届高三英语二轮复习 专题能力提升练十八 阅读理解2 含答案.docx

届高三英语二轮复习 专题能力提升练十八 阅读理解2 含答案.docx

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届高三英语二轮复习专题能力提升练十八阅读理解2含答案

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专题能力提升练十八

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Robotsarecommonintoday’sworld.Theymanufacturecars,workinspace,exploreoceans,cleanupoilspillsandinvestigatedangerousenvironments.Andnow,scientistsattheUniversityofManchesterareusingarobotasalaboratorypartner.

Theresearchersattheuniversitycreatedtherobotin2009andnameditAdam.Despitethename,Adamisnotahumanoidrobot.Itisaboutthesizeofacar.

Adamwasbuilttodoscienceandmakediscoveries.RossKingistheleaderoftheUniversityofManchesterresearchteam.Hesaystherobotmadeadiscoveryaboutyeast（酵母）,akindoffungususedinscienceasamodelforhumancells.

“Adamhypothesizedcertainfunctionsofgeneswithinyeastandexperimentallytestedthesehypothesizesandconfirmedthem.Soitbothhypothesizedandconfirmednewscientificknowledge.”

Adam’ssuccessasascientistledtothecreationofanotherrobotscientistnamedEve.ResearchersdevelopedEvetodesignandtestdrugsfortropicalandneglecteddiseases.Thesediseaseskillandinfectmillionsofpeopleeachyear.

Drugdevelopmentisslowandcostly.Expertssayitcantakemorethan10yearsandabout$1billiontodiscoveranddevelopnewmedicines.Drugmanufacturersareunlikelytogettheirinvestmentmoneyback.

SotheUniversityofManchesterdevelopedalow-costtestthatshowswhetherornotachemicalislikelytobemadeintoaneffectivemedicine.MrKingsaysthatotherdrugtestingmethodswerenotveryeffective.

“Howitworksconventionallyisyouuserobotics（机器人技术）aswellandyouhavealargecollectionofpossibledrugs.Youtesteverysinglecompound（复合物）.Andyoustartatthebeginningofyourlibraryandcontinueuntiltheend,andstop.Soit’snotaveryintelligentprocess.Theroboticsdoesn’tlearnanythingasitgoesalong,evenifit’stestedamillioncompounds,itstilldoesn’thaveanyexpectationofwhatwillhappennextwhenittestsanewcompound.”

MrKingsaysthatEveisdifferentbecausetherobotlearnsasittestsdifferentcompounds.Hesaystherobotisdesignedtoignorecompoundsthatitthinksunlikelytobegood.Itwillonlytestthecompoundswhichhaveagoodchanceofworking.

Evehasdiscoveredthatacompoundknowntobeeffectiveagainstcancermightalsobeusedtofightagainstmalariaandothertropicaldiseases.

MrKingsayshehopestocompletelyautomatethedrugtestingprocesswithrobotslikeEvetocreateandtestnewchemicals.Buthesayshumansremainincontrolofthemanufacturingprocess.

【文章大意】本文主要介绍的是机器人能帮助科学家们测试药物,研发药物.

1.AdamcandoallthefollowingEXCEPT______.

A.makingdiscoveries　　　B.workinginspace

C.helpingresearchersD.doingscientificresearch

【解析】选B.细节判断题.根据第三段的内容可知,没有太空工作.

2.Theunderlinedword“hypothesized”probablymeans______.

A.learnedB.guessed

C.discoveredD.created

【解析】选B.词义猜测题.根据上下文可知,这句话的意思是:

亚当假设基因在酵母中拥有某些功能并验证了这些假设.hypothesized在这里是“假设,猜测”的意思.

【误区警示】本题可能会误选其他选项,主要原因是未能根据上下文准确理解这句话的含义,做此类题根据其本义再结合语境来进行推断是解题的关键.

