高考专题高考英语 专题复习 阅读理解日常生活类10篇 三含答案.docx

高考专题高考英语 专题复习 阅读理解日常生活类10篇 三含答案.docx

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高考专题高考英语专题复习阅读理解日常生活类10篇三含答案

2020年高考英语专题复习阅读理解-日常生活类（10篇）三

A

It’sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.Theypay$5foracaramelbruléelattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.

It’sundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions（性情）,butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare,assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem,byobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.Ifweknewourownminds,whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior?

Ifourmindswereanopenbook,wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actually,weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.

Moreover,wedon’tjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter—weinfercharactersthatweren’ttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus,whichwefailtorecognize.Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidn’t.Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.

Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake,peoplebecomewhattheydo,thoughitmaynotbeincompliance（符合）withtheirtruedesires.Therefore,weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegut’sadvice:

“Wearewhatwepretendtobe,sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe.”

（1）Accordingtothepassage,personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto　　　.

A.determineone’sbehavior

B.reflectone’staste

C.influenceone’ssurroundings

D.resultfromone’shabits

（2）WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith?

A.Thereturnofawalletcanindicateone’shonesty.

B.Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold.

C.Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment.

D.Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee.

（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage?

A.Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions.

B.Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures.

C.Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires.

D.Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships.

（4）Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?

A.Personalitiesandattitudes.

B.Preferencesandhabits.

C.Behaviorandpersonalities.

D.Attitudesandpreferences.

B

ChoosingtheRightResolution（决定）

MillionsofAmericansbegan2014withthesameresolutiontheystarted2013with,agoaloflosingweight.However,settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.

Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput,weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput（输入）.Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,tryanactionableresolution:

“I’llstophavingdessertforlunch,”or“I’llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.

Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives（激励）,includingineducation,hasbeendiscussed.Forexample,researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases,hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput,likereadingcertainbooks,whileinothers,theincentiveswerebasedonoutput,likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectwhenbasedonoutput.Fryer’sconclusionwasthattheincentivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausestudentsdonotknowhowtodobetteronanexam,asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder.”Readingcertainbooks,ontheotherhand,isawell-settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.

Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal,youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit’seasiertostartagainifyoufail,becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.

Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending,agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafe,forexample.Thisisawell-specifiedaction-basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn’tagoalbecauseit’stoogeneral.Similarly,ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,don’tstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkaboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto,likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.

Inthelongrun,thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.

（1）Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause　　　.

A.itishardtoachieveformostAmericans

B.itisfocusedtoomuchontheresult

C.itisdependentontoomanythings

D.itisbasedonactionabledecisions

（2）InRolandFryer’sresearch,somestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause　　　.

A.theyobeyedallthegeneralrules

B.theypaidmoreattentiontoexams

C.theyweremotivatedbytheirclassmates

D.theywererewardedforreadingsomebooks

（3）Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoal?

A.“I’llgiveupdessert.”

B.“I’llstudyharder.”

C.“I’llcutdownmyexpenses.”

D.“I’llspendmoretimewithmyfamily.”

（4）Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould　　　.

A.developgoodhabitsandfocusontheoutcome

B.beoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothem

C.pickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabits

D.setambitiousgoalsthatcanbalancetheinputandoutput

C

Howisitthatsiblings（兄弟姐妹）canturnoutsodifferently?

Oneansweristhatinfacteachsiblinggrowsupinadifferentfamily.Thefirstbornis,forawhile,anonlychild,andthereforehasacompletelydifferentexperienceoftheparentsthanthosebornlater.Thenextchildis,forawhile,theyoungest,untilthesituationischangedbyanewarrival.Themotherandfatherthemselvesarechangingandgrowinguptoo.Onesiblingmightliveinastableandclosefamilyinthefirstfewyears;anothermightberaisedinafamilycrisis,withadisappointedmotheroranangryfather.

