论《动物农场》中的陌生化叙述 英语文学专业.docx

论《动物农场》中的陌生化叙述 英语文学专业.docx

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论《动物农场》中的陌生化叙述英语文学专业

二○一三届学生毕业论文（设计）存档编号：

毕业论文（设计）

论文题目论《动物农场》中的陌生化叙述

（英文）OnNarrationsofDe-familiarizationMethodsinAnimalFarm

学院外国语学院

专业英语

姓名

学号200914101513

指导老师

2013年月日

Outline

Thesis:

GeorgeOrwelladoptedShklovskii’sDe-familiarizationmethodtoofferaudienceabrand-newviewpointandafreshaestheticexperienceinappreciatingAnimalFarm.

I.Introduction

A.AliteraryreviewofthestudyonAnimalFarm

B.AbriefintroductionofShklovskii’stheoryofDe-familiarization

II.De-familiarizationNarrationReflectedinTermsofLanguageinAnimalFarm

A.Theuseoffigureofspeech

1.Parallelism

2.Irony

3.Hyperbole

B.Thechoiceofnamesfortheanimals

1.Snowball

2.Boxer

3.Moses

C.Thedictioninthenovel

Ⅲ.De-familiarizationNarrationReflectedinTermsofNarrativeMethodsinAnimalFarm

A.Thenarrativepointofview

B.Thenarrativestructure

1.Thestructureofthestory

2.Theendingofthestory

C.Thesubjectmatterofthestory

Ⅳ.De-familiarizationNarrationReflectedinTermsoftheSettingofEntityObjectsinAnimalFarm

A.Thesettingoftheentityobjects

1.Thefarmhouse

2.Thewindmill

3.Theribbons

V.Conclusion

Abstract

AsoneofGeorgeOrwell’smostinternationallyacknowledgedpoliticalnovels,AnimalFarmhascometodrawattentionoftheChinesereaderssince1978.ThenumberofthetranslationversionshasbeenburgeoningafterChina’sgraduallygettinginvolvedinculturalexchangeswithothercountries.Giventhiscurrentsituation,AnimalFarmisworthintensivestudy.Lookingonthisnovelasaliteraturetext，audiencewillhaveabrand-newviewpointandafreshaestheticexperiencetoappreciatethismasterpiece.AndtheauthoruseDe-familiarizationmethodtoachievethisgoal.ButhowdidGeorgeOrwellapplyDe-familiarizationmethodinAnimalFarmtokeepitsuniquecharacteristicstothelargestdegree?

TheingeniousapplicationsofDe-familiarizationmethodsaremainlyreflectedinthelanguageaspectandnarrativemethods,aswellasthesettingoftheentityobjects.Aboveall,alltheseDe-familiarizationmethodscontributegreatlytothisuniqueandprominentEnglishclassicofalltime.

