虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式.docx
《虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式.docx(55页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式
高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况:
①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
I:
最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1.虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be一般用were),主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
Ifplaceswerealike,therewouldbelittleneedforgeographers.如果各个地方都一样,就不需要地理学家了。
2.虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。
Ifhehadknownyouraddressyesterday,hewouldhavetelephonedyou.
3.虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。
If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用wereto/should+动词原形,主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday
4.省略if采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,而将had,should,were等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。
Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldhavegotthroughtheexams.==>Hadheworkedharder,hewouldhavegotthroughtheexams.Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.==>Werehetoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.IfIwereinyourplace,Iwouldn’tdothat.==>WereIinyourplace,Iwouldn’tdothat.
5.有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来,而是用介词短语(otherwise,or,without,butfor)、上下文或其它方式来表示。
如:
Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.Withoutyouhelp,Iwouldn’thaveachievedsomuch.Butfor(“要不是......”的意思)yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.
II:
虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:
1.在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里,用should+动词原形,should可以省略.如advise,agree,command,decide,demand,determine,grant,indicate,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,stipulate,suggest,urge,vote.常考到的是:
suggest,advise,demand,require,propose,insist,order,request.
Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe(should)takeshortleaveofabsence.
TheauthorproposedthatTV(should)beturnedoffatleastonehoureveryday.
2.在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里,用should+动词原形,should可以省略.如advice,decision,agreement,command,decree,demand,determination,indication,insistence,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement,stipulationetc.
ItwasBill’ssuggestionthateveryone(should)haveamap.
Hissuggestionwasthateveryone(should)haveamap.
Hegaveusasuggestionthateveryone(should)haveamap.
3.在Itis/was+形容词后的that从句中用should的结构,should可以省略.这类形容词常见的有:
advisable,anxious,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative(绝对必要),impossible,improper,important,natural,necessary,obligatory,possible,preferable,probable,recommended,urgent,vitaletc.
It‘snaturalthatshe(should)doso.
Itisessentialthatwe(should)tellherthenews.
4.在lest和forfearthat(以免),incase(以防)从句中用should,should可以省略.
Shewalkedquietlylestshe(should)wakeupherroommates.
Haveyourgunreadyincaseweshouldneedit.
III:
wish后的that从句中:
1.表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.
IwishIknewhisaddress.
IwishIwereyoung.
2.表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望,从句用过去完成式或would,could,might+have+过去分词.
Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.
IwishIcouldhavesleptlongerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.
3.如果将wish改成wished,其后that从句中动词的形式不变.
4.如果that从句中用would,一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
Iwishhewouldanswermyletter.
Iwishpriceswouldcomedown.
Iwishyouwouldhelpme.
Iwishyouwouldstopaskingsillyquestions.
IV:
在It’sabout/high/first(second,thirdetc)time后的that从句中,用过去式.表示“该是做什么的时候了”
Itisabouttimeyouwereinbed.
Itishightimeweleft.
ItisthefirsttimeIcamehere.
V:
在wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon后的that从句中,用过去式或过去完成式,表示“宁愿做什么”
Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.
Johnwouldratherthatshehadnotgonetothepartyyesterdayevening.
VI:
在ifonly(“如果....就好了”的意思)感叹句中,谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.
Ifonlyhedidn’tdrivesofast!
(现在)
Ifonlyshehadaskedsomeone’sadvice.(过去)
Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(将来)
VII:
在asif/asthough从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况,用过去完成式.
Hespeaksasifhewereonthespot.
ShespoketomeasifIhadbeendeaf.
Thisdeviceoperatedasthoughithadbeenrepaired.
注:
1.在asif/asthough句中,如果有可能成为事实,用陈述语气.
Helooksasifheisgoingtobeill.
2.在insist后的从句中,如果是坚持自己,用陈述语气,坚持别人做什么事情,用虚拟语气.
Sheinsiststhatsheisright.
SheinsistedthatIshouldfinishtheworkatonce.
提问者评价
虚拟语气分为:
与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反
第一种:
与现在事实相反,从句用过去时,did或were,主句用would+动词原形
例句:
IfIwereyou,IwouldnotstudyEnglish.
