedto结构中,to为介词,其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
4.absorbvt.吸收;吸引;使专心;吞并;理解;掌握
(1)写出下列句中absorb的含义
①Mostlittleshopshavebeenabsorbedintobigbusinessesduetotheinfluenceoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.吞并
②Afterabsorbingenoughwater,theplantsgrowwell.吸收
③Ikeepthelessonsimplebecausethestudentscan'tabsorbthatmuch.理解
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)Tomwassoabsorbedinhisworkthatheforgottoinformherofit.
①(高级表达)So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_workthatheforgottoinformherofit.(用so...that...的倒装句)
②(高级表达)Absorbed_in_his_work,Tomforgottoinformherofit.(分词作状语)
先理解再牢记
(1)absorbone'sattention吸引某人的注意
absorb...into...把……吸收进……
(2)absorbedadj.全神贯注的
(be)absorbedin...全神贯注于……
[联想发散] beabsorbedin(doing)sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时,常用其过去分词形式absorbedin...。
类似的结构还有:
①belostin...陷入……;专心致志于……
②becaughtin...被困在……
③beburiedin...埋头于……
④bedevotedto...致力于……;专心于……
⑤beoccupiedin...忙于……
⑥beinvolvedin...专注于……
5.blamevt.责备;谴责;把……归咎于n.过失;责备
(1)单句语法填空
①Sheblamedherhusbandforthefailureoftheirmarriage.
②Sheblamedthefailureoftheirmarriageonherhusband.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
诚实地说,李华应该为这次冲突负责。
①Tobehonest,LiHuais_to_blame_fortheconflict.(blamevi.)
②Honestlyspeaking,LiHuashould_take_the_blame_fortheconflict.(blamen.)
先理解再牢记
(1)blamesb.forsth.因某事而责备某人
blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人身上
betoblame(for...)应承担责任;该受责备
(2)take/beartheblamefor...
=beresponsiblefor...对……负责
[名师点津] betoblame不能用于被动语态,该短语主动语态表被动含义。
诠释2个核心短语
1.putforward提出(建议);推荐;将……提前;将(钟表等)向前拨
(1)写出下列句中putforward的含义
①Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.提出
②Ithinkheisfitfortheposition;therefore,I'llputhimforwardasacandidate.推荐
③Theyhaveputforwardthedateoftheirweddingbyoneweek.
将……提前
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
在会议上他提出了解决这个难题的一个好主意。
①Hecame_up_with_a_good_ideatosolvethedifficultproblematthemeeting.
②Heput_for