3.Thedevelopmentofnewdrugsisslowbecause______.

a.ittakeslongtotestnewdrugs.

b.ittakeslongtoproducenewdrugs.

c.newdrugsarelesseffective.

d.ittakeslongtoprofitfromnewdrugs.

e.conventionaltestingmethodsdon’tworkwell.

A.abc　　　B.bcd　　　C.cde　　　D.ade

【解析】选D.细节理解题.根据Expertssayitcantakemorethan10yearsandabout$1billiontodiscoveranddevelopnewmedicines.Drugmanufacturersareunlikelytogettheirinvestmentmoneyback.可知答案为D.

4.Evehasanadvantageof______.

A.testingamillioncompoundatatime

B.controllingthemanufacturingprocess

C.expectingwhatwillhappenwhiletestingdrugs

D.makingscientificresearch

【解析】选C.推理判断题.根据倒数第四段最后两句以及倒数第三段MrKingsaysthatEveisdifferentbecausetherobotlearnsasittestsdifferentcompounds...可知Eve不同于一般的机器人,它能边实验边学到一些东西,并能判断出药物中值得实验的有效成分.

5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.RobotScientistHelpsDesignNewDrugs

B.Adam—theSmartRobot

C.NewMethodstoTestDrugs

D.ScientistsDevelopHumanoidRobots

【解析】选A.主旨大意题.本文主要介绍的是机器人能帮助科学家们测试药物,研发药物.故选A.

（2015·宁波二模）

Askanyonewhatisthemostdifficultpartofchangingtheirlifestylehabitsandtheyaremostlikelytosay,“Stayingmotivated”.Buta36-year-oldprofessorfromCarnegieMellonUniversityclaimsitmayhavetheanswerintheformofrobotweightlosscoachthatdishesoutdailyhealthadviceandencouragement.

AutomistheworkofIntuitiveAutomata,acompanybasedinShaTinwhichclaimstobeapioneerincommercialsocially-interactiverobots.

Therobot,whichstandsaround38centimeterstall,hasaheadthatswivels（旋转）,blueeyes,andatouchscreenwhichallowstheusertoinputinformationdailyaboutexerciseanddiet.ItscreatorssayAutomwillhaveadailyconversationwithitsuserlastinguptofiveminutes,givingfeedbackandencouragement.Overtime,itwillinteractmorewiththeuserasitgathersmoreinformationabouthim.

CoryKidd,aresearchteammanagerwiththeFederalEmergencyManagementAgencyclaimsresearchhasshownthatpeoplefindrobotsamorereliablesourceofinformationthanon-screen-basedcharacter.

InacontrolledstudyinPittsburghCityCouncil,15dietersweregivenAutomforsixweeks.Another15receivedatouch-screencomputerwithidenticalsoftwareand15weregivenapaperlog.Thestudyfound,peopleusingtherobotaremorelikelytostickwiththeirdietslonger,infacttwiceaslongasthoseusingjustapaperlog.

“Whilenotonepersonamongthecomputerorpapergroupscontinuedpastsixweeks,mostwhohadAutomdidnotwanttogiveherbackattheconclusionofthestudy,”hesaid.

Thebottomlineisthatarobotcreatesamorepowerfulandlong-lastingrelationshipwiththeuserthanacharacteronthescreen.

AutomisexpectedtogoonsalelaterthisyearintheUnitedStatesforaround$500.ArobotwhichspeaksandunderstandsCantoneseandMandarininadditiontoEnglishaccordingtothedemandsisalsobeingdeveloped.

【文章大意】本文主要讲述的是一种新型机器人可以帮助人们坚持某种习惯,并提升人们的动力.

6.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ThedevelopmentofAutom

B.Theautomatedwaytomotivation

C.Theworkingprincipleofrobots

D.Thewaytochangethelifestylehabits

【解析】选B.主旨大意题.本文讲述一种机器人可以帮助人们坚持某种习惯,提升人们的动力,故选B项.

7.Whatcanweknowaboutthecontrolledstudy?

A.ThestudywasledbyCoryKidd.

