第6讲 情态动词.docx
《第6讲 情态动词.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第6讲 情态动词.docx(48页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
![第6讲 情态动词.docx](https://file1.bingdoc.com/fileroot1/2023-5/27/822898ed-a8ed-4585-bcee-aec6377b6b44/822898ed-a8ed-4585-bcee-aec6377b6b441.gif)
第6讲情态动词
情态动词
一.情态动词的基本用法.2
一、情态动词的基本用法
1.can、beableto和could的用法
①can和beableto都表示能力,意思上没多大区别。
但can只有现在和过去时,而beableto则有更多的形式。
但当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常不用could而用was/wereableto来表示。
这时was/wereableto相当于managedto,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。
如:
Canyouusechopsticks?
Thewoundedmanstillwasabletogettothevillageandwassavedintheend.
②can和could
can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。
但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用could,回答时则用can。
如:
Couldyouhelpmecarrythebag?
CanIhelpyou?
习题:
A类:
1.--Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?
--I'dloveto.ButI'mafraidI____.Ihavetoomuchworktodo.(2003)
A.can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.maynot
2.-CanyouspeakJapanese?
-No,I____.
A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.maynot
3.–CouldIborrowyourdictionary?
--Yes,ofcourseyou_______.
A.mightB.willC.canD.should
B类:
4.--Themanintheoffice______beMr.BlackbecausehephonedmefromLondonjustnow.
A.mustn't B.maynot C.can't D.needn't
5.They___dowellintheexam.
A.canbeabletoB.beabletoC.canabletoD.areableto
6.-___Itakethenewspaperaway?
-No,youmustn't.You____readitonlyhere.
A.Must;canB.May;canC.Need;mustD.Must;must
7.MrWang______beinNanjingnow,hewenttoBeijingonlythismorning.
A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t
8.–Whoisthemanoverthere?
IsitMrLi?
--No,it______behim.MrLiismuchtaller.
A.musn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t
9.Acomputer______thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
10.Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
C类:
11.Thispenlookslikemine,yetitisn’t.whose______itbe?
A.mustB.mayC.wouldD.can
答案:
ABCCDBCCABD
2.may/might的用法
①may/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。
如:
-Whyisn’theinclass?
Hemaybesick.(生病的可能性较大)
Hemightbesick.(生病的可能性较小)
②may/might表示“允许”,may用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。
如:
Hesayswemayleave.
Hesaidwemightleave.
③may/might表示建议或请求,但might比may更客气,意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。
—May/MightIuseyourbike?
—Yes,youcan/may.
—No,youmustn’t.
练习:
A类:
1.--______IborrowyourMP3?
--Sure.Hereyouare.(2005)
A.May B.Should C.Must D.Would
2.___Itakethisone?
A.MayB.WillC.AreDo
3.–MayIgotothecinema,Mum?
--Certainly.Butyou______bebackby
11o’clock.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.need
B类:
4.Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.
A.must B.may C.can D.will
5.--MayIputmybikehere?
--No,you______.Youshouldputitoverthere.
A.couldn't B.needn't C.mustn't D.won't
6.-MayItakethisbookout?
-No,you___.
A.can'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.aren't
7.John______gotherewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureaboutit.
A.mustB.canC.willD.may
8.______youbehappy!
A.MightB.MustC.WishD.May
C类:
9._____Iknowyourname?
A.MayB.WillC.ShallD.Must
答案:
AACBCADDA
3.must和haveto的用法
①must表示主观的必须,应该,没有时态变化。
如:
YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.
haveto表示“必须、不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事,
也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。
如:
Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.
②mustn’t表示禁止做某事。
haveto的否定形式表示不必。
haveto可用于多种时态中。
如:
Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.
Youwillhavetocleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.
Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.
③must表示肯定的推测。
如:
Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.
练习:
A类:
1.--Cars,busesandbikes______stopwhenthetrafficlightisred.
A.can B.must C.may D.need
2.–Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?
--Sorry,Ican’t.I_____takecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.
A.canB.mayC.wouldD.haveto
B类:
3.You___goandseeadoctoratoncebecauseyou'regotafever.
A.canB.mustC.dareD.would
4.Eventhetopstudentsinourclasscan'tworkoutthisproblem,soit___beverydifficult.
A.mayB.mustC.canD.need
5.Heisn'tatschool.Ithinkhe___beill.
A.canB.shallC.mustD.hasto
6.Thechildren___playfootballontheroad.
A.can'tB.canC.mustn'tD.must
7.You___belateforschoolagainnexttime.
A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.don'thavetoD.don'tneedto
8.-MustIdomyhomeworkatonce?
-No,you___.
A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot
9.Hisarmisallright.He___goandseethedoctor.
A.hasnottoB.don'thavetoC.haven'ttoD.doesn'thaveto
10.Hehadtogiveuptheplan,___he?
A.didB.didn'tC.doesD.doesn't
11.Theyhadtowalkhere,___they?
A.mustn'tB.didC.didn'tD.hadn't
C类:
12.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.
A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrown
C.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow
答案:
BDBBCCAADBCB
4.should和ought的用法
①should表示建议/劝告/命令,有“应该”之意,oughtto表示义务和责任,比should语气强。
如:
Youshouldwashyourhandsfirst.
Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowedtohappenagain.
Sincesheisnothere,weshould/oughttobeintheclassroom.
②should/oughtto的否定形式表示禁止之意。
如:
Childrenshouldn’tsmoke.
③should可表示陈述意见,推出建议或请求;而oughtto可以表示劝告之意。
如:
Yououghttorespectyourparents.
