Unit EightText AUnwritten Rules.docx

Unit EightText AUnwritten Rules.docx

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UnitEightTextAUnwrittenRules

UnitEightTextAUnwrittenRules

L1

1.Preview（Lead-in）

2.Listening（R:

P197-8）

Instructions:

Preteachessentialnewvocabulary.Tellthestudentsthey’regoingtohearaconversationbetweentwopeople–Jill（thewoman）andTim（theman）–drivinghomelateatnight.Astheylistenthefirsttime,theyshouldmarkthewordsonthelistJorTtoindicatewhichpersonsaysthem.Summarizingeachsideoftheargumentshouldproceedafterasecondlistening.

FirstListening

1）animal（T）anywhere（J）asleep（J）car（J）cold（J）

decent（T）ignore（T）law（J,T）light（T,J）noone（J,T）

police（J）safety（T）sleepy（J）socialcontract（T）whoknows（T）

Thewordingofthesummariesmayvary,ofcourse,but:

Jillfeelsthesocialcontractcanbeignoredundercertaincircumstances;Timfeelsthesocialcontractisthefoundationofcivilizationandthatitshouldn’teverbeignored.

SecondListening

2）Theseareopinionquestions.

3.Warm-upActivity（PairWork）

Procedures:

1）PairSsandaskthemtorecalloneexperienceofbreakingacertainrule,eitherconsciouslyorunconsciously;

2）havethemprepareforthefollowingquestions:

Didyourealizeyoubrokearuleatthemomentithappened?

Ifso,whydidyoudothat?

Howdidyoufeelaboutthat?

Wereyoupunished?

Whyorwhynot?

3）sumupthediscussionandpresentthetext.

4.BackgroundInformation

“parkingmeter”R:

P108

L2

1.NewWords

humn.alowsteadycontinuoussound连续低沉的声音

eg.the~ofbees,ofdistanttraffic,ofmachines蜜蜂的嗡嗡声，远处车辆的呜呜声，机器的隆隆声

the~ofconversationinthenextroom隔壁房间里嗡嗡的谈话声

screamv.say（sth.）loudlyandusuallyonahighnoteesp.becauseofanger,fear,pain,etc.（因恐惧、痛苦等而）尖声喊叫，惊呼

eg.She~edatmeinanger.她愤怒地对我尖声喊叫。

Thefans~edwithexcitementwhentheysawhim.

Weall~edwithlaughter.我们都大笑起来。

n.eg.a~ofpain,laughter,excitement痛苦、大笑、激动等时候的尖叫

screaminga.尖声的，发出尖叫声的

damnv.1.criticize（sth.）severely严厉地批评，指责，贬斥

eg.Theplaywas~edbythereviewers.

2.（esp.ofGod）send（sb.）topunishmentwithoutendafterdeath（尤指上帝）罚（某人）入地狱受罪

3.curseat诅咒；咒骂

int.该死，他妈的，讨厌（表示愤怒、厌烦、轻蔑、失望等）

eg.Damn!

I’velostmypen.真倒霉

Damnthisuselesstypewriter!

这个破打字机真该死！

yellvi.（at）utteraloudsharpcryorcriesasofpain,excitement,etc.叫喊，叫嚷

eg.~withfear,agony,laughter害怕、痛苦、笑得喊叫起来

She~ed（out）athermischievouschild.

n.eg.a~ofterror

precisea.1.[attrib]exact,particular恰好的，正好的

eg.atthat~moment恰在那时

2.statedclearlyandaccurately叙述清楚而准确的

eg.~details,instructions,measurements准确的细节、明确的指示、精确的尺寸

preciselyad.1.exactly;just恰好；正好

eg.Thisis~whyIwanttoseeyou.

Susanisbothactiveandamiable;sheis~thepersonwearelookingfor.

2.inanexactmanner;carefully精确地；细致地

eg.Heenunciatedthewordsvery~.他吐字非常清楚。

precisionn.exactness精确，准确

eg.Yourreportlacks~.

a.madeordonewithexactness精密的，确切的

eg.~instrument精密仪器

~timing恰到好处的时机

explodev.1.burstwithaloudnoise;blowup爆炸；爆破

eg.Whentheboiler~dmanypeoplewereinjured.

