完整版电气与信息学院自动化专业毕业设计论文外文翻译电子.docx

完整版电气与信息学院自动化专业毕业设计论文外文翻译电子.docx

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完整版电气与信息学院自动化专业毕业设计论文外文翻译电子

电气与信息学院自动化专业毕业设计（论文）外文翻译

ElectonicpowersteeringsystemResearchandDesign

电子动力转向系统的研究与设计

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Electronicpowersteeringsystem

Whatitis

Electricallypoweredsteeringusesanelectricmotortodriveeitherthepowersteeringisthereforeindependentofenginespeed,resultinginsignificantenergysavings.

Howitworks:

Conventionalpowersteeringsystemsuseanengineaccessorybelttodrivethepump,providingpressurizedfluidthatoperatesapistoninthepowersteeringgearoractuatortoassistthedriver.

Inelectro-byanelectricmotor.Pumpspeedisregulatedbyanelectriccontrollertovarypumppressureandflow,providingsteeringeffortstailoredfordifferentdrivingsituations.Thepumpcanberunatlowspeedorshutofftoprovideenergysavingsduringstraightaheaddriving（whichismostofthetimeinmostworldmarkets）.

Directelectricsteeringusesanelectricmotorattachedtothesteeringrackviaagearmechanism（nopumporfluid）.Avarietyofmotortypesandgeardrivesispossible.Amicroprocessorcontrolssteeringdynamicsanddrivereffort.Inputsincludevehiclespeedandsteering,wheeltorque,angularpositionandturningrate.

WorkingInDetail:

A"steeringsensor"islocatedontheinputshaftwhereitentersthegearboxone:

a"torquesensor"thatconvertssteeringtorqueinputanditsdirectionintovoltagesignals,anda"rotationsensor"thatconvertstherotationspeedanddirectionintovoltagesignals.An"interface"circuitthatsharesthesamesensorintosignalsthecontrolelectronicscanprocess.

Inputsfromthesteeringsensoraredigestedbyamicroprocessorcontrolunitthatalsomonitorsinputfromthevehicle'sspeedsensor.Thesensorinputsarethencomparedtodeterminethecontrolunit'smemory.Thecontrolunitthensendsouttheappropriatecommandtothe"powerunit"whichthensuppliestheelectricmotorwithcurrent.Themotorpushestheracktotherightorleftdependingonwhichwaythevoltageflows（reversingthecurrentreversesthedirectionthemotorspins）.Increasingthecurrenttothemotorincreasestheamountofpowerassist.

Thesystemwhichleftorrightpowerassistisprovidedinresponsetoinputfromthesteeringtorqueandrotationsensor'sinputs;a"return"controlmodewhichisusedtoassiststeeringreturnaftercompletingaturn;anda"damper"controlmodethatchangeswithvehiclespeedtoimproveroadfeelanddampenkickback.

Ifthesteeringwheelisturnedandthefull-lockpositionandsteeringassistreachesamaximum,thecontrolunitreducescurrenttotheelectricmotortopreventanoverloadsituationthatmightdamagethemotor.Thecontrolunitisalsodesignedtoprotectthemotoragainstvoltagesurgesfromafaultyalternatororchargingproblem.

Theelectronicsteeringcontrolunitiscapableofself-diagnosingfaultsbymonitoringthesystem'sinputsandoutputs,andthedrivingcurrentoftheelectricmotor.Ifaproblemoccurs,thecontrolunitturnsthesystemoffbyactuatingafail-saferelayinthepowerunit.Thiseliminatesallpowerassist,causingthesystemtorevertbacktomanualsteering.AdashEPSwarninglightisalsoilluminatedtoalertthedriver.Todiagnosetheproblem,atechnicianjumpstheterminalsontheservicecheckconnectorandreadsoutthetroublecodes.

click,fuelsavingsandpackageflexibility,atnocostpenalty.

Europe'sashorttime,electricsteeringwillmakeittotheU.S.,too."It'sjustjustamatteroftime,"saysAlyBadawy,directorofresearchanddevelopmentforDelphiSaginawSteeringSystemsinSaginaw,Mich."Theissuewascostandthat'sbehindusnow.By2002theU.S.thecostofelectricpowersteeringwillabsolutelybeawashoverforelectricsteering.Butby2010,aTRWInc.internalstudyestimatesthatoneoutofeverythreecarsproducedintheworldwillbeequippedwithsomeformofelectrically-assistedsteering.TheCleveland-basedsupplierclaimsitsnewsteeringsystemscouldimprovefueleconomybyupto2mpg,whileenhancingberunoffalaptopcomputer."Theycantakethatcomputerandplugitin,attachittothecontrollerandchangeallthethefly,"Badawysays."Itusedtotakemonths."Delphiin'99.Electricsteeringunitsarenormallyplacedinoneofthreepositions:

column-drive,pinion-driveandrack-drive.Whichsystemwillbecomethenormisstillunclear.Shortterm,OEMswillchoosethesteeringsystemthatiseasiesttointegrateintoanexistingplatform.Obviously,greaterpotentialcomesfromdesigningthesystemintoanall-newplatform."We,"saysDr.HermanStrecker,groupvicepresidentofsteeringsystemsdivisionatZFinSchwaebischGmuend,Germany."It'suptothemarketandOEMswhichversionfinallywillbeusedandmanufactured.""ThelargemanufacturersSterlingHeights,Mich.Hiscompanyoffersaportfolioofelectricsteeringsystems（-,andcolumn-drive）.TRWoriginallyconcentratedonwhatitstillbelievesisthepurestengineeringsolutionforelectricsteering--therack-drivesystem.Thesystemissometimesrefertoasdirectdriveorballnutdrive.Still,thiswinterTRWinexchangeforitselectriccolumn-drivesteeringtechnologyandassets.InitialproductionofthecolumnandpiniondriveelectricsteeringsystemsisexpectedtobegininBirmingham,England,in2000.