B.Thesubjectsweredividedbytwo.

C.EverypersonwithAutomcontinuedpastsixweeks.

D.PeopleusingAutomgainedmorebenefitsthanotherpeople.

【解析】选D.推理判断题.根据第五段Thestudyfound,peopleusingtherobotaremorelikelytostickwiththeirdietslonger,infacttwiceaslongasthoseusingjustapaperlog.可知,研究发现用机器人的人更有可能长时间坚持节食,时长是用纸质日志的人的两倍,故选D.

8.WhichistrueaboutAutomaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thepriceofthisrobotisveryhigh.

B.Itcancommunicatewithpeoplefreely.

C.Automcanactasacoachtohelploseweight.

D.TheserobotscalledAutomhavebeenusedwidely.

【解析】选C.细节理解题.根据第一段可知,这个36岁的教授声称这个机器人能当减肥教练,并提供日常健康方面的建议和鼓励.

9.WhichinstitutionisresponsibleforthedevelopmentofAutom?

A.IntuitiveAutomata.

B.PittsburghCityCouncil.

C.CarnegieMellonUniversity.

D.FederalEmergencyManagementAgency.

【解析】选A.推理判断题.根据第二段AutomistheworkofIntuitiveAutomata可知,这种机器人是IntuitiveAutomata的产品.

10.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Therobotcanhelppeoplechangetheirlifestylehabits.

B.Therobotcan’tspeakEnglishexceptCantoneseandMandarin.

C.Therobotthatcanspeakmanylanguageshasbeenpopularwiththeusers.

D.Therobotthatcanspeakmanylanguagesmeetsthedemandofthecustomers.

【解析】选A.推理判断题.根据第一段内容可推知答案应选A.

　　Youhavesignedonformonthsofhardwork.You’refarfromhome.Thepayisbad.Thefoodisworse.Youfindrarecomfortinthesimplesongsthatyouandyourworkmatessing.

Thisiswhatasailor’slifewaslikeinthe1800s.Thesongssungaboardshipswerecalledseashanties.Youhaveprobablyheardashantyortwoyourself.Manyofthesesongshavelastedthroughtheyears.Theycanoftenbefoundinsurprisingplacestoday.

SeaShantiesThen...

Seashantieswerevaluablefriendstosailors.Someshanties,suchas“BlowtheManDown”,hadlivelywordsandmelodies.Theybrokeuptheboredomoflongtrips.Othershanties,includingonecalled“Oh,Shenandoah”,hadasaddertone.Theyhelpedseafarersexpresslongingandloneliness.Stillothershanties,suchas“LeaveHer,Johnny”,letsailorscomplainabouttheirhardlives.

Butthefirstjoboftheseashantywastohelpthemenworkasateam.Shipshadsailsthatwerecontrolledbyasystemofmovingropes.Formanyjobs,allofthesailorshadtopullontheropesatonce.

Whenfacedwithsuchajob,theshantyman,orsongleader,beganatune.Thecrewjoinedinonthechorus,anditmighthavesoundedlikeaplayfulsing-along.Butwhenthesailorscametoacertainbeat,theyknewitwasthesignaltopulltogetherwithalltheirmight.

Raisingorloweringtheanchorcalledforarhythmwithaslow,steadymotion.Then,theshantymanwouldchooseashantywithaslow,steadybeattomatchthejob.Eachdutyonthesailingshiphaditsownrhythmanditsownkindofsong.

...andSeaShantiesNow

Seashantieshavebeenpasseddowntousinmuchthesamewayasfolkstories.Longago,someonecameupwithamemorableideaandmelody.Othersrepeatedtheshanty,oftenaddingchangesalongtheway.

Overtime,peoplesawtheseashantyforthetreasureitwas.Likeanytreasure,shantieswerecollected.Manywerewrittendowninbooks.

Wheredotheoldshantiesappearnow?

Today’smusicalartistslovethefun,beauty,andhistoryo