GPS全球定位系统中英文资料对照外文翻译.docx
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GPS全球定位系统中英文资料对照外文翻译
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
中英文资料对照外文翻译
SummarizingTheGlobalPositioningSystem
Abstract:
GlobalPositioningSystemisbasedonthebackgroundoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense.Itisdesigned,invested,developed,andoperatedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense,GPSisasatellite-basedpositioningandtimetransferingGPSpositioningfunctionhasawiderangeofapplicationsinthemodernmeasurementandamoremodernbuilding.GPS-RTKtechnologyisalsowidelyusedinmodernizationbuilding,andnowGPShasalsobeenshowntobeanimportantciviliancommunitiesofinterest,andincreasinglywiderangeofapplicated.
Keyword:
GPS,Locating,RTK,Layout,Survey
1.Background
The50s,theformerU.S.S.Rhasnotlaunchedhumanitiesfirstartificialearthsatellite,theAmericanscientistsinalongitstrackresearchin,haddiscoveredtheDopplershiftphenomenon,andhasfacilitatedDopplersatellitenavigationposi-tioningsystemcompletingusingthisprinciple,hasobtainedtheenormoussuccessinthemilitaryandtheciviaspect,wasinanavigationlocalizationhistoryleap,ourcountryoncehasalsointroducedmanyDopplerreceiver,appliedtotheislandassociationmeasured,theEarthexploredandsoontheappliedtotheislandassociationmeasured,theEarthexploredandsoonthedomain.ButbecauseDopplersatelliteorbithighlylow,signal-carrierfrequencylow,thetrackprecisionenhanceswithdifficulty,causesthepointingaccuracylowly,satisfiesthegeodeticsurveyortheprojectsurveyrequest,ismoreimpossibletouseintheastronomyEarthdynamicsresearch.Inordertoenhancethesatellitepositioningtheprecision,USstartedfrom1973toprepareforconstructionglobalpositioningsystemGPS(GlobalPositioningSystem).Afterhasenteredtheplanproof,thesystemteststage,startedin1989tolaunchtheofficialworksatellite,andcompletelycompletedin1994,investmentuse.TheGPSsystemspaceartiallyiscomposedbytwentyonesatellites,evenlydistributesinsixorbit,thegroundlevelis20,000Kilometers,theinclinationoforbitis55,theflatheartrateapproximatelyis0,theweekcontractis12hours,thesatellitetotheearthlaunchingtwowavebandsintelligencesignals,theintelligencesignalfrequencyrespectivelyis1575.442megacyclespersecond(theL2waveband),onthesatellitehasinstalledtheprecisionveryhighatomicclock,guaranteesthefrequencythestability,modulatesinthecarrierhastheexpressionsatellitepositionthebroadcaststarexperience,useintherangefinderC/AcodeandPyard,aswelladothersysteminformation,canintheglobalscope,towillfullymulti-userprovidethehighaccuracy,all-weather,iscontinual,real-timethreedimensionalmeasuresfast,thethreedimensionallocalizationandthetimeservice.
TheGPSsystemcontrolsectionbyislocatedintheAmericanfoundationsofthestates5monitoringstationstobecomposed,thesestanddidnotaskbreaksCarriesontheobservationtoGPSsatellite,andwillcalculateandtheforecastinformationbytheinfusionstandsrenewstothesatelliteinformation.
TheGPSsystemuserisextremelycovert,itisonekindofone-waysystem,theuseronlyreceivesbutdoesnotneedthetransmittingmessage,andthereforeuser'squantityalsoisnotlimited.AlthoughGPSistheunificationstartsis,butveryquantityalsoisnotlimited.AlthoughGPSreceiverandprocessingsoftwareemergeinabundance.AtpresentthereceiverwhichappearsintheChinesemarketmainlyhasROGUE,ASHTECH,TRIMBLE,LEICA,SOKKIA,TOPCONandsoon..Cancarryontheobservationtotwofrequenciesthereceivertobecalledthedoublefrequencyreceiver,onlycancarryontheobservationtoafrequencythereceivertobecometheinference.Saysregardingthemappinguser,GPShascausedtherevolutionarychangeinthemappingdomain,atpresent,inthescopeseveralthousandkilometerscontrolsnetwork,intheprecisionfromhundredtothemillimeterlevellocalization,generallyallGPStookthefirstchoicemethod,isdaybydaymaturealongwiththeRTKtechnology,GPSstartedtodecimeterandevenacentimeterlevellayout,domainseepageandsoonhighaccuracydynamiclocalization.
TheinternationalGPSgeodeticsurveyservedIGSwithEarthdynamicsfrom1992,hasestablishedmanydatastorageandtheprocessingcenterinthewholeworld,yeartoyearobservedastationwithhundred,ourcountryhasalsosetupShanghaiYuShan,Wuhan,Xian,Taiwanandsoonmanyyeartoyearmeasuringplatformsstation,thesestationsobservationdatapassedoneverydaythroughtheinternetnettoUS'Sdatastoragecenter,IGSalsonearlyreal-timesynthesizesvariousdataprocessingcentertheresult,andtheparticipantinternationalearthrotationservedtheIERSglobalcoordinatesreferencesystemmaintenanceandtheearthrotationparameterissue.Theuseralsomayfreeon-lineobtainproductandsoonobservationdataandprecisestarexperiencefrominternet.