Siblingcompetitionwasidentifiedasanimportantshapingforceasearlyasin1918.Butmorerecently,researchershavefoundmanywaysinwhichbrothersandsistersarealastingforceineachothers’lives.Dr.AnnetteHendersonsaysfirstbornchildrenpickupvocabularymorequicklythantheirsiblings.Thereasonforthismightbethatthelaterchildrenaren’tgettingthesameone-on-onetimewithparents.Butthatdoesn’tmeanthattheyoungerchildrenhaveproblemswithlanguagedevelopment.Later-bornsdon’tenjoythatmuchtalkingtimewithparents,butinsteadtheyharvestlessonsfrombiggerbrothersandsisters,learningentirephrasesandgettinganunderstandingofsocialconceptssuchasthedifferencebetween“I”and“me”.

ACambridgeUniversitystudyof140childrenfoundthatsiblingscreatedarichworldofplaythathelpedthemgrowsocially.Love-haterelationshipswerecommonamongthechildren.Eventhosesiblingswhofoughtthemosthadjustasmuchpositivecommunicationastheothersiblingpairs.

Onewaychildrenseekmoreattentionfromparentsisbymakingthemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblings,particularlyiftheyarecloseinage.Researchershavefoundthatthefirsttwochildreninafamilyaretypicallymoredifferentfromeachotherthanthesecondandthird.Girlswithbrothersshowtheirdifferencestoamaximumdegreebybeingmorefemininethangirlswithsisters.A2003researchpaperstudiedadolescentsfrom185familiesovertwoyears,findingthatthosewhochangedtomakethemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblingsweresuccessfulinincreasingtheamountofwarmththeygainedfromtheirparents.

（1）Theunderlinedpart“inadifferentfamily”（inPara.1）means“　　　”.

A.inadifferentfamilyenvironment

B.inadifferentfamilytradition

C.indifferentfamilycrises

D.indifferentfamilies

（2）Intermsoflanguagedevelopment,later-borns　　　.

A.gettheirparents’individualguidance

B.learnalotfromtheireldersiblings

C.experiencealotofdifficulties

D.pickupwordsmorequickly

（3）Whatwasfoundaboutfightsamongsiblings?

A.Siblingshatedfightingandlovedplaying.

B.Siblingsinsomefamiliesfoughtfrequently.

C.Siblingfightsledtobadsiblingrelationships.

D.Siblingslearnedtogetontogetherfromfights.

（4）Theword“feminine”（inPara.4）means“　　　”.

A.havingqualitiesofparents

B.havingqualitiesofwomen

C.havingdefensivequalities

D.havingextraordinaryqualities

D

Formostcitypeople,theelevatorisanunremarkablemachinethatinspiresnoneoftheenthusiasmorinterestthatAmericansaffordtrains,jets,andevenbicycles.Dr.ChristopherWilkisamemberofasmallgroupofelevatorexpertswhoconsiderthisamisunderstanding.Withouttheelevator,theypointout,therecouldbenodowntownskyscrapersortallbuildings,andcitylifeasweknowitwouldbeimpossible.Inthatsense,theyargue,theelevator’sroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.Infact,accordingtoWilk,thecarandtheelevatorhavebeenlockedina“secretwar”foroveracentury,withcarsmakingitpossibleforpeopletospreadhorizontally（水平地）,andelevatorspushingthemtowardlifeinclosegroupsoftoweringvertical（垂直的）columns.

Ifwetendtoignorethesignificanceofelevators,itmightbebecauseridinginthemtendstobesuchabrief,boring,andevenawkwardexperience—onethatcaninvolveunexpectedlymeetingpeoplewithwhomwehavenothingincommon,andanunpleasantawarenessofthefactthatwe’rehangingfromacableinalongpassage.

Inanewbook,Lifted,GermanjournalistandculturalstudiesprofessorAndreasBernarddirectedallhisattentiontothisexperience,studyingtheor