托福听力经典加试.docx

托福听力经典加试.docx

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托福听力经典加试

鸟类迁徙Birdmigration

　　Studenthavingdifficultiesinwritingtermpaper

　　原文：

　　Conversation：

termpaperofbirdmigration

　　ListentoaconversationbetweenastudentandhisBiologyprofessor.

　　S:

Dr.Russell,IwashopingtodiscussmytermpaperwithyouI'mgettingalittlebitstuckhere.

　　P:

Ofcourse,so...whatdoyouhavesofar?

What'syourtopic?

　　S:

Well,Iwantedtowriteaboutbirdmigration,butI'mhavingtroublefindingenoughsources.

　　P:

You'rehavingtroublefindingsourcesonbirdmigration

　　S:

No,actually,ontheparticularaspectofbirdmigrationthatIwanttowriteabout.

　　Thethingis,Iwantedtowritespecificallyonearlytheoriesofbirdmigration...describesomeofthetheories.LikehowAristotlethoughtthatbirdschangedintodifferentspeciesduringthewinter.Orhowothernaturaliststhoughtthatbiggerbirdscarriedsmallerbirdstowarmerspotsforthewintertime.ButI'veonlygotacoupleofbookstoworkwithrightnow.

　　P:

Hm...Ihavetoadmitthatit'saninterestingtopic,andyoucertainlyseemexcitedbyit.ButrememberItoldyoualltoaskyourselveshowyourtopicisgoingtohelpyoushowthatyoucanapplywhatyou'velearnedthissemester.AsummaryordescriptionisnotreallywhatI'mlookingforasmuchasyouranalysisofacertaintopic.

　　S:

Iguessit'snotreallywhatwe'resupposedtodo,huh

　　P:

Right.So,howaboutwethinkaboutsomeotherideasforyourpaper.Imeanyoudon'tneedtodiscardtheideacompletely...but...takeareallydifferentfocus.Um...forexample...youcouldpresentwhatyouthinkaresomereasons-therationale-behindsomeoftheerroneoustheoriesearlynaturalistshad.But,you'llbesupportingyourviewswithcurrentresearch;thosearethesourcesyou'llneedtoseekout.

　　S:

Ok,IthinkIseewhatyou'resaying.So,liketoday...todayweknowthatlotsofsmallbirdsmigrateatnight,butmaybe`causepeopledidn'tseethem-didn'tseethesmallbirdsmigrating-theyonlysawbiggerbirds,likegeesemigratingduringtheday.Theythoughtthatthebigbirdswerecarryingthesmallonesundertheirwings.

　　P:

Thereyougo!

That'sexactlywhatImean.You'reshowingthatyou'rethinkingaboutthetopic,notjusttellingmewhatyouread.

　　S:

Ok,IalsohaveareallycoolexampleofamigratorybirdthatI'dliketodiscussinmypaper.It'stheCommonPoorwill—ImeanitseemsthatsomeOrnithologistsbelievethattheCommonPoorwillreallydoeshibernateinsteadofmigrating-thatit'smaybetheonlybirdthatdoes.

　　P:

IfIwereyou,Iwouldstickjustwithmigrationresearch.Remember,thisisonlya15-pagepaper.

　　S:

Ok,Iseeyourpoint.

　　P:

Butit'sgreatthatyou'refindingthisallsointeresting.Iwantyoutocomebacktoseemeinaweeksowecantakealookatthenewdirectioninyourpaperandevaluatethesourcesyou'vefoundinthemeantime.

　　题目：

　　问题一：

Whydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessor?

　　答案：

（C）hecannotfindenoughmaterialinwritinghispaper.

　　问题二：

Howdoestheprofessorhelpthestudent?

　　答案：

（A）建议学生改变论文方向。

　　问题三：

Whatinformationwillthemanprobablyincludeinhispaper（choosetwoanswers）

　　答案：

（B）analysis（D）focusononetopic

　　问题四：

Whydoesthestudent提到birdsmigrateatnight?

　　答案：

（A）通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图heunderstandswhattheteachersaid.

　　问题五：

Listenagaintopartoftheconversation.Thenanswerthequestion.

　　S:

Well,Iwantedtowriteaboutbirdmigration,butI'mhavingtroublefindingenoughsources.

　　P:

You'rehavingtroublefindingsourcesonbirdmigration

　　Whatdoestheprofessorimplywhenshesaysthis:

"You'rehavingtroublefindingsourcesonbirdmigration..."

　　答案：

（B）教授认为找资料很容易

大王花Rafflesia

　　原文：

　　ListentopartofalectureinaBotanyclass

　　We'vebeentalkingaboutplantclassificationsandhowspeciesbelongtoafamilyandfamiliesbelongtoanorder,butsometimes,figuringouthowweassigncertainplantspeciestoaparticularorderischallenging,eveniftheplanthas...unusualcharacteristics.You'dthinkthatplantswithsimilarcharacteristicswouldbelongtothesameorder,butthat'snotalwaystrue.Agoodexampleofthisisaflower,thatis—afloweringplant—thatgrowsonlyinMalaysiaandIndonesia,calledRafflesia.

　　Asyoucansee,Rafflesiaisaprettyunusualplant.Forstarters,it'shuge.Theflowercangrowuptoameterinwidthandcanweighuptosevenkilos—prettybig,huhTherearen'tanyotherspecimensintheplantworldthathaveflowersevenclosetothissize.Butthat'snottheonlyunusualcharacteristicofRafflesia,infact,that'sprobablyoneoftheleaststrangefeaturesoftheplant.

