新题型训练概要写作考情分析及真题训练.docx
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新题型训练概要写作考情分析及真题训练
概要写作:
考情分析及真题训练
一、考纲摘录
概要写作:
满分25分。
提供一篇350词左右的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容:
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性;
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
二、考情表解
短文特点
卷别
长度
体裁
主题
类型
2019.6
369
议论文
父母如何恰当表扬孩子。
概要
2018.11
358
说明文
在申请大学前,最好亲自提前了解大学相关信息。
概要
考试说明
样卷
398
议论文
在历史发展过程中,人们对于灰尘的看法在不断地发生变化。
概要
3、命题揭秘
概要写作
要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要,写出文章的中心大意。
所提供短文词数在350左右;所选材料体裁没有限制,以议论文、说明文为主。
1.简洁性:
即用尽量少的语言对较长原文的简洁重述;
2.自主性:
即用自己的话语进行概写,避免对原文进行抄袭照搬;
3.理解性:
即表现作者对原文本的精准理解。
需要注意的是,考生不能对原文进行解释和评论,也不能掺杂任何个人想法,或做出任何评判,因此不能出现“Ibelieve”,“Ithink”等字句;
4.忠实性:
即概写内容和中心思想必须忠于原文主旨,不可偏离主题、肆意篡改;
5.连贯性:
概要写作并非简单罗列要点,各个要点之间要有恰当衔接,使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。
写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
4、评分标准
(1)评分原则
1.本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。
2.评分时,先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。
3.词数少于40的和多于80的,从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时,应主要从以下四个方面考虑:
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性;
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6.如书写较差以致影响交际,可将分数降低一个档次。
(2)各档次的给分范围和要求
档次
描述
第五档
(21—25)
—理解准确,涵盖全部要点。
—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
—完全使用自己的语言。
第四档
(16—20)
—理解准确,涵盖绝大部分要点。
—使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误,但完全不影响意义表达。
—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
—有个别整句抄自原文。
第三档
(11—15)
—理解较为准确,涵盖大部分要点。
—所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些错误,但不影响意义表达。
—应用简单的语句间连接成分,使上下文内容连贯。
—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
第二档
(6—10)
—理解有误差,仅涵盖半数要点。
—有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误,影响了意义的表达。
—较少使用语句间的连接成分,全文内容缺少连贯性。
—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
第一档
(1—5)
—没有理解原文,造成概要内容与原文主题不符。
—有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误,严重影响了意义的表达。
—缺乏语句间的连接成分,全文内容不连贯。
—多个句子抄自原文。
0
白卷、内容太少无法判断或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
5、真题及样题
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2019年6月浙江卷)
Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.
Still,don’tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.
Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?
Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:
LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”
Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.
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Onepossibleversion:
Praisingcanbuildupchildren’sconfident,whiletoomuchpraisemayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.(要点1)Besides,lesspraisealsodoesharmtokids’development.(要点2)Togainthebestresult,ourpraiseshouldbesincereandfocusontheprocessinsteadoftheendproduct.(要点3)Inaword,praiseshouldbeinlinewithfactsandmatchthechildren’sefforts.(要点4)
(2018年11月浙江卷)
It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.
There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!
Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.
Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顾问),anditwon’tcostyouapenny!
YoucanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairatCollegeWeekL.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.
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Onepossibleversion:
Itisawisechoiceforyoutopayavisittoyourdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapplying.(要点1)Inordertoavoidbeingregretful,youshouldatleastvisitthecollegeyoudecidedtoattendinadvance.(要点2)Forstudentswhoareshortofmoneyandtime,itwillbehelpfultosearchtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLivewhereyoucangetthenecessaryinformation.(要点3)
(实验省份考试说明样题)
Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.
Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.
Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好处)ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18century.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:
clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?
Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionisgainingsomeground.
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Onepossibleversion1:
Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.(要点1)Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.(要点2)However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatw