全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类B级Word格式.docx

全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类B级Word格式.docx

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　　3Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting.

　　AstatedBannounced

　　CdemandedDsuggested

　　4Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.

　　AlivedonBdependedon

　　CbelievedinDjoinedin

　　5ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaksarecord.

　　AbeatsBmaintains

　　CmatchesDtries

　　6Allthepupilsseemtobeverycheerful.

　　AhappyBhealthy

　　CnaughtyDbusy

　　7Thetraditionalpaintingsareexhibitedonthesecondfloor.

　　AlaidBdisplayed

　　CkeptDstored

　　8Shestoodthere，shakingwithfury.

　　AmiseryBlaughter

　　CangerDcry

　　9Maryevidentlyisthemostdiligentstudentamongus

　　AintelligentBbeautiful

　　CtalkativeDhardworking

　　10PersistentattemptstointerviewGarbowerefruitless.

　　AForcefulBReasonable

　　CContinuousDFirm

　　11Whycan'

tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining？

　　AeverlastingBlong

　　CtemporaryDboring

　　12Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

　　AshakenBdamaged

　　CfallenDjumped

　　13Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

　　AfaithfulBroyal

　　CgenuineDsincere

　　14Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

　　AattractionBsimplicity

　　CpowerDrigor

　　15Tenyearsaftertheevent，herdeathstillremainsapuzzle

　　AmistBfog

　　CmysteryDsecret

　　第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；

如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；

如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

RadiocarbonDating

　　Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon（放射性碳），orcarbon-14，dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.

　　Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon，calledcarbon-12，hassixprotons（中子）andsixneutrons（质子）initsnucleus.Carbon-14，orC-14，isaradioactive，unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons（原子核）。

Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay（衰减）。

Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.

　　InLibby'

sradiocarbondatingtechnique，theweakradioactiveemissions（放射）fromhisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.hedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.

　　Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'

satmospherewhennitrogen（氮）-14，orN-14，interactswithcosmicrays（宇宙射线）。

ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed，themountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently，C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50，000years.

　　AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues（组织）。

Onceanorganism（有机体）diesittopstakingincarboninanyform，andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases，andtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating，thefewerC-14atomsinasample，theolderthatsampleis.

　　16Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects

　　ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

　　17Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold

　　18Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons

　　19Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon

　　20Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50，000years.

　　21TheC-14inanorganismbeginstodecaywhenitdies

　　22Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25，000years.

　　第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Chimpanzees

　　1Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）。

Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues，thenwithin20years，therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲剧）。

Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.

　　2In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse，usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests，whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact，chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically，chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）。

Butthereisanother，moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.

　　3Thechimpanzees'

trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular，chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

　　4Forexample，chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV，thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed，theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

　　5Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans，scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This，theyhope，willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

　　23Paragraph1

　　24Paragraph2

　　25Paragraph3

　　26Paragraph4

　　AReasonsforHIVresistance

　　BImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

　　CEffectiveAIDStreatment

　　DGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

　　EChimps'

resistancetoHIV

　　FGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumans

　　27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect

　　28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand

　　29Scientistssuspectthatgenes.PlaYasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting

　　30Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto

　　Asomehumandiseasetreatments

　　Bsomediseases

　　Chumansurvival

　　Dhumangenomes

　　Ekeyareas

　　Fhealthierlifestyle

　　第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇Water

　　Thesecondmostimportantconstituent（构成成份）ofthebiosphere（生物圈）isliquidwater.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures，sincewaterfreezesat0℃andboilsat100℃。

Lifeasweknowitwouldonlybepossibleonthesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrowrange.

　　Theearth'

ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantinquantity.Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownveryaccurately，butitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepthofabouttwoandthree-quarterkilometers.Mostofitisintheformofthesaltwateroftheoceans-about97percent.Therestisfresh，butthree-quartersofthisisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains，andcannotbeusedbylivingsystemsuntilmelted.Oftheremainingfractionalwhichissomewhatlessthanonepercentofthewhole，thereis10-20timesasmuchstoredundergroundwaterasthereisactuallyonthesurface.Thereisalsoatiny，butextremelyimportantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervaporintheatmosphere.

　　Watervaporintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewholewatercirculation（循环）ofthebiospherehastopass.Waterevaporated（蒸发）fromthesurfaceoftheoceans，fromlakesandriversandfrommoist（潮湿的）earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainorsnow，fallingoneithertheseaortheland.Thereis，asmightbeexpected，amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheland，butthereismorerainfalloverthelandthanovertheoceans，andthebalanceisrestoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformofrivers.

　　31Liquidwateronlyexists

　　Ainthecenteroftheearth.

　　Bonthesurfaceofourplanet.

　　Cinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures.

　　Dinthecoastalareasoftheearth.

　　32ThetotalquantityofwateronEarth

　　Aremainsalmostunchanged.

　　Bhasgreatlyincreasedinrecentyears.

　　Cisdecreasingconstantly.

　　Disaffectedbyglobalwarming.

　　33MostofthefreshwateronEarth

　　Aisstoredunderground.

　　BisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains.

　　Cisfoundinriversandlakes.

　　Dcomesfromtherain.

　　34Theword“fraction”inthesecondparagraphmeans