04019##商务英语写作重点.docx

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04019##商务英语写作重点.docx

04019##商务英语写作重点

名词解释

写作目的(writingpurpose)

受众/读者(audience)

构思过程(thoughtprocess)

演绎式组织模式(deductiveorganizationalpatterns)

归纳式组织模式(inductiveorganizationalpatterns)

直接组织模式(directorganizationalpatterns)

间接组织模式(indirectorganizationalpatterns)

写作修改的3个步骤(threedistinctstagesofrevision:

addingon;movingaround;cuttingout)

管理沟通(managerialcommunication)

组织沟通(organizationalcommunication)

人际关系与团队建设(humanrelationshipsandteambuilding)

销售沟通(salescommunication)

商务文件(businessdocumentation)

国际交流(跨文化交际)(internationalcommunication/interculturalcommunication)

表达式写作(expressivewriting)

沟通式写作(communicativewriting)

简洁风格(clarity)

简易风格(theplainstyle)

简明风格(concision)

附件说明信函(coverlettersofrésumé)

3类求职信函(threegeneraltypesofcoverlettersforjobapplications:

theapplicationletter;theprospectingletter;networkingletter)

后续询问信函(follow-upletter)

致谢信函(thank-youletter)

谢绝工作回复(jobrejectionletter)

接受工作回复(jobacceptanceletter)

辞职信函(resignationletter)

告别信函(farewellletter)

常见履历表格式(commonrésuméformats):

按年月顺序(chronologicalrésuméformat)按任职顺序(functionalrésuméformat)复合式(combinationrésuméformat)

简短文件(shortdocument)

信息咨询函(messagetoobtaininformation)

谈判便函(messagesthatnegotiate)

说服沟通便函(persuasivemessages)

商务便函的特征(8C):

清晰性(clarity)正确性(correctness)具体性(concreteness)完整性(completeness)周到性(consideration)礼貌性(courtesy)简洁性(conciseness)一致性(coherence)

商务备忘录版式(formatofabusinessmemo)

商务备忘录功能(functionofabusinessmemo)

信函结构(structureofaletter)

信件和信封格式(stylesofletterandenvelop)

会议纪要(minutes)

逐字记录(verbatimminutes)

决议记录(minutesofresolution)

陈述记录(minutesofnarration)

记录内容版式(minutes’contentformat)

会议议程(meetingagenda)

会议筹划(meetingpreparations)

会议程序(3个环节)(meetingprocess:

planning&preparing,conducting,andfollowing-up)

会议后续工作(follow-upactivities)

后续文案职责(accountabilityoffollow-ups)

书面发言写作策略(writingstrategiesforbusinesspresentation)

书面发言的材料组织(wringorganizationforbusinesspresentation)

书面发言用语(languageusedinapresentation)

书面发言避讳用语(languageavoidedinapresentation)

人际沟通的功能(functionsofinterpersonalcommunication)

人际沟通的目的(purposeofinterpersonalcommunication)

人际沟通的4个阶段(fourgeneralstagesininterpersonalcommunication)

团队的特征(groupcharacteristics)

团队的角色(grouproles)

团队影响力(groupinfluence)

沟通结构(communicationstructures)

企业前景(vision)

企业使命(mission)

企业价值观(corporatevalues)

企业目标(goal)

战略计划(strategies)

政策与流程(policiesandprocedures)

业务流程的构成要素(15个)(contentofprocedures)

业务流程的版式及内容(formatofaprocedure)

商务文件的层次结构(3个)(tiersofdocumentation)

ISO9000质量体系(ISO9000QualitySystem)

议程报告(agenda)

行程安排(itinerary)

费用支出报告(expensereports)

项目进程报告(progressreport)

人事评估报告(personnelevaluation)

第一手资料来源(primarysources)

第二手资料来源(secondarysources)

商务蓝皮书(blueprint)

商务计划书(businessplan)

战略性计划书(strategicplan)

战术性计划书(tacticalplan)

