最新高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目及答案.docx

最新高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目及答案.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目及答案

最新高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目（及答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Eatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?

Probablynot,accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddatafrom12clinicaltrialsinvolvingabout54,000people.Inaseriesofcontroversialpapers,theresearchersarguethattheincreasedhealthriskstiedtoredmeataresmallanduncertain,andthatcuttingbacklikelywouldn'tbeworthitforpeoplewhoenjoymeat.

   Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice.TheywereswiftlyattackedbyagroupoffamousU.S.scientistswhotooktheunusualstepoftryingtostopthepapersfrombeingpublisheduntiltheircriticismswereaddressed.

   Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutcomes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak,andthatthere'snotmuchcertaintymeatisreallythecause,sinceotherdietandlifestylefactorscouldbeatplay.

   Ifthelatestexampleofhowdivisivenutritionresearchhasbecome,withitsuncertaintiesleavingthedooropenforconflictingadvice.Criticssayfindingsoftenaren'tbackedbystrongevidence.Defenderscounterthatnutritionstudiescanrarelybeconclusivebecauseofthedifficultyofmeasuringtheeffectsofanysinglefood,butthatmethodshaveimproved.

   Basedontheiranalyses,theresearcherssaidpeopledonothavetocutbackforhealthreasons.Buttheynotedthattheirownadviceisweak,andacknowledgedthattheydidn'tconsiderfactorssuchasanimalwelfareandtheenvironment.Indeed,thecasethatmeatproductionisbadforanimalwelfareandtheenvironmentisstrongerthanthecasethatit'sbadforhumanhealth,accordingtoaneditorialthataccompaniesthereport.

   Notallofthereportauthorsagreedwithitsconclusions.Threeofthe14researcherssaidtheysupportreducingredandprocessedmeats.Acoauthorofoneofthereviewsisalsoamongthosewhocalledforapublicationdelay.

   Thosewhopushedtopostponepublicationalsoquestionedwhycertainstudieswereincludedinthereviewswhileotherswereleftout.

   Asforhisowndiet,Dr.GordonGuyatt,amemberoftheinternationalresearchteamthatconductedthereviews,saidhenolongerthinksredorprocessedmeatshavesignificanthealthrisks.Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.

（1）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Tointroduceanewrelationshipbetweenhealthandeatingredmeat.

B.Tourgemorepeopletokeepawayfromeatingredmeatregularly.

C.Topresentanewcontroversialviewonimpactsofeatingredmeat.

D.Tocriticizenutritionstudiesforlackingofconclusiveevidence.

（2）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?

A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.

D.Objective.

（3）Guyatt'savoidingredmeatshastheweakestconnectionwith_______.

A.healthrisks

B.diethabits

C.animalwelfare

D.environmentalprotection

（4）Whatcanwelearnfromtherecentresearch?

A.Redmeatsdon'thavesignificanthealthrisks.

B.Reducingmeatconsumptionwillbeworthit.

C.Thereportauthorshavereachedaconsensus.

D.Consumingredmeatwilldogoodtohealth.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Eatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?

Probablynot,accordingtoresearchers...”可知，吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关，但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢？

根据研究人员研究发现，答案是不一定，引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据“accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddata”，“theresearchersarguethat”，“Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice”，“Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudies”“thelatestexample”，“Basedontheiranalyses”等等，可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章，可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.”但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯，也是为了保护动物福利和环境，没有说是健康风险问题，可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutcomes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak...”这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏肉是健康的，也没有说人们应该多吃。

以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良健康的联系，但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的，可以推断红肉没有明显的健康风险，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   IfAmericanwaterwayshadeverbeenvotedontheyearbook,theBuffaloRivercouldeasilyhavebeennamedUgliest.Itcouldbehardtofindhopethere.Ittookdecadesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.Butactivistcitizens,whocollaboratedwithindustry,government,andenvironmentgroupsnevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.Andbynowthecleaned—upwaterisoneofBuffalo'Sbiggestattractions.

   Bythe1960s,theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer,andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.

   Thewaterway'sfatestartedshiftinginthemid-1960s.StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday,butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho'dchasedowndumpers（垃圾车）hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederation's"WaterConservationistoftheYear"award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:

"Mr.BuffaloRiver."Buttherewasonlysomuchhecoulddo—theriverwasstilldeclaredbiologicallydeadin1969.

   JillSpisiakJedlickaishisgreat-grandniece.Shepicksupwhereheleftoffbydirectingtheriver'sprotectororganization,BuffaloNiagaraWaterkeeper.ProfessorSchneeklothandsevenfriendsfoundedtheorganizationasanall-volunteernonprofitin1989,afterorganizingthefirstrivercleanupthatyear.Todaythegroupemploys27full-timeworkersandhashelpedoverseetheBuffaloRiver's$100millionrestoration.

   Sofar,theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored,butitisstillanongoingissue,assewage（污水）canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontinuesaswell;fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit'sgone.

（1）WhatdidtheBuffaloRiverusetobe?

A. Awaterwayontheyearbook.                         

B. Ariverheavilypolluted.

C. AgreatattractionofBuffalo's.                         D. Aplaceworthfightingfor.

（2）WhywasMr.Spisiaknamed"Mr.BuffaloRiver"?

A. Becausehisfateshiftedinthe1960s.

B. BecausehespotteddumpersontheRiver.

C. Becausehesparednoeffortstoprotecttheriver.

D. Becausetheriverwasdeclaredbiologicallydead.

（3）Howlongdidittakefortherivertorestore?

A. Morethanhalfacentury.      B. Justfourdecades.      C. About30years.      D. Only27years.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthistext?

A. TherestorationoftheBuffaloRiver               

B. StanleySpisiak:

The"Mr.BuffaloRiver"

C. ThefutureoftheBuffaloRiver                       

D. Riverprotection:

Alongwaytogo

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢复。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”nevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.“；第二段中的”Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer，andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.“可知，theBuffaloRiver过去是一条被严重污染的河。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的”StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday，butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho'dchasedowndumpers（垃圾车）hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederation's"WaterConservationistoftheYear"award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:

‘Mr.BuffaloRiver.’"可知，Mr.Spisiak被称为“Mr.BuffaloRiver”是因为他不遗余力地保护这条河。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Ittookdecadesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.”公众对这条河的看法改变花了几十年的时间；第二段中的“Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.”到了20世纪60年代，这条河被认为是五大湖最严重的污染源之一。

；以及最后一段中的“Sofar，theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored，”到目前为止，布法罗河的水质已经恢复”可知，这条河花了多半个世纪才恢复。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段和第二段说明了theBuffaloRiver严重受污染的情况，第三、四段介绍了为改变污染状况所做的努力，以及最后一段中的“Sofar，theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored，butitisstillanongoingissue，assewage（污水）canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontinuesaswell；fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit'sgone.”是其现状。

综上可知，本文讲述的是被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢复。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

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