1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题和解析.docx

1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题和解析.docx

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1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题和解析

1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked［A］，［B］，［C］and［D］.ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.（15points）

ThekeytotheindustrializationofspaceistheU.S.spaceshuttle.___1___it,astronautswillacquireaworkhousevehicle___2___offlyingintospaceandreturningmanytimes.___3___byreusablerocketsthatcanliftaloadof65,000pounds,theshuttlewillcarrydevicesforscientificinquiry,as___4___asavarietyofmilitaryhardware.___5___moresignificantly,itwill___6___materialsandmachinesintospaceforindustrialpurposes___7___twodecadesagowhen“sputnik”（artificialsatellite）was___8___tothevocabulary.Inshort,the___9___importanceoftheshuttleliesinits___10___asaneconomictool.

Whatmakesthespaceshuttle___11___isthatittakesofflikearocketbutlandslikeanairplane.___12___,whenithasaccomplishedits___13___,itcanbereadyfor___14___tripinabouttwoweeks.

Thespaceshuttle,theworld’sfirsttruespaceship,isamagnificentstep___15___makingtheimpossiblepossibleforthebenefitandsurvivalofman.

1.［A］In［B］On［C］By［D］With

2.［A］capable［B］suitable

［C］efficient［D］fit

3.［A］Served［B］Powered

［C］Forced［D］Reinforced

4.［A］far［B］well［C］much［D］long

5.［A］Then［B］Or［C］But［D］So

6.［A］supply［B］introduce

［C］deliver［D］transfer

7.［A］unimagined［B］unsettled

［C］uncovered［D］unsolved

8.［A］attributed［B］contributed［C］applied［D］added

9.［A］general［B］essential

［C］prevailing［D］ultimate

10.［A］promise［B］prosperity

［C］popularity［D］priority

11.［A］exceptional［B］strange

［C］unique［D］rare

12.［A］Thus［B］Whereas

［C］Nevertheless［D］Yet

13.［A］venture［B］mission

［C］commissio［D］responsibility

14.［A］new［B］another［C］certain［D］subsequent

15.［A］for［B］by［C］in［D］through

PartⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.（30points）

Passage1

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.（Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.）

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgmentsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

16.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby________.

[A]people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

[B]therhythmofmodernlife

[C]thebehaviorofthedriver

[D]trafficconditions

17.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.”（Para.1）impliesthat___.

[A]oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

[B]rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

[C]thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

[D]nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

18.By“goodsense”,thewritermeans_____.

[A]thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

[B]thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions

[C]thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

[D]thedriver’sacknowledgmentofpolitenessandregulations

19.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,__________.

[A]roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

[B]driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

[C]driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

[D]driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

20.Inthewriter’sopinion,___________.

[A]stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

[B]driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

[C]rudedriversshouldbepunished

[D]driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

Passage2

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth’schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:

inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:

Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots（thatis,therelativelylesshotspots）onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:

itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia（惯性）oftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounte-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.

21.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould_____.

[A]preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

[B]meanawarmingupintheArctic

[C]accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

[D]raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface

22.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain________.

[A]thegreenhouseeffect

[B]thesolareffectsontheearth

[C]themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

[D]thecausesaffectingweather

23.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis___________.

[A]mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

[B]possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

[C]exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

[D]partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

24.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat________.

[A]theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

[B]itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

[C]theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

[D]the