第二种:
与过去事实相反,从句用haddone,主句是would/could/shouldhavedone
例句:
Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwould/should/couldhaveseenher
第三种:
与将来事实相反,从句分三种
1、与现在事实相反用法一样
2、weretodo
3、shoulddo这里should不可替换,主句用could/would+动词原形
例句
1.Ifyoucametomorrow,youwouldseeme
2.Ifyouweretocometomorrow,youcould/wouldseeme
3.Ifyoushouldcometomorrow,youcould/wouldseeme
这些用法必须是背下来的,没有什么捷径可走,有的时候,阅读里的句子是混杂的,可能主句与过去相反,从句与现在相反,只要熟背我上面所说的,就能分别取从句和主句,加油吧
虚拟语气(SubjunctiveMood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况:
①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
I:
最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1.虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be一般用were),主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
Ifplaceswerealike,therewouldbelittleneedforgeographers.如果各个地方都一样,就不需要地理学家了。
2.虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。
Ifhehadknownyouraddressyesterday,hewouldhavetelephonedyou.
3.虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。
If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用wereto/should+动词原形,主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday
4.省略if采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,而将had,should,were等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。
Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldhavegotthroughtheexams.==>Hadheworkedharder,hewouldhavegotthroughtheexams.Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.==>Werehetoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.IfIwereinyourplace,Iwouldn’tdothat.==>WereIinyourplace,Iwouldn’tdothat.
5.有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来,而是用介词短语(otherwise,or,without,butfor)、上下文或其它方式来表示。
如:
Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.Withoutyouhelp,Iwouldn’thaveachievedsomuch.Butfor(“要不是......”的意思)yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.
II:
虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:
1.在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里,用should+动词原形,should可以省略.如advise,agree,command,decide,demand,determine,grant,indicate,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,stipulate,suggest,urge,vote.常考到的是:
suggest,advise,demand,require,propose,insist,order,request.
Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe(should)takeshortleaveofabsence.
TheauthorproposedthatTV(should)beturnedoffatleastonehoureveryday.
2.在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里,用should+动词原形,should可以省略.如advice,decision,agreement,command,decree,demand,determination,indication,insistence,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement,stipulationetc.
ItwasBill’ssuggestionthateveryone(should)haveamap.
Hissuggestionwasthateveryone(should)haveamap.
Hegaveusasuggestionthateveryone(should)haveamap.
3.在Itis/was+形容词后的that从句中用should的结构,should可以省略.这类形容词常见的有:
advisable,anxious,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative(绝对必要),impossible,improper,important,natural,necessary,obligatory,possible,preferable,probable,recommended,urgent,vitaletc.
It‘snaturalthatshe(should)doso.
Itisessentialthatwe(should)tellherthenews.
4.在lest和forfearthat(以免),incase(以防)从句中用should,should可以省略.
Shewalkedquietlylestshe(should)wakeupherroommates.
Haveyourgunreadyincaseweshouldneedit.
III:
wish后的that从句中:
1.表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.
IwishIknewhisaddress.
IwishIwereyoung.
2.表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望,从句用过去完成式或would,could,might+have+过去分词.
Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.
IwishIcouldhavesleptlongerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.
3.如果将wish改成wished,其后that从句中动词的形式不变.
4.如果that从句中用would,一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
Iwishhewouldanswermyletter.
Iwishpriceswouldcomedown.
Iwishyouwouldhelpme.
Iwishyouwouldstopaskingsillyquestions.
IV:
在It’sabout/high/first(second,thirdetc)time后的that从句中,用过去式.表示“该是做什么的时候了”
Itisabouttimeyouwereinbed.
Itishightimeweleft.
ItisthefirsttimeIcamehere.
V:
在wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon后的that从句中,用过去式或过去完成式,表示“宁愿做什么”
Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.
Johnwouldratherthatshehadnotgonetothepartyyesterdayevening.
VI:
在ifonly(“如果....就好了”的意思)感叹句中,谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.
Ifonlyhedidn’tdrivesofast!
(现在)
Ifonlyshehadaskedsomeone’sadvice.(过去)
Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(将来)
VII:
在asif/asthough从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况,用过去完成式.
Hespeaksasifhewereonthespot.
ShespoketomeasifIhadbeendeaf.
Thisdeviceoperatedasthoughithadbeenrepaired.
注:
1.在asif/asthough句中,如果有可能成为事实,用陈述语气.
Helooksasifheisgoingtobeill.
2.在insist后的从句中,如果是坚持自己,用陈述语气,坚持别人做什么事情,用虚拟语气.
Sheinsiststhatsheisright.
SheinsistedthatIshouldfinishtheworkatonce.
高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理
英语的动词有三种语气形式,即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问,可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中;祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。
虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。
如:
ThecollegeentranceexaminationEnglishsubjunctivemoodgeneralization
目录
1虚拟语气
2第一类
3第二类
4第三类
5第四类
6第五类
7第六类
8wish和asif
9注意事项