旅游英语课件Tourism.docx
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旅游英语课件Tourism
旅游英语课件Tourism
Unit1WhatisTourism?
Unit1WhatisTourism?
Whenwethinkoftourism;wethinkprimarilyofpeoplewhoarevisitingaparticularplaceforsightseeing,visitingfriendsandrelatives,takingavacation,andhavingagoodtime.Theymayspendtheirleisuretimeengaginginvarioussports,sunbathing,talking,singing,takingrides,touring,reading,orsimplyenjoyingtheenvironment.Ifweconsiderthesubjectfurther,wemayincludeinourdefinitionoftourismpeoplewhoareparticipatinginaconvention,abusinessconference,orsomeotherkindofbusinessorprofessionalactivity,aswellasthosewhoaretakingastudytourunderanexpertguideordoingsomekindofscientificresearchorstudy.
Thesevisitorsuseallformsoftransportation,fromhikinginawildernessparktoflyinginajettoanexcitingcity.TransportationcanincludetakingachairliftupaColoradomountainsideorstandingattherailofacruiseshiplookingacrosstheblueCaribbean.Whetherpeopletravelbyoneofthesemeansorbycar,motorcoach,camper,train,taxi,motorbike,orbicycle,theyaretakingatripandthusareengagingintourism.
Anyattempttodefinetourismandtodescribeitsscopefullymustconsiderthevariousgroupsthatparticipateinandareaffectedbythisindustry.Theirperspectivesarevitaltothedevelopmentofacomprehensivedefinition.Fourdifferentperspectivesoftourismcanbeidentified:
1.Thetourist.Thetouristseeksvariouspsychicandphysicalexperiencesandsatisfactions.Thenatureofthesewilllargelydeterminethedestinationschosenandtheactivitiesenjoyed.
2.Thebusinessesprovidingtouristgoodsandservices.Businesspeopleseetourismasanopportunitytomakeaprofitbysupplyingthegoodsandservicesthatthetouristmarketdemands.
3.Thegovernmentofthehostcommunityorarea.Politiciansviewtourismasawealthfactorintheeconomyoftheirjurisdictions.Theirperspectiveisrelatedtotheincomestheircitizenscanearnfromthisbusiness.Politiciansalsoconsidertheforeignexchangereceiptsfrominternationaltourismaswellasthetaxreceiptscollectedfromtouristexpenditures,eitherdirectlyorindirectly.
4.Thehostcommunity.Localpeopleusuallyseetourismasaculturalandemploymentfactor.Ofimportancetotheirgroup,forexample,istheeffectoftheinteractionbetweenlargenumbersofinternationalvisitorsandresidents.Thiseffectmabebeneficialofharmful,orboth.
Thus,tourismmaybedefinedasthesumofthephenomenaandrelationshipsarisingfromtheinteractionoftourists,businesssuppliers,hostgovernments,andhostcommunitiesintheprocessofattractingandhostingthesetouristsandothervisitors.
Tourismisacompositeofactivities,services,andindustriesthatdeliversatravelexperience:
transportation,accommodations,eatinganddrinkingestablishments,shops,entertainment,activityfacilities,andotherhospitalityservicesavailableforindividualsorgroupsthataretravelingawayfromhome.Itencompassesallprovidersofvisitorandvisitor-relatedservices.Tourismistheentireworldindustryoftravel,hotels,transportation,andallothercomponents,includingpromotion,thatservestheneedsandwantsoftravelers.Finally,tourismisthesumtotaloftouristexpenditureswithinthebordersofanationorapoliticalsubdivisionoratransportation-centeredeconomicareaofcontiguousstatesornations.Thiseconomicconceptalsoconsiderstheincomemultiplierofthesetouristexpenditures.
Onehasonlytoconsiderthemultidimensionalaspectsoftourismanditsinteractionswithotheractivitiestounderstandwhyitisdifficulttocomeupwithameaningfuldefinitionthatwillbeuniversallyaccepted.Eachofthemanydefinitionsthathavearisenisaimedatfittingaspecial
1
Unit1WhatisTourism?
situationandsolvinganimmediateproblem,andthelackofuniformdefinitionshashamperedstudyoftourismasdiscipline.Developmentofafielddependson
(1)uniformdefinitions,
(2)description,(3)analysis,(4)predictions,and(5)control.
Moderntourismisadisciplinethathasonlyrecentlyattractedtheattentionofscholarsfrommanyfields.Themajorityofstudieshavebeenconductedforspecialpurposesandhaveusednarrowoperationaldefinitionstosuitparticularneedsofresearchersorgovernmentofficials;thesestudieshavegotencompassedasystemsapproach.Consequently,manydefinitionsof“tourism”and“thetourist”arebasedondistancetraveled,thelengthoftimespent,andthepurposeofthetrip.Thismakesitdifficulttogatherstatisticalinformationthatscholarscanusetodevelopadatabase,describethetourismphenomenon,anddoanalyes.Theproblemisnottrivial.Ithasbeentackledbyanumberofaugustbodiesovertheyears,includingtheLeagueofNations,theunitedNations,theWorldTourismOrganization(WTO),theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD),theNationalTourismResourcesReviewCommission,andtheU.S.Senate?
sNationalTourismPolicyStudy.