~abomb使一颗炸弹爆炸

2.（in,with）showsuddenviolentemotion爆发，迸发

eg.He~dwithrage,fury,jealousy,etc.他勃然大怒、暴跳如雷、怒火中烧。

She~dintoloudlaughter.

3.destroy（atheory,aidea,etc.）byshowingittobefalse破除，推翻（理论、观念等）

eg.~asuperstition破除迷信

explosionn.1.asuddenburstingoutofstrongemotion（感情等的）爆发，迸发

eg.an~ofrage大发雷霆

2.（aloudnoisecausedby）asudden,violentburstofenergy爆炸（声），炸裂（声）

eg.gas~s,abomb~

3.alargeandrapidincrease大规模的扩大；激增

eg.apopulation~,the~ofoilprices

explosivea.thatcanexplode会爆炸的

eg.Hydrogenishighly~.

an~situation,issue一触即发的形势、极易引起争端的问题

an~temper暴躁的脾气

basisn.（pl.bases/i:

z/）mainprinciplethatunderliessth.;foundation基础；根据；基本原则

eg.argumentsthathaveafirm~

Ratesofworkarecalculatedonaweeklybasis.

basicallyad.withregardtowhatismostimportantandbasic;inreality基本上；实际上；主要地

eg.~Iagreewithyourproposals,butthereareafewsmallpointsI’dliketodiscuss.

Despitehercriticisms,sheis~veryfondofyou.她其实很喜欢你。

witnessvt.see（sth.）happen;observe目击，目睹

eg.Thepolicearetryingtofindpeoplewho~edthecaraccident.

Hearrivedhomejustintimeto~hisbrotherbeingtakenawaybythepolice.

n.1.apersonwhoseesaneventtakeplaceandisthereforeabletodescribeittoothers目击者，见证人

eg.~es（atthescene）oftheaccident事故（现场）的目击者

Iwasa~totheirquarrel

2.personwhogivesevidenceinalawcourtafterswearingtotellthetruth证人

eg.a~forthedefense/prosecution被告的/原告的证人

demonstrationn.1.theexpressionofafeeling（情绪的）显示，表露

eg.Embracingisa~ofaffection.爱的表示

2.（against/infavorofsb./sth.）apublicshowofstrongfeelingoropinion,oftenwithmarching,bigsigns示威游行

eg.amass~insupportoftheregime拥护该政权的群众集会

3.（instanceof）showingsth.bygivingprooforevidence证明；论证

eg.a~ofalawofphysics证明一物理定律

absolutea.1.notdependingonormeasuredbycomparisonwithotherthings绝对的

eg.Thereisno~standardforbeauty.美是没有绝对的标准的。

~power绝对的权力

2.complete;total完全的；十足的

eg.have~trustinaperson

~ignorance,silence全然无知，寂然无声

3.certain;definite;leavingnodoubt确实的；不容置疑的

eg.It’san~fact.这是千真万确的事实。

customn.1.（an）establishedsociallypractice习俗，风俗

eg.Itisdifficulttogetusedtoanothercountry’s~s.

2.thehabitualpracticeofaperson（个人）习惯

eg.Itismy~toriseearly.

customarya.establishedbycustom;usualorhabitual习俗的，习惯的

eg.Isit~totipwaitersinyourcountry?

在贵国依照惯例是否该给服务员小费？

Shegavethe~speechofthankstothechairman.她照例向主席致感谢辞。

disintegratev.1.fallapart;becomelessstrongorunited瓦解；解体

eg.Thefamilyisstartingto~.

2.（causesth.to）breakintosmallpartsorpieces（使某物）碎裂，崩裂

eg.Theboxwassoolditjust~dwhenIpickeditup.

Thespacecraft~dasitenteredtheEarthatmosphere.

headlightn.车前灯

cruisern.（AmE）apolicecar（美）警察巡逻车

saken.目的；理由；缘故；利益

forsth’s/sb.’ssake/forthesakeofsth./sb.forthepurposeofsth./forthebenefitofsb.为了，为了…的利益

eg.Youknowyouarenotstudyingforyourparents’sake.

Forthesakeofyoursafety,pleasefastenyourseatbelt.