TheGPSsystemreal-timenavigationpointingisveryhigh,UShasimplementedtheso-calledSApolicyin1992,namelyreducesthebroadcaststartoundergothestarpositionprecision,reducesthestarclocktochangethepositivenumbertheprecision,addsonthehighfrequencyvibrationtothesatellitedatumfrequency(tocausefalsedistancemeasuringaccuracytoreducewithphase),latterhasimplementedtheA-Spolicy,soonPyardchangeisYyardnamelyfurtherlimitstotheprecisefalsedistancesurvey,butAmericanmilitaryandspecialpermissionusernotthesepolicesinfluences,butUSinordertoobtainthebiggercommercialinterest,thesepolicyendsarecancelled.
2.GPSlocalizationprincipal
TheGPSreceivermayreceiveanduseinthetimeserviceaccuratelytothenanosecondleveltimeinformation;willuseintoforecastthefutureforseveralmonthsthesatellitetolocatethesummarypositionforecaststarexperience;Usesincalculateswhenthelocalizationtoneedthesatellitecoordinatesthebroadcaststarexperience,theprecisionis(eachsatelliteisdifferentseveralmetertoseveraldozensmeters~changesasnecessary);AswellasGPSsysteminformation,likesatelliteconditionandsoon.
TheGPSreceivermayobtainthesatellitesigntothecodetothereceiverdistance,becauseincludesthereceiversatelliteclocktheerrorandtheatmospherepropagatederror,thereforeiscalledthefalsedistance.ThefalsedistanceobtainswhichtotheOAcodeiscalledtheUAcodefalsedistance,theprecisionapproximatelyisabout20meters,obtainsthefalsedistancetoPyardtobecalledPyardfalsedistance,theprecisionapproximatelyisabout2meters.
TheGPSreceivertothesatellitesignalwhichreceives,carriesonthedecodingorusesothertechnologies,willmodulateafterthecarriertheinformationremoves,willbeallowedtorestorethecarrier.Strictsays,thecarrierphaseshouldbecalledthecarrierbeatfrequencyphase,itisreceivesproducestheDopplershiftinfluencesatellitesignalcarrierphaseandreceiverthismachinevibrationdifferenceofthesignalphase.GenerallyexperienceYuantimewhichdeterminedinthereceiverclocksurveyed,maintainstothesatellitesignaltrackunder,mayrecordthephasechangevalue,butstartstimetheobservationreceiverandthesatelliteoscillatorphasechangevalueisdoesnotknow,namelymistydegreeofwholeweek,onlycancalculateinthedataprocessingastheparametersolution.Phaseobservationvalueprecisionhightomillimeter,butthepremiseissolvesmistydegreeofwholeweek,thereforeonlyhaswhentherelativelocalization,andhasasectioncontinuouslyobservesthevaluecanusethephaseobservationvalue,butmustachievemetersdowntothemillimeterlevelalsoonlytobeabletousethephaseobservationvalue.
Accordingtothelocatemode,theGPSlocalizationdividesintothesimplepointlocalizationandtherelativelocalization(differencelocalization).Thesimplepointlocalizationisaccordingtoareceiverobservationdatadeterminedthereceiverpositiontheway,itonlycanusethefalsedistanceviewsurvey,mayuseinChefChuanandsoonthesummarynavigationlocalization.Therelativelocalization(differencelocalization)isaccordingtotwoabovereceiversobservationdatadeterminedbetweentheobservationpointtherelativepositionmethod,italreadymayusethefalsedistanceviewsurveyalsotobepossibletousethephaseviewsurvey,thegeodeticsurveyortheprojectsurveyshouldusethephaseobservationvaluetocarryontherelativelocalization.HascontainedthesatelliteandreceiverZhongChai,theatmosphericdisseminationintheGPSviewsurveyretards,errorandsoonmultiparteffect,whenlocalizationerrortheinfluence,whencarriesontherelativelocalizationthemajorityofpublicerrorsarecounterbalancedorweaken,thereforethepointingaccuracygreatlywillenhance,thedoublefrequencyreceiverwillbeallowedtoactaccordingtotwofrequenciesintheviewsurveycounterbalanceatmospheretheionosphere-patherrormainpart,willrequesthighintheprecision,betweenthereceiverthedistancewi11befartherwhen(atmospherewillhaveobviousdifference),willbesupposedtoselectthedoublefrequencyreceiver.
Whenlocalizationobservation,ifthereceiverisoppositetotheearthssurfacemovement,theniscalledthedynamiclocalization,likeusesinsummarynavigationlocalizationtheandsoonChefChuanprecisionis30-100meterfalsedistancesimplepointlocalization,eitherusesinthecityvehiclesnavigationlocalizationricelevelprecisionfalsedistancedifferencelocalization(RTK),thereal-timedifferencelocalizationneedsthedatachainreal-timetransmitstwoormanystationsobservationdatacalculatestogether