Hesuggestedthattheyshouldleaveatonce.
④should表感情色彩,常用以why,how开头的疑问句中。
如:
Whyshouldn’tyouinvitehim?
⑤should表示“万一”“如果”。
如:
Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,doletmeknow.
练习:
A类:
1.You_________paymoreattentiontoyourspellingnexttime.
A.wouldB.shouldC.willD.shall
B类:
2.Youaretheirteacher.You_________careofthem.
A.shouldtotakeB.mighttotakeC.oughttotakeD.needtotake
3.M:
________?
T:
I'dloveto,butI'mafraidIhavenotime."
M:
0h,no.You'llsurelycomeover.
T:
It'sveryniceofyou.ButI'msorryIhavetogotoameeting.
A.DoyouhavelunchoutinarestaurantB.ShallIhaveyouwithmeatmybirthday
C.DidyougotoseethefilmD.Haveyouenjoyedyourselfattheparty
4."Yououghttohavecomeheretenminutesago?
"
"Yes,I_________."
A.oughttoB.oughttohaveC.oughtD.haveoughtto
5.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthey_______keepsilentinclassallthetime.
A.oughttonotB.oughtnottoC.oughtnottohaveD.can't
6.Let'stakeawalk,________?
A.willweB.don'tweC.doweD.shallwe
C类:
7.–Thereisalotofsmokecomingoutoftheteachingbuildingthere.
--Really?
It______beafire,mostprobably.
A.canB.oughttoC.mayD.must
8.IdidnotcalltomakemyairlinereservationbutI_________.
A.shouldhaveB,mayhaveC.musthaveD.shallhave
9.You_________meaboutitearlier,butyoudidn't.
A.shouldhavetoldB.wouldhavetoldC.musthavetoldD.shouldtell
10.Jenny______havekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.
A.mustB.shouldC.needD.would
5.will和would的用法
①Will表示意志、意愿,有“愿、要”之意。
Would是Will 的过去式,表示对过去时间的意志、意愿、决心,有“愿、要、偏要”的意思。
如:
Wewillfightonuntilfinalvictoryiswon.
Itoldhimnottogo,buthewouldnotlistentome.
②Will在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意思,有“你…..好吗、你愿…..”;would表示请求或个人的想法、看法,使语气婉转,有“愿,想要”等意思,如:
Willyoujoinourdiscussion?
Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?
Iwouldliketoexpressmythankstoyou.
③表示习惯、经常性、倾向性,有“惯于、总是”等意义。
Would表示过去习惯性的动作,着重动作的重复,有“总是、总会”等意思,有些情况可以和usedtodo互换。
Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某中倾向。
Would表过去习惯时比usedto正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
如:
Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek.
OnSundayshewouldcometoourvillageandworkwithus.
④will在if,when,until等连词引导的表示时间或条件的从句中要用一般时表将来,但在if从句中有时为了表示意愿也可用will,有“愿意”的意思。
Would表示虚拟、假设、条件等,有“要、将要、会、就会”等意思。
如:
Ifyouwillreadthisarticle,youwillrealizeyouarewrong.
Iftheywon’thelpus,wecannotfinishthetaskwithinonemonth.
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.
Itwouldbebettertoadoptthenewmethod.
练习:
A类:
1.I____liketomakeasuggestion.
A)couldB)wouldC)mustD)might
B类:
2.—Writetomewhenyougethome.
——_____.
A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican
3.—Willyoustayforlunch?
—Sorry,______.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.(NMET'99)
A.Imustn'tB.Ican'tC.Ineedn'tD.Iwon't
C类:
4.Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.
A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might
答案:
BCBA
6.shall和should的用法
shall
1. 表示说话者的意图、允许、警告、命令、决心等,用于陈述句的第二、第三人称中,有必须,应,可之意。
如:
Youshallhavethatbooktomorrow.
Heshallbepunishedifheinsistsondoingthat.
2.在问句中表示征求对方意见,主要用于第一、第三人称,有“…..好吗”,“要不要”等意思。
如:
ShallIfetchthehammer?
Shallthosegoodsbesentovertoyouatonce?
Shallwehelpyou?
3. 用在表示意图、要求等的从句中,有“应该”,“要”之意。
如:
Mydemandisthatitshallbedoneintime.
should
1.表示义务、责任、建议或劝告,有“应当、应该”的意思。
如:
Youshouldlearnfromeachother.
Youshouldn’tbesocareless.
Heshouldhavetoldmethenewsearlier.
(should+have+过去分词)表示对过去本该做的事而没有做,其否定形式是对过去本不做的事而做了的固定句型。
2.与why,who,how等词连用,表示意外、惊异等,有“竟会”等意思。
如:
HowshouldIknow?
Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?
3.用于表示建议、命令、决定等的从句中,有“应该、必须”的意思。
如:
Theyoungdoctorproposedthatheshouldtrytheexperimentonhimself.
Itwasdecidedthatweshouldstartacleanupatonce.
4.表示可能性、推测或推论,有“可能、该”等意思。
如:
TheyshouldhavearrivedinBeijingbythistime.
5.用于虚拟语气句子中,有“万一、竟然、就、该”等意思。
如:
Shoulditraintomorrow(或Ifitshouldraintomorrow),themeetingwouldbepostponed.
练习:
B类:
1.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?
—No,you_____.I'vetoldhimalready.(NMET'94)
A.needn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't
2.—Theroomissodirty.______wecleanit?
—Ofcourse.
A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do
3.—Ihearyou'vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.(北京2002春)
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
4.There___beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.【2005年】