KeyWords：

AnimalFarmDe-familiarizationlanguagenarrativemethodssettingoftheentityobjects

内容摘要

《动物农场》是国际上公认的乔治·奥威尔最优秀的政治讽喻作品之一。

从1978年改革开放以来，这一艺术经典逐渐为国人所了解和重视。

随着中国与国际上文化交流的日益密切，《动物农场》的中文译本也在国内雨后春笋般的出现。

这一文本的艺术价值值得我们大家重视和学习。

如果将其作为纯文学作品鉴赏，读者会有新鲜的审美体验和独特的文学享受，而这一目的是作者通过运用陌生化理论的手法得以实现的。

但是乔治·奥威尔是如何采用这一手法来将本文独特的文学特点最大程度的展现的呢？

这一理论在本文的叙述重点体现在语言的应用，例如修辞手法，选词特点；以及文章的叙述手法，如叙事结构，叙事角度；以及文中实体物象的隐含形象等方面。

陌生化叙述从理论上高度增加了本文的文学内涵，对于这一永恒经典的文学鉴赏有重要的意义。

关键词：

《动物农场》陌生化语言叙述方法实物的设置

Ⅰ.Introduction

A.AliteraryreviewofthestudyonAnimalFarm

AnimalFarmwasafamousnovelwrittenbythegreatsatiricalrealistwriterGeorgeOrwell.Itwasatriumphofrichcontent,delicateconnotationandtacticconstruction.Naturallyitwontheworldwideprestigeforhim.GeorgeOrwellwasaBritishwriterandjournalist.Markedbyhiscraftilywit,hisworkswerefeaturedbytheprofoundawarenessofsocialinjustice,theintense,revolutionaryoppositiontototalitarianism,apassionforthebeliefindemocraticsocialism.AnimalFarmwasnoexception.ItwasinspiredbyOrwell’sextraordinaryandepicexperience.AftergraduatedfromEton,OrwellwassenttoBurmaasanIndianImperialpolice.Thesceneofthesufferingsofthecolonialpeoplebeingtrampledwithoutmercybytherulingimperialsconstantlytormentedhisconscience.AHanging,BurmeseDays,andShootinganElephantwerecomposedinthisperiod.Resignedin1927,heabandonedhimselftoalifeofdriftandlurkedhimselfintheslumsasavagabondandbeggarinLondonandParisashisredemption.AfterthathecomposedthedocumentaryDownandOutinParisandLondon,andstartedtousehispennameGeorgeOrwell.ThemassacreofhumanitycausedbytheindustrializationrootedincapitalistsocialsystemgreatlydisappointedGeorgeOrwell.Sohebegantoattachhimselfwiththeproletariatsandresortedtosocialismasthesaverofthe“cancer”ofthissociety.In1937,hecomposedTheRoadtoWiganPier.DevotedhimselfheartandsoulintheSpanishCivilWar,OrwellwasreducedtoastateofdespairafterhenarrowlyescapedfromthefactionalismintheSpanishRepublicanParty.Hestartedtoponderontheissueofdefendingthesocialdemocracy,sohewroteAnimalFarmand1984.OneofOrwell'sobjectivesinwritingAnimalFarmwastoportraythe1917’sRussianRevolution,butsurprisinglyhecreatedagovernmentmoreoppressive,totalitarian,anddeadly.ManyofthecharactersandeventsofOrwell'snovelparalleledwiththoseoftheRussianRevolution.Inshort,ManorFarmwasamodelofRussia.OldMajor,Snowball,andNapoleonrepresentedthedominantfiguresoftheRussianRevolution.

Butthisclassicwassocomplicatedthateventhemostprestigiousscholarswerestillstrugglingtoanalyzeandunderstandthisironicfable.ThestudyofAnimalFarmcouldberoughlydividedintofourtypes:

Firstly,manyscholarspaidtheirattentiononthepoliticalnature,forexample:

CraigL.CarranalyzedthepoliticalimplicationsinAnimalFarmtostudyOrwell’sviewontherelationshipbetweenpoliticsandpowerinthebookOrwell,Politics,andPower.RichardOveryrestudiedthehistoryofWWIbasedontheconnotationsinAnimalFarminWhytheAlliesWon.Furthermore,whatmadeGeorgeOrwellwellknowntocommonreaderswasJefferyMeyer’sAReaders’GuidetoGeorgeOrwell.JefferyelaboratelyparalleledthestoryplotwiththerealRussianhistory,soitwaswellacceptedbythecommonreadersthatthiswasabookofmerepolitics.AstoChinesescholars,thethesiswrittenbyZhuKunling,“GeorgeOrwell’sDystopiaandItsConcernsforActualPolitics”,and“ThePoliticalWorldinFiction——AnInterpretationofGeorgeOrwell’sAnimalFarm”writtenbyPanYihecouldalsoillustratethepoliticalsignificanceofthisclassic.TherewasnodoubtthatcurrentpeoplecouldextracthistoricalandrealisticsignificancefromAnimalFarm.Thistextmadebeneficialguidancetotheinternationalcommunistmovementanddevelopmentofsocialism.Secondly,manynimble-mindedscholarspragmaticallystudiedthistextfrommanynovelperspectives.GuoJianhongstudiedfromecologicalvisual,andJiangLiandWanglistudiedfromrevelationsofchildren’guiltpsychology.Thosenovelperspectivesmadethistextconducivetothiseverchangingsociety.Thirdly,becausethevarioustranslationversionsofthisnovelwasworthyofresearching,manycomparativestudieswereinspired.RuanChao’s“AComparativeStudyonThreeChineseVersionsofAnimalFarm”andLiuyumei’s“OntheChineseTranslationsofAnimalFarm:

FromthePerspectiveofLefevere’sManipulationTheory”weretypicalexamples.However,therestillweremanyscholarswhovaluedtheliteraturestatusofthetext.Someofthemmadecomparativestudiesbetweenthistextandothers,like“TheComparativeStudybetweenAnimalFarmandLifeandDeathAreWearingMeOut”byBaodongmei,“TheComparativeStudybetweenAnimalFarmandTheRiceSproutSong”byXieshan.Butsomeothersresearchedthistextfrompureliteratureviewsandstudiedtheliteraturefeaturesliketheblackhumor,andthesymbolismofmajorcharactersinAnimalFarm.ButfewofpeoplepaidattentiontothenarrationsoftheDe-familiarizationmethodsinthistext.SothestudyingofDe-familiarizationmethodsinAnimalFarmcouldbenovelandunique.Thisuniquemethodcouldofferaudienceabrand-newviewpointandafreshaestheticexperienceinappreciatingAnimalFarm.

B.AbriefintroductionofShklovskii’stheoryofDe-familiarization

Whatcouldwritersdotokeeptheoriginalartisticconceptionofthenoveltothelargestextentandkeepaudience’sinterestduringthewritingprocess?

Manytheoreticiansputforwardtheirowntheories.TheDe-familiarizationtheoryadvancedbyShklovskiiin1920swasoneofthem.

De-familiarizationofthatwhichisorhasbecomefamiliarortakenforgranted,henceautomaticallyperceived,isthebasicfunctionofalldevices.Andwithde-familiarizationcomeboththeslowingdownandtheincreaseddifficulty（impeding）oftheprocessofreadingandcomprehendingandanawarenessoftheartisticprocedures（devices）causingthem（Margolin,2005:

227）.

De-familiarizationwasanartistictechniqueofpromptingaudiencetoseecommonobjectsfromanunfamiliarperspectiveinordertoenhanceperceptionofthefamiliar.

AsoneofthecoreconceptionsofRussianformalism,De-familiarizationmeantthatduringtheprocessofliteraturecomposition,writerscouldresorttothisunconventionalmethodforthebetterexpressionoftheirfeelingsandthoughts.Themainobjectiveofthistacticwastotransformtheconventionalintounconventionaltoconstantlykeepaudiences’interestandcuriosity.Itestablishedafreshrelationbetweenlifeandroutineactivities,andthereforeforcedaudiencetoreflectontheunfailingtruthincommonthings（Wei,2000:

67）.

HaroldBloom,anAmericanliterarycriticand SterlingProfessor of Humanities at YaleUniversity,indicatedinhisbookTheEnglishCanonthattherootforalltheclassicswastheirstrangeness.“Strangenesswastheunassimilatedoriginalitywhichprofoundlyincreasedtheaestheticfeelings（Bloom,2005:

204）”.Theso-called“strangeness”createdbyDe-familiarizationwastheprocessofslowingdownthedurationofreadingandcomprehendingbyincreasingthedifficultyofperceiving.

Ⅱ.De-familiarizationNarrationReflectedinTermsofLanguageinAnimalFarm

ThethemeforthestudyofFormalismliedintheliterarinessoftexts,sothelanguageinthetextwasthefoundationofallitsliterariness.Theuseofcertainfigure