独立主格结构.docx
《独立主格结构.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《独立主格结构.docx(5页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
独立主格结构
独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。
若不一致,非谓语动词形式须另带主语,从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。
这种结构称为“独立结构”。
非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语,逻辑主语的代词又是主格,故常称为“独立主格”。
独立主格结构由两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,其作用相当于一个状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等情况。
一、功能
1、表示时间
Theteacherbeingill,wehadnoclass.
(比较:
Beingill,theteacherdidn’tcometoschool.)
Herworkfinished,shesatdownforacupoftea.
(比较:
Surroundedbytreesandflowers,theschoollooksmorebeautifulnow,)
2、表示条件
Theweatherbeingfine,wewillgoouting.
Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.
Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.
3、表示伴随情况
Theteachercamein,hiswifefollowinghim.
Hewasveryexcited,tearspouringdown.
4、用作原因状语
Theteacherbeingangry,wecouldn’tsayaword.
5、表示补充说
Manypeopleareontheplayground,someplayingbasketball,somefootballandmanywalking.
二、结构
1、名词/主格代词+过去分词
Theproblemssolved(=Astheproblemsweresolved),thequalityhasbeenimproved.
Herglassesbroken(=Becauseherglasseswerebroken),shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.
2、名词/主格代词+不定式
Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.
Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.
3、名词/主格代词+形容词
Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.
Somanypeopleabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.
4、名词/主格代词+副词
Heputonhissweater,wrongsideout.
Themeetingover,theyallwenthome.
5、名词/主格代词+介词短语
Theboygoestotheclassroom,booksinhand.
Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor.
6、Therebeing+名词(代词)
Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.
Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,Ideclarethemeetingclosed.
7、Itbeing+名词(代词)
ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.
Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.
三、特点
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
4)独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with或without:
1.Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.
2.Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.
3.Thisdone,wewenthome.
4.Themeetingover,everyonetriedtogohomeearlier.
5.Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.
6.Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.
7.Don’tsleepwiththewindowsopen.
8.Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.
9.Shecameinwithabookinherhand.
10.Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.
11.Iwon’tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.
12.Hesattherewithhiseyesclosed.
13.Alltheafternoonheworkedwithoutthedoorlocked.
14.Hewenttobedwithouthisworkfinished.
四、注意事项
1.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词。
如:
Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonleft.
2.不能省略being(havingbeen)的情形:
在下列两种情况下,独立主格结构中的being(或havingbeen)不能省略。
(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。
如:
ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.
(2)在Therebeing+名词的结构中。
如:
Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.
3.在“名词(或代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中,不用形容词性物主代词和冠词修饰。
如:
MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯小姐走进了课室,手里拿着一本书。
比较with的复合结构:
MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinherhand.
五、练习
1、选择题:
1)Notfarfromtheschooltherewasagarden,______ownerseatedinitplayingchesswithhislittlegrandsoneveryafternoon.
A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.that
(2)Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_____translatedintoforeignlanguages.
A.itB.themC.whichD.that
(3)Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_____weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.
A.itB.themC.whichD.that
(4)Hewrotealotofnovels,andmanyof_____weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.
A.itB.themC.whichD.that
(5)ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof______beingforeigners.
A.whichB.themC.whomD.that
(6)ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof______wereforeigners.
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
(7)ThereImetseveralpeople,andtwoof_____wereforeigners.
A.whichB.themC.whomD.that
2、改写:
1)Afterthenewbridgewasbuilt,itisconvenienttotravelfromNingbotoShanghai.
(2)Theydosportsafterschool,someplaybasketball,someplayfootballandsomejustwalk.
(3)Becausethecatwasill,thewholefamilywereworried.
(4)Whenthemeetingwasover,theywentswimming.
(5)Hecamein,andhiswifewasafterhim.
(6)Becausetherewasnobodyonthebus,thedriverdroveabitfaster.
(7)Whenitisholidays,therearemorepassengersonthebus.