　　Theplantalsoemitsaterriblestench,likerottingmeat.Butagain,thereareotherplantswithbadsmellingflowers.AndinthecaseofRafflesia,fliesareattractedtothatsmell,andthat'showtheflowersgetpollinated.So...um...Rafflesia'sflowersarehugeandsmelly.Rafflesiaisalsoaparasite;itgetsitsenergyfromanotherplantinsteadoffromthesun,whichisunusual,butnotunheardofintheplantkingdom.Itactuallygrowsinsideitshost,whichisatypeofgrapevine.Imean...itgrowsinsideitshostuntilitblooms—itdoesn'tbloominsidethehost.Butthatleadsmeto...Iwanttotellyoureallyquicklyaboutanotherplant,aplantthat'salsofromtheforestsofSoutheastAsia,calledMitrastema.

　　Now,Mitrastemaisalsoaparasite,whichledsometobelievethatRafflesiawasrelatedtoMitrastema—thattheybelongtothesameorder.MitrastemaasIsaidisaparasite,butitsflowersaremuchsmaller,anddon'tsmellbad,soyoucanseewhytherewasdebateaboutwhethertheywererelated.Butasitturnsout,Mitrastemaisactuallyrelatedtoblueberries.So,evenplantsthatshareanunusualcharacteristicwithRafflesiaarenotrelatedtoit.And,um...noplantsharesallthreeofitsunusualcharacteristics,andthatmadeclassifyingRafflesiavery,verydifficult."

　　Now,you'reprobablythinking,whydon'ttheyjustanalyzetheDNAoftheplantWell,asIsaid,Rafflesiaisaparasite.Itlackstheleaves;thegreentissuethatmostplantsneedforphotosynthesis.It'sunableto...um...tocapturethesunlightmostotherplantsusetomakefood.So,it'slacking...it...it...itdoesn'thavetheDNA—thegenes—forphotosynthesis,whichiswhatweusuallyusetoclassifyplantspecies.ButsomeresearchersinMichiganpersisted,andanalyzedabout90speciesofseedplantsandcomparedthemtoRafflesia,andwefinallyhadananswer.RafflesiawaspartoftheMalpighialesorder.

　　Now,otherspeciesintheMalpighialesorderincludeviolets...um...poinsettias...uh...passion–flowers...whatelseWillows.SoitwasprettyunexpectedbecauseflowerslikevioletsarealotsmallerthanRafflesia,rightAndtheydon'tsmellbad—theydon'tsmelllikerottingmeat...andthey'renotparasitic.Ittookalmost200yearstoclassifyRafflesia,toidentifyitsrelatives,andIdon'tthinkanyonewouldhaveeverguessedthatit'sintheorderMalpighiales.Imean...youknow-it'dbenicetobeabletoclassifyspeciesbasedontheirobviouscharacteristics,but,itdidn'tworkthatwaywithRafflesia.AndunfortunatelyforRafflesia,andforthefieldofbotany,itseemsthatRafflesiamaybedyingout.It'scertainlyendangeredbecauseofdeforestationinitshabitat.Andtomakemattersworse,Rafflesiadoesn'treproduceverywell.Firstofall,only10-20%ofbudsturnintofull-fledgedflowers,anditcantakethemayeartogrow.Therearealsomaleflowersandfemaleflowers,andoneofeachhastobeinthesamearea—thesamevicinity—atthesametime,toproduceseeds,andthefliesthatareattractedtotheflower'sstrongsmellhavetocarrypollenfromoneflowertotheother,sohowoftendoyouthinktheseeventsoccuralltogetherEvenpeoplewhostudytheplantforyearsmayneverwitnessit.

　　题目:

　　问题一：

主旨题

　　Whatisthelecturemainlyabout

　　正确答案：

（C）植物的分类困难。

　　问题二：

细节题

　　HowdoesastrongodorhelpRafflesia

　　正确答案：

（D）吸引flies过来，帮助它授粉。

　　问题三：

细节题

　　WhydoestheprofessorconsidertheactualclassificationofRafflesiaunexpected

　　正确答案：

（A）这些植物的特征和大王花不同。

　　问题四：

细节题

　　WhatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutthereproductionofRafflesia

　　正确答案：

（B）很少见。

　　问题五：

重听题

　　Listentopartofthelectureagainandthenanswerthequestion.

　　Itactuallygrowsinsideitshost,whichisatypeofgrapevine.Imean...itgrowsinsideitshostuntilitblooms-itdoesn'tbloominsidethehost.

　　Whatdoestheprofessorsaythis:

　　"...Imean...itgrowsinsideitshostuntilitblooms-itdoesn'tbloominsidethehost...."

　　正确答案：

（B）解释清楚，避免学生被误导。

　　问题六：

重听题

　　Listentopartofthelectureagainandthenanswerthequestion.

　　Butasitturnsout,Mitrastemaisactuallyrelatedtoblueberries.So,evenplantsthatshareanunusualcharacteristicwithRafflesiaarenotrelatedtoit.And,um...noplantsharesallthreeofitsunusualcharacteristics,andthatmadeclassifyingRafflesiavery,verydifficult.

　　Whatdoestheprofessorimplywhenshesaysthis:

　　"Butasitturnsout,MitrastemaButasitturnsout,Mitrastemaisactuallyrelatedtoblueberries."

　　正确答案：

（C）Rafflesia和Mitrastema隶属不同目。

　　原文：

RagtimeMusic

　　Nowlistentopartofalectureinamusichistoryclass.

　　P:

Oftentimeswetalkaboutthepopularityofmusic,butwedon'talwaysthinkabouttherolethattheinstrumentsplayintheirpopularity.TogiveyouanideaofwhatImean,justtakeRagtimemusicforinstance.Withoutthepiano,Ragtimemusiccertainlywouldn'thaveevolvedinthelate1800'sthewaythatitdid.Imean...characteristicslikethekeys,andthechords,madethepianosuitableforplayingtheseparatepartsofthemusic:

themelodies,rhythms,harmonies,