直接引语和间接引语用法及练习含答案Word文件下载.docx
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at
home.”
→Jim
told
me
Jane
had
home.
2、时态的变动
（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时（不变）
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般将来进行时
过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时
过去将来完成时
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变动.直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变动表：
Hesaid,“IusuallywatchTVonSunday.”他说：
“我常在星期天看电视”.
→HesaidthatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday.他说他常在星期天看电视.
Hesaid,“I'
musingtheknife.”他说：
“我正在用小刀.”
→Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.他说他正在用小刀.
Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”她说：
“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信.”
→ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信.
Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”他说：
“我来帮手你.”
→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.他说他来帮手我.
注意：
直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时,酿成间接引语时,时态不变.
Theteachersaid,“Theearthisround.”老师说：
“地球是圆的.”
→Theteachersaidthattheearthis
round.老师说地球是圆的.
（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
（3）如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语酿成间接引语时,时态一律不变
Hesays,“Ifinishedthework.”他说：
“我做完工作了.”
Hesaysthathefinishedthework.他说他做完工作了.
Hewillsay,“Ihavewateredtheflowers.”他会说：
“我己经浇花了.”
Hewillsayhehaswateredtheflowers.他会说他己经浇花了.
3、指示代词、时间状语和地址状语的相应变动
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this/thesethat/those
时间状语now
then
today
thatday
tonight
thatnight
thisweek（month…）
thatweek（month…）
Yesterdaythedaybefore
lastweek（month…）
theweek（month…）before
twoweeks（month）ago
twoweeks（months）before
tomorrow
thenextday
nextweek（month…）
thenextweek（month…）
地址状语
herethere
动
词
come---go
Bring---take
Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”他说：
“三天前我妹妹在这儿.”
→Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿.（here→there;
ago→before）
Shesaid,“Iwillcomeherethisevening.”她说：
“今晚我将来这儿.”
→Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.她说那晚她将去那儿.
（come→go；
here→there；
this→that）
以上这些变动,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地址的情况而定,不成机械照搬.如果就在本地转述,here就不用改为there,come也不用改为go,如果就在当天转述,yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不用改变.
二、当直接引语是陈说句时
直接引语是陈说句时,间接引语用that引导,但在口语中that可以省去.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地址状语等要作相应的变动.
She
came
back
an
hour
ago.”
→She
to/told
she
come
before.
三、当直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时
1、疑问句语序酿成陈说句语序.
2、主句中的谓语动词为said时,要改为asked；
没有间接宾语时,可以加一个间接宾语
（如me,him等）.
3、句末用句号.
4、从句中的人称、动词时态和状语等也要作相应的变动.
5、原句若为一般疑问句时,用whether或if
转述；
“Are
interested
in
English?
（me）
/whether
I
English.
6．原句若为选择疑问句时,用whether…or…/…or
not；
him,
“Will
stay
home
or
go
a
film
tonight?
→I
him
whether
would
night.
7.原句若为反意疑问句,则经常使用whether或if
转述.
“You’ve
already
got
well,
haven’t
you?
whether/if
well.
四、当直接引语是特殊疑问句时
如果直接引语是特殊疑问句,改为间接引语时,仍用原句中的wh-类的词引导,其余的变动同直接引语为一般疑问句的情况2—5条一样.例如：
“What
is
your
name?
me.→He
what
my
name
was.
asked:
“Where
are
get
off,
Peter?
”
Peter
where
off.
如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中,疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语,则语序不需要变动.
“Whose
picture
most
beautiful
class?
boy’s
father.
→The
father
whose
his
class.
五、当直接引语是祈使句时
直接引语为祈使句,酿成间接引语可用如下的结构“主语+asked
sb.
（not）
do
sth.”.
1、需将原祈使句中谓语动词酿成不定式.如果祈使句为否定句,则用不定式的否定形式,即在不定式前加not.
2、原主句谓语动词said须改为asked,told或ordered等含有祈使意义的能带宾补的及物动词.ask
sth.
暗示客气）
tell
（命令性强于上面）
order
（命令性最强）
“Don’t
make
so
much
noise.”→He
us
not
noise.
3、原句有“please”时,主句谓语多用asked（请求）,并去失落please.
“Shut
window,
please.”→He
shut
window.
4如果以let开头的祈使句暗示劝告或建议,可用“suggest
+
that从句”或“suggest
doing”来转述.例如：
“Let’s
cinema.”
said.→Tom
suggested
going
cinema.
→Tom
they
should
六、直接引语是感叹句时
直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时仍可用what或how引导,词序不变,也可用that
引导,将句子酿成相应的名词性从句.例如：
lovely
day
it
is!
”→She
day.
________
for
computer.
did
pay
how
B.
paid
C.
D.
paid
2.
“Have
seen
film?
_______.
A.
have
3.
“Please
close
window,”
______
_____
to;
closing
please
4.
teacher,”
Jack
said.
_________.
teacher
5.
“Mother,
boy
very
naughty.”
_____-
naughty.
mother
spoke
asked.
________.
hadn’t
well
well.
“
Are
Party
member
League
member?
member.
asked,
“How
getting
along?
along
9.
with
matter
mater
what’s
again.”
_______
again.
me;
don’t
11.
_________
violin.
12.
Can
sure
gold
ring?
Alice
has
put
13.
These
photos
will
show
__________.
does
our
village
look
like
looks
like
You
can’t
imagine
when
received
these
nice
Christmas
presents.
were
excited
decided
not.
What,
That,
whichever
16.
I’ll
ask
parents
agree
let
allow
17.
---Do
mind
help?
---I
really
person
can
help
with.
_____________.
train
late
always
arrived
arrives
on
time
stops
here
It
book
Thomas
Edison
（1847-1931）
world
leading
inventor
sixty
years.
be
been
20.
–Sorry
interrupted
you.
Please
on.
---Where
I?
---You
didn’t
father’s
job.
saying
31.
Beijing
by
air
next
32.
—Joyce,
open
—Pardon?
—I
start
early
wouldn’t
catch
first
bus.
34.
The
noise.
making
36.
doctor
wrong
37.
38.
They
last
better
out
once.
doubt
key
of
knowledge.
Is
40.
actor
born
1984.
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