医学英语词根大全.docx

医学英语词根大全.docx

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医学英语词根大全

1．人体主要器官前缀

名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例

心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology

脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology

肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology

肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology

胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology

胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy

肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy

肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀

名称通用名前（后）缀示例

血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular

静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction

动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis

肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron

细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital

体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome

3．与数字有关的前缀

数字前缀示例

一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional

二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide

三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve

四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia

五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride（666）/hexacycliccompiund

七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent

八octa-octahedral/octalsystem

九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon

十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter

注：

十位数的表示一般为：

个位数前缀+deca，如：

hexadecanol（十六烷醇），

tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）

4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀

颜色通用名前缀示例

色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer

红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer

白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

绿green

棕brownbrownmixture/brownring

橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG

粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum

绯红crimson

青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes

蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫violet/purple

注：

有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.

5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀

（1）

含义前（后）缀形容词示例

病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/

-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy

病态-osis–oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

无a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet

micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage

-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic

6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀

（2）

含义前（后）缀示例

相反dis-disease/disorder/disability

困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

坏死-necrosis/necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

7．与方位有关的前缀

含义通用词前缀示例

上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal

下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-/pre-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis

后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac

内inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial

外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial

间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse

旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal

周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心centralcentri-/centra-/centro-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus

反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：

invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内；insitu/in’saitju:

/原位

8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy

切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy

切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome

吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy

成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty

整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy

造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography

经…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral

注：

ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：

ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy为方法，如：

electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；

graph为仪器，如：

electrocardigraph心电图机；

gram为图象，文字，如：

electrocardiogram心电图记录。

9．与化学品有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate

醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol

醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal

酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone

糖glyco-glycogenolysis

saccharo-saccharomyces

-saccharidepolysaccharide

酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase

素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein

原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin

氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine

10．与“作用”有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal

抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic

驱逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge

抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脱/除de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization

回/再/复re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant

冷冻cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant

否/去/分离dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection

向后/退行retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-ac

pertainingto属于，关于

cardiac:

pertainingtotheheart心脏（病）的

-al

pertainingto

medical:

pertainingtomedicine

-ar

pertainingto

molecular:

pertainingtoamolecule分子的

-ary

pertainingtobelongingto

ciliary:

pertainingtothecilia睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-ase

enzyme酶

amylase:

anyenzymethatconvertsstarchtosugar淀粉酶

-cle

smallness小,少,贫乏,小气

follicle:

asmallbodilycavityorsac小囊,（头发的）毛囊

-e

aninstrument仪器

auriscope:

aninstrumentforexaminingtheear（检查耳朵用的）耳镜

-eal

pertainingto

laryngeal:

pertainingtothelarynx喉的,喉音的

-ia

condition;quality

phobia:

abnormalfear恐惧，害怕

-ic

pertainingto

toxic:

pertainingtotoxin有毒的；因中毒引起的

-ics

studyof;nameofascience

pediatrics:

studyofchildren,theirdevelopmentanddiseases儿科学

-ine/in

substance物质

insulin：

substance（hormone）producedbytheisletsofLangerhansinthepancreas胰岛素

-ism

processorcondition

alcoholism:

excessivedrinkingofalcoholwhichbecomesaddictive酒精中毒

-ist

onewhospecializesin精通于……的人

pharmacologist:

adoctorwhospecializesinthestudyofdrugs药理专家

-itis

inflammationreferstoapartin……部位的炎症

rhinitis:

inflammationofthenasalpassages鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-（i）um

relationtoawhole;relatedto与……相关

endometrium:

innerliningoftheuter子宫内膜

-ive

characterizesby

antitussive:

adrugthatsuppressescoughing止咳药

-let

tiny;small

droplet:

atinydrop小滴

-ment

theresultorproductofanaction

development:

thingwhichdevelopsorisbeingdeveloped;actionofbecomingmature

-oid

resembling;like像

mucoid:

resemblingmucus粘液样的

-ole

little;small

centriole:

thesmalldensestructureinthemiddleofthecentrosome细胞中心粒；中心体

-oma

tumor;swellingreferstoadoer

dermatofibroma:

fibroustumoroftheskin皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-er

eitherapersonorthing

receptor:

asensorynerveendingthatrespondstovariousstimuli感受器，受体

-ory

characterizedby;pertainingto

suspensory:

whichishangingdown悬吊式，悬带

-ose

sugar

fructose:

fruitssugarfoundinhoneyandsomefruit果糖

-osis

abnormalcondition

onychocryptosis:

abnormalconditionofahiddennail嵌甲

-ous

pertainingto

poisonous:

pertainingtopoison;alsocontainingpoison有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somes

bodies

ribosome:

thebodyofnucleicacid核糖体

-um

structure;thing;substance结构，物质

magnesium:

awhitemetallicchemicalsubstance镁（金属元素）

-y

condition;act;process

dystrophy:

disordercausedbydefectivenutritionormetabolism营养不良

Thefollowingisalistofthemostcommonlyusedcompoundsuffixes

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-algia

pain;painful;condition

arthralgia:

paininajoint关节痛

--ase

enzyme

protease:

digestiveenzyme蛋白酶

-blast

embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎

hemocytoblast:

blastcell血胚细胞，原始血细胞

-carcinoma

malignanttumordevelopingfromconnectivetissue相关组织的恶性肿瘤

adenocarcinoma:

malignanttumordevelopingfromglandulartissue腺癌

-cele

protrusion;distention突出；膨胀，延伸

esophagocele:

abnormaldistentionoftheesophagus食管突出

-centesis

surgicalpuncture手术穿孔

paracentesis:

surgicalpunctureofacavityfortheaspirationoffluid穿刺术

-capnia

carbondioxide二氧化碳

acapnia:

absenceofcarbondioxide血液二氧化碳缺乏

-cide

kill

germicide:

（substance）whichcankillgerms杀菌剂

-clast

cell

phagocyte:

cell,especiallyawhitebloodcell,whichcansurroundanddestroyothercells噬菌细胞

-dynia

pain

glossodynia:

paininthetongue舌痛

-ectasia/-ectasis

expansion;dilation（膨胀，扩张）

atelectasis:

incompleteexpansionofthelungsatbirth肺不张

-ectomy

surgicalexcisionorremovalof

gastrectomy:

surgicalremovalofthestomach胃切除术

-edema

excessiveaccumulationofserousfluid水肿

myxoedema:

conditioncausedwhenthethyroidglanddoesnotproduceenoughthyroidhormone粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿

-emia

bloodcondition

leukemia:

anyofseveralmalignantdiseaseswhereanabnormalnumberofleucocytesformintheblood白血病

-emes