"Whatwelackisthecredibilityinthesteeringmarket,"saysBrendanConner,managingdirector,TRWLucasVarityElectricSteeringLtd."ThecombinationwithTRWprovidesuswithagoodopportunityforustobridgethatgap."LucasVaritycurrently11differentvehicletypes,mostlyEuropean.TRWiscurrentlysupplyingitsEASsystemsforFordandChryslerEVsinNorthAmericaandforGM'snewOpelAstra.

In1995,accordingtoDelphi,traditional7596ofallvehiclessoldglobally.That37-millionvehiclepoolconsumesabout10milliongallonsinrelatestoanelectricallypowereddrivemechamsmforprovidingpoweredassistancetoavehiclesteeringmechanism.Accordingtooneaspectofthepresentinvention,thereisprovidedanelectricallypowereddrivenmechanismforprovidingpoweredassistancetoavehiclesteeringmechanismelectricallypowereddrivemotordrivinglyconnectedtotherotatablememberandacontrollerwhichisarrangedtocontrolthespeedanddirectionofrotationofthedrivemotorinresponsetosignalsreceivedfromthetorquesensor,thetorquesensorincludingasensorshaftadaptedforconnectiontotherotatablemembertoformanextensionthereofsothattorqueistransmittedthroughsaidsensorshaftwhentherotatablememberismanuallyrotatedandastraingaugemountedonthesensorshaftforproducingasignalindicativeoftheamountoftorquebeingtransmittedthroughsaidshaft.Preferablythesensorshaftisnon-rotatablymountedatoneaxialendinafirstcouplingmemberandisnon-rotatablymountedatitsoppositeaxialendinasecondcouplingmember,thefirstandsecondcouplingmembersbeinginter-engagedtopermitlimitedrotationtherebetweensothattorqueunderapredeterminedlimitistransmittedbythesensorshaftonlyandsothattorqueabovesaidpredeterminedlimitistransmittedthroughthefirstandsecondcouplingmembers.Thefirstandsecondcouplingmembersarepreferablyarrangedtoactasabridgefordrivinglyconnectingfirstandsecondportionsoftherotatingmembertooneanother.Preferablythesensorshaftisofgenerallyrectangularcross-sectionthroughoutthemajorityofitslength.PreferablythestraingaugeincludesoneormoreSAWresonatorssecuredtothesensorshaft.Preferablythemotorisdrivinglyconnectedtotherotatablememberviaaclutch.Preferablythemotorincludesagearboxandisconcentricallyarrangedrelativetotherotatablemember.Variousaspectsofthepresentinventionwillwhich:

Figure1isadiagrammaticviewofavehiclesteeringmechanismincludinganelectricallypowereddrivemechanismaccordingtothepresentinvention,Figure2isaflowdiagramillustratinginteractionbetweenvariouscomponentsofthedrivemechanismshowninFigure1,Figure3isanaxialsectionthroughthedrivemechanismshowninFigure1,Figure4isasectionalviewtakenalonglinesIV-IVinFigure3,Figure5isamoredetailedexplodedviewoftheinputdrivescouplingshowninFigure3,andFigure6isamoredetailedexplodedviewoftheclutchshowinginFigure3.ReferringinitiallytoFigure1,thereisshownavehiclesteeringmechanism10drivinglyconnectedtoapairofsteerableroadwheelsThesteeringmechanism10shownincludesarackandpinionassembly14connectedtotheroadwheels12viajoints15.Thepinion（notshown）ofassembly14isrotatablydrivenbyamanuallyrotatablememberintheformofasteeringcolumn18whichismanuallyrotatedbyasteeringwheel19.Thesteeringcolumn18includesanelectricpowereddrivemechanism30whichincludesanelectricdrivemotor（notshowninFigure1）fordrivingthepinioninresponsetotorqueloadingsinthesteeringcolumn18inordertoprovidepowerassistancefortheoperativewhenrotatingthesteeringwheel19.AsschematicallyillustratedinFigure2,theelectricpowereddrivemechanismincludesatorquesensor20whichmeasuresthetorqueappliedbythesteeringcolumn18whendrivingthepinionandsuppliesasignaltoacontroller40.Thecontroller40isconnectedtoadrivemotor50andcontrolstheelectriccurrentsuppliedtothemotor50tocontroltheamountoftorquegeneratedbythemotor50andthedirectionofitsrotation.Themotor50isdrivinglyconnectedtothesteeringcolumn18preferablyviaagearbox60,preferablyanepicyclicgearbox,andaclutch70.