操作性计划书(operationalplan)

操作性管理(operationalcontrol)

战术性管理(tacticalcontrol)

战略性管理(strategiccontrol)

商务背景(businessbackground)

市场计划(marketingplan)

财务预测(financialprojections)

行动计划(actionplans)

商务提案(businessproposal)

内部提案(internalproposal)

外部提案(externalproposal)

招标提案(solicitedproposal)

非招标提案(unsolicitedproposal)

提案写作的简单模式(simpleformforproposalwriting)

提案写作的复杂模式(detailedformforproposalwriting)

外部提案的结构要素(6个)(elementsoftheexternalproposal:

introduction;problemidentifiedanddefined;objective&goalset;solutionsproposed;implementation&measuring;costsandtimeframeestimated)

内部提案模式的内容版式(contentformatofinternalproposal)

征集提案(RequestforProposal,RFP)

征集启示的基本要素(basiccomponentsofaRFP)

提案评估(proposalevaluation)

引证信息(documentinginformation)

解析数据(interpretingdata)

常规商务报告(routinereports)

任务报告(taskreports)

条目清单功能(itemizedlists)

图表辅助功能(graphicaids)

标题的功能(headings)

协议的本质(essenceofadeal)

合同的修订(contractualmodifications)

违约与补偿(breachofcontractandremedy)

律师费用条款(attorneysfeesclause)

合同免责(escapefromcontract)

第三方签字(thirdpartysignature)

合同追加条款(contractrider)

合同授权(authorization)

商务谈判(contractnegotiation)

合同起草(contractdrafting)

合同实施(execution)

合同终止(closeout)

合同(contract)

合同有效性(validityofcontracts)

要约(offer)接受(acceptance)

法定权力(capacity)

Salescontracts买卖合同

Contractsforsupplyofpower,water,gasorheat供应电、水、气、热力合同

Contractsforloanofmoney借款合同

Leasingcontracts租赁合同

Financialleasingcontracts承揽合同

Contractsforconstructionprojects建设工程合同

Carriagecontracts运输合同

Technologycontracts技术合同

Safekeepingcontracts保管合同

Warehousingcontracts仓库合同

Agencyappointmentcontracts委托合同

Trading-trustcontracts行纪合同

Brokeragecontracts居间合同

 

大题

1,8C

1.Clarity:

keepitshort;keepitsimple;avoidambiguity;writeintheactivevoice;avoidorexplaintechnicalwords;avoidusingjargon;gettothepoint;WriteinplainEnglish2.Correctness:

linkyourideas;becarefulaboutplacementofsubordinateclauses;besurethatapronoun,aparticipialphrase,oranappositiverefersclearlytothepropersubject;MakethesubjectandverbagreewithEachOther,NotwithaWordThatComesbetweenThem;Tojointwoindependentclauses,Useacommafollowedbyaconjunction,asemicolonalone,orasemicolonfollowedbyasentencemodifier.;Makearightchoiceofword;Watchoutrepetitivewording;Putparallelideasinparallelconstructions;3.Concreteness:

useconcretewordsinsteadofabstractones;omitqualifiersandvagueexpressions;useactionverbsandconcretenouns;voidoverusingnounformsofverbs;don'tchangeverbsintonouns;avoidunnecessarydoublenegative;avoidnounstrings;takeastand;keepacronymsundercontrol;4.Completeness:

makeitcompletebyconstructingalongerparagraph;usethewho-does-whatorderandavoidpadding;provideaclearmessage;avoidincompletequestion;avoidfragmentinwriting;takeanoverallview;5.Consideration:

writefromthe"you"perspective;emphasizethepositive;handlethecustomer'scomplaintspecifically;interactwiththeaddresseeinaconversationaltone;avoidusinginflatedlanguage;avoidusingquasi-legalisms;usepersonalreference;useconrractions;6.Courtesy:

showrespect;showappreciation;avoidtheproblemofgender;writeprofessionally;7.Conciseness:

eliminate"thefiller";omitrepetitivewording;replacecircumlocutionswithdirectexpressions;useshortwords;avoidusingoldfashionedexpessions;8.Coherence