WorldTourismOrganization
TheinternationalConferenceofTravelandTourismStatisticsconvenedbytheWorldTourismOrganization(WTO)inOttawa,Canada,in1991reviewed,updated,andexpandedontheworkofearlierinternationalgroups.TheottawaConferencemadesomefundamentalrecommendationsofdefinitionsoftourism,travelersandtourists.TheUnitedNationsStatisticalCommissionadoptedWTO?
recommendationsontourismstatisticsonMarch4,1993.
Tourism
WTOhastakentheconceptoftourismbeyondastereotypicalimageof“holiday-making.”
Theofficiallyaccepteddefinitionis:
Tourismcomprisestheactivitiesofpersonstravelintoandstayinginplacesoutsidetheirusualenvironmentfornotmorethanoneconsecutiveyearforleisure,businessandotherpurposes.”Thetermusualenvi-ronmentisintendedtoexcludetrips
withintheareaofusualresidenceandfrequentandregulartripsbetweenthedomicileandtheworkplaceandothercommunitytripsofaroutinecharacter.
1.Internationaltourism:
a.Inboundtourism:
visitstoacountrybynonresidents.
b.Outboundtourism:
visitsbyresidentsofacountrytoanothercountry.
2.Internaltourism:
visitsbyresidentsofacountrytotheirowncountry.
3.Domestictourism:
internaltourismplusinboundtourism(thetourismmarketofaccommodationfacilitiesandattractionswithinacountry).
4.Nationaltourism:
Internaltourismplusoutboundtourism(theresidenttourismmarketfortravelagentsandairlines).
TravelerTerminologyforInternationalTourism
Underlyingtheforegoingconceptualizationoftourismistheoverallconceptoftraveler,definedas“anypersononatripbetweentwoormorecountriesorbetweentwoormorelocalitieswithinhis/hercountryofusualresidence.”Alltypesoftravelersengagedintourismaredescribed
asvisitors,atermthatconstitutesthebasicconceptoftheentiresystemoftourismstatistics.Visitorsarepersonswhotraveltoacountryotherthantheoneinwhichtheygenerallyresidefora
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Unit1WhatisTourism?
periodnotexceeding12months,whosemainpurposeisotherthantheexerciseofanactivityremuneratedfromwithintheplacevisited.Visitorsaresubdividedintotwocategories:
1.Same-dayvisitors:
visitorswhodonotspendthenightinacollectiveorprivateaccommodationinthecountryvisited:
forexample,acruiseshippassengerspendingfourhoursinaport.
2.Tourists:
Visitorswhostayinthecountryvisitedforatleastonenight:
forexample,avisitoronatwo-weekvacation.
Therearemanypurposesforavisit,notablypleasure,business,andotherpurposes,suchasfamilyreasons,health,andtransit.
Words
chairliftanapparatuswhichcarriespeopleupandsownsteepslopes
inchairsthathangfromamovingwire升降椅;空中缆椅
camperamotorvehiclebigenoughtoliveinwhenonholiday,use.
Havingcookingequipmentandbedsinthebackpart野营
车
motorbikeamotorcycle摩托车
psychicofthemindasopposedtothebody精神上的
jurisdictiontherighttousethepowerofanofficialbody,esp.inorderto
makedecisionsonquestionsoflaw管辖权;司法权,审判
权
compositesomethingmadeupofdifferentpartsormaterials混合物,
合成物
encompasstoincludeorbeconcernedwith(awiderangeofactivities,
subjects,ideas)包含,包括;涉及
subdivisiontheactofdividingsomethingthathasalreadybeendivided,
orthepartsthatresultfromdoingthis再分,细分
contiguous(to,with)touching,next(to);havingasharedborde(正式)
接触着的,接近的;接壤的
multidimensional多维的
hampertocausedifficultyinmovementoractivity阻碍,妨碍;牵制
trivialoflittleworthorimportance琐碎的,没有价值的
augustlitnobleandgrand威严的;高贵的
convenetocall(agroupofpeople,committee)tomeet召集(会议);
召集开会
stereotypicalasinanoverlysimplepictureoropinionofperson,group,or
thing老套的,旧框框的
consecutivefollowinginregularunbrokenorder连续的,连贯的
domicileformalorlawaperson?
shome;theplacewhereaperson
livesorisconsideredtoliveforofficialpurposes[法]户籍,
正式居住地,信处
workplacetheroomrbuildinginwhichworkersperformtheirwork工
作场所;工厂;车间
inboundAmEincoming;inwardbound进来的
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Unit1WhatisTourism?
outboundmowingswayfromthespeakerorthestartingpoint外出的,
离开出发点
underlietobeahiddenmeaningorcauseof位于„„之下;成
为„„基础
foregoing(theone)thathasbeenmentioned前面的(事物),刚提到
的(事物)
conceptualizationsomethingthatformaconceptorconceptsof概念化
remuneratetoreward;pay(someone)forworkortrouble(正式)给„„
报酬;补偿
transitthegoingormovingofpeopleorgoodsfromoneplaceto
another通行;过境
AdditionalReading
TextAMassTourism
TheHistoricalSetting
TourismharksbacktotheconquestofAlexandertheGrea