Somestudentswouldmakenotesontheirtextbooksforconvenience’ssake.

arrestvt.takeandkeep（sb.）prisonerwiththeauthorityofthelaw依法逮捕，拘捕

eg.Hewas~edfortheft.

n.eg.Thepolicemadeseveral~s.

athletica.oforconcerningathletesorathletics运动员的；运动的

eg.an~club;~sports

securityn.safety;sth.thatprovidesorassuressafety安全；保障；保卫措施，安全措施

eg.Therewastight~forthePope’svisit.为教皇到访采取了严密的保安措施。

Weneedgreater~incarparks.我们需要加强停车场的安全措施。

~force保安部队

spectatorn.apersonwhoiswatchinganeventofgame

eg.noisy~satafootballmatch足球比赛中喧闹的观众

emotionn.1.anyofthestrongfeelingsofthehumanspirit情感；激情；感情

eg.Love,joy,hate,fear,andjealousyareall~s.

Thespeakerappealedtoour~sratherthantoourminds.激发情感非启发思考

2.strengthoffeelings;excitedstateofthefeelings激动

eg.overcomeby/with~为情感所动

Hespokeofhisdeadwifewithdeep~.他提到亡妻感慨万分。

a.emotionaleg.~music,language抒情的~nature易动感情的天性

contestn.aneventinwhichpeoplecompeteagainsteachother;acompetition竞赛；比赛

eg.aboxing,dancing,speaking,beauty,etc.contest

Theelectionwassoone-sidedthatitwasreallyno~.

v.（takepartinand）trytowin（sth.）（参与并）争取赢得（某事物）

eg.Asaprotest,thepartyhasdecidednotto~thiselection.

~aseatinParliament争夺国会席位

n.contestant:

personwhoisinacontest;competitor参赛者

arenan.alevelareaforsports,publicentertainment,etc.（供竞技、表演等用的）场地

remarkablea.worthnoticingorunusual;exceptional值得注意的；不寻常的；独特的

eg.a~person,feat,event,book出类拔萃的人、非凡的业绩、引人注目的事件、特别好的书

remarkablyad.unusually;noticeable非凡地，异常地；值得注意地，引人注目地

parkingmeteradevicenexttoaparkingspaceintowhichonehastoputmoneyforparkingforacertaintime汽车停放计时器，汽车停放收费计

extendvt.make（sth.）longerorlarger使延长，使延期；扩展，扩大

eg.~arailway扩建铁路

Canyou~yourvisitafewdayslonger?

extensionn.1.theactofextendingorbeingextended延伸，扩展

eg.The~ofthegardenwilltakeseveralweeks.

2.apartwhichisaddedtomakesth.longer,widerorlarger增加的部分

eg.Our~isnearlyfinished.我们的扩建部分已接近完工。

He’sgotan~tofinishwritinghisthesis.他获准延期交论文。

locationn.aplaceorposition地点；位置

eg.asuitable~fornewhouses

v.locate1.discovertheexactpositionorplaceof（sb./sth.）找出，指出准确地点或位置

eg.~atownonamap

I’mlocatingMr.Smith.Doyouknowwhereheis?

2.[esp.passive]establish（sth.）inaplace;situate将（某物）设置在某处；使坐落于

eg.Anewfactoryistobe~donthissite.Theinformationofficeis~dinthecitycenter.

3.settleinaplace;establishoneself定居某处；安顿

eg.Thecompanyhas~dontheWestCoast.

violatevt.breakorbecontraryto（arule,principle,treaty,etc.）违反，违背；侵犯

eg.Thesefindingsappearto~thelawsofphysics.这些研究结果似乎有违物理定律

~one’srighttofreespeech侵犯某人言论自由

n.violationeg.actinopen/flagrant~ofatreaty公然地/明目张胆地违反条约

gross~sofhumanrights对人权的严重侵犯

tentativea.done,said,etctoteststh.;hesitantorexploratory;notdefiniteordecisive试探性的；

踌躇的；不确定的

eg.makea~suggestion,proposal,plan,etc.建议、提案、计划

reacha~conclusion得出暂时的结论

Hegavea~smile.

dinern.apersoneatingdinner就餐者

behavev.1.（~oneself）showgoodmanners;conductoneselfwell表现良好；行为良好

eg.Children,please~（yourselves）!

孩子们，规矩些！

2.（~well,badly,etc.towardssb.）actorconductoneselfinthespecifiedway（举止或行为）表现

eg.She~stowardsmemorelikeafriendthanamother.

Hehas~dshamefullytowardshiswife.他对妻子的态度很可耻。

3.（ofm