2,MessagethatNegotiate:

1.counter-proposals:

counterproposalshavetwoobjectives:

first,youwanttoshowthereaderthathisorheroriginalproposalisnotfullyacceptable,and,second,youwanttopersuadethereadertoacceptyourcounterproposals.2.nonnegotiableplexmessages

3.Typesofmeetings:

1.Sharinginformationandmonitoring2.decisionmakingandproblemsolving3.creative/idea-generating4.legislative/administrative5.advisory6.socialandceremonial

4.Minutes’contentformat:

1.mainheading2.timeandvenue3.attendance4.chairperson5.agenda6.subtitles7.recordkeeper/minutestaker

5.Functionsofinterpersonalcommunication:

1)Gainingandgivinginformation2)Buildingacontextofunderstanding3)Establishingidentity4)Interpersonalneeds

6.Thedyadiclifecycle:

theinitialstage;theformativestage;thematurestage;theseverancestage

7.Presentationtypes:

purpose,audienceandmethods

8.Writingstrategiesforbusinesspresentation:

1.Choosingarighttopicwithaclearpurpose2.Adaptingyourmessagestothelisteners3.Usingexplicittransitions4.Usingconcretewordsandvisuals5.Presentingnovelideas6.Makinganalogies7.Quotations8.Story-telling9.Plottingconflict10.Cuttinginhumor11.Keepthematerialingoodtaste12.Allowingforredundancy

9.书面发言注意事项:

1.beginwithatopicsentence2.limitthenumberofmajorpointsyouwanttomaketo3-4.3.recapyourideasormainpoint

Presentationpreparing:

1.writeascript,practiceit,andkeeoitaroundforquick-referenceduringyourtalk;2.setupanoutlineofyourtalk,practicewithit,andbringitforreference;3.setupcuecards,practicewiththem,andusethemduringyourpresentation4.writeafullscriptandreadfromit.

10.商务沟通基础:

Businesscommunicationdrawstringdrawsoninformationderivedformawidevarietyofotherdisciplines,including(butnotlimitedto)linguistics,semantics,rhetoric,psychology,sociology,graphicdesign,management,marketing,economics,andinformationtechnology.

11.Purposeofthewriter:

1,Expressivewriting:

itispersonalandinformal,employedtoencouragecomprehensionandreflectiononthepartofwriter.2,Communicativewriting:

itpresupposesthatthewriteralreadyconsiderableknowledgeandunderstandingofthetopic,andiswritingtoinformortopersuadeareader.

12.附件说明信函的5大基本目标:

Fiveprimarygoalsofgoodresumes;Goodresumesandresumecoverlettersmustbeableto;Cuttheclutter;Catchtheeye;Sellyourskills,Strengthsandsuccess;Directthereaderyourway;Getyoutothenextstep;

14.contentformatofaresumecover:

contentformatofaresumecover:

theresumecovershouldfollowthebasiccontentformatofatypicalbusinessletterandshouldincludethreegeneralissues:

firstparagraph——whyyouarewriting;middleparagraph——whatyouhavetooffer;concludingparagraph——howyouwillfollow;

15.Top10resumetips:

Apageortwotolandyouajoboranleastaninterview;Fundamentalsdoexist;Customizationiscritical;Revealenoughtoexcite;Aresumeis99%ofthetimereadbyastranger;Onceyourbasiccontentisready;Reevaluatechoiceofwords,sentencestructureandlanguage;Spellcheck,;Whenyouarepresentinghardcopiesofyourresume,makesureyouusequalitystationery;Keepcopiesofhecariouscustomizedversionsofyourresume.;

16.Essentialcontentsofresumes:

Goodresumehavingbeentocombinefactwithfantasy.Byfact,itmeansthatdetailsprovidedinresumehavebeenasaccurateaspossible.B

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