深度阅读练习.docx

深度阅读练习.docx

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深度阅读练习

Passage1

　　BaekelandandHartmannreportthatthe“shortsleepers”hadbeenmoreorlessaverageintheirsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butataboutage15orso,themenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschool,work,andotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasbothersomeinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines.

　　Ingeneral,these“shortsleeps”appearedambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist（不动摇）intheiropinions,andverysureabouttheircareerchoices.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsatonce,orworkersfull-orpart-timewhilegoingtoschool.Andmanyofthemhadastrongurgetoappear“normal”or“acceptable”totheirfriendsandassociates.

　　Whenaskedtorecalltheirdreams,the“shortsleepers”didpoorly.Morethanthis,theyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarfashion,theirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexisted,andthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway.

　　Thesleeppatternsofthe“shortsleepers”weresimilarto,butlessextremethan,sleeppatternsshownbymanymentalpatientscategorizedasmanic（疯人）.

　　The“longsleepers”werequitedifferentindeed.BaekelandandHartmannreportthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssincechildhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleep,protectedit,andwerequiteconcernedwhentheywereoccasionallydeprivedoftheirdesired9hoursofnightlybedrest.Theytendedtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidthe“shortsleepers.”

　　Manyofthe“longsleepers”wereshy,anxious,introverted（内向）,inhibited（压抑）,passive,mildlydepressed,andunsureofthemselves（particularlyinsocialsituations）.Severalopenlystatesthatsleepwasanescapefromtheirdailyproblems.

　　1.Accordingtothereport,______.

　　A）manyshortsleepersneedlesssleepbynature

　　B）manyshortsleepersareobligedtoreducetheirnightlysleeptimebecausetheyarebusywiththeirwork

　　C）longsleeperssleepalongerperiodoftimeduringtheday

　　D）manylongsleeperspreservetheirsleepinghabitformedduringtheirchildhood

　　2.Many“shortsleepers”arelikelytoholdtheviewthat_____.

　　A）sleepisawithdrawalfromthereality

　　B）sleepinterfereswiththeirsoundjudgement

　　C）sleepistheleastexpensiveitemontheirroutineprogram

　　D）sleepisthebestwaytodealwithpsychologicaltroubles

　　3.Itisstatedinthethirdparagraphthatshortsleepers_____.

　　A）areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressuresoflife

　　B）oftenneglecttheconsequencesofinadequatesleep

　　C）donotknowhowtorelaxproperly

　　D）aremoreunlikelytorunintomentalproblems

　　4.Whensometimestheycannotenjoyadequatesleep,thelongsleepersmight____.

　　A）appeardisturbed

　　B）becomeenergetic

　　C）feeldissatisfied

　　D）beextremelydepressed

　　5.WhichofthefollowingisNotincludedinthepassage?

　　A）Ifonesleepsinadequately,hisperformancesuffersandhismemoryisweakened

　　B）Thesleeppatternsofshortsleepersareexactlythesaneasthoseshownbymanymentalpatients

　　C）Longandshortsleepersdifferintheirattitudestowardssleep

　　D）Shortsleeperswouldbebetteroffwithmorerest

　　【答案及详解】

　　答案：

DCBAB

　　贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。

但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。

这些人持有这样的观点：

夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。

　　总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。

他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。

其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。

　　当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。

更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。

类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：

不承认问题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。

　　“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。

　　“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。

贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。

他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。

偶尔没有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。

他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。

许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。

好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。

Passage2

　　Uponreachinganappropriateage（usuallybetween18and21years）,childrenareencouraged,butnotforced,to“leavethenest”andbeginanindependentlife.Afterchildrenleavehometheyoftenfindsocialrelationshipandfinancialsupportoutsidethefamily.Parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheirchildren,nordochildrenusuallyaskpermissionoftheirparentstogetmarried,RomanticloveismostoftenthebasisformarriageintheUnitedStates;youngadultsmeettheirfuturespouses（配偶）throughotherfriends,atjobs,andinorganizationsandreligiousinstitutions,Althoughchildrenchoosetheirownspouses,theystillhopetheirparentswillapproveoftheirchoices.

　　Inmanyfamilies,parentsfeelthatchildrenshouldmakemajorlifedecisionsbythemselves.Aparentmaytrytoinfluenceachildtofollowaparticularprofessionbutthechildisfreetochooseanothercareer.Sometimeschildrendopreciselytheoppositeofwhattheirparentswishinordertoasserttheirindependence.Asonmaydeliberatelydecidenottogointohisfather’sbusinessbecauseofafearthathewilllosehisautonomyinhisfather’sworkplace.Thisindependencefromparentsisnotanindicationthatparentsandchildrendonotloveeachother.StronglovebetweenparentsandchildrenisuniversalandthisisnoexceptionintheAmericanfamilyCoexistingwithsuchloveintheAmericanfamilyareculturalvaluesofself–relianceandindependence.

　　1.Thewriterdiscussesthemarriageofyoungadultsinordertoshowwhichofthefollowing?

　　A）Theyenjoythefreedomofchoosingtheirspouses.

　　B）Theywanttowinthepermissionoftheirparents.

　　C）Theyhaveastrongdesiretobecomeindependent.

　　D）Theywanttochallengetheauthorityoftheirparents.

　　2.MostyoungadultsintheU.S.getmarriedforthesakeof____.

　　A）love

　　B）financialconcern

　　C）theirparents

　　D）familybackground

　　3.Basedonthepassage,itcanbeassumedthat______.

　　A）Americanyoungadultsarelikelytofollowthesuitoftheirparents

　　B）mostAmericanpeoplenevermakemajordecisionsfortheirchildren

　　C）Americanyoungadultspossessculturalvaluesofindependence

　　D）onceayoungpersonstepsintohistwenties,hewillleavehishomepermanently

　　4.Asonisunwillingtoworkinhisfather’sbusinessmainlybecause_____.

　　A）hewishestomakefulluseofwhathehaslearntinschool

　　B）hewantstoprovehisindependence

　　C）hewishestodotheoppositeofwhathisparentsapproveof

　　D）hewantstoshowhisloveforhisparents

　　5.Thesubjectmatterofthisselectionis_____.

　　A）familyvalues

　　B）marriagearrangements

　　C）thepursuitofacareer

　　D）decisionmaking

　　【答案及详解】

　　答案：

　CACBA

　　子女一旦到适当年龄（通常是18至21岁），要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的，财政的巢”，开始独立生活。

小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交往，并自谋出路。

父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。

在美国，浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗教团体认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。

尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。

　　许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。

家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。

有时为了证实自己的独立性，子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。

儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。

这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。

父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不例外。

只不过在美国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。

Passage3

　　Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtext,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeofrwhichtheeyesstop---thedurationofthefixation----variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovaieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.

　　Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreading,numerousexerciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstance,insomeexercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsomecentralpoint,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.

　　Q:

　　1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsexcept________.

　　A.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext

　　B.one’spurposeinreading

　　C.thelengthofagroupofwords

　　D.lightingandtiredness

　　2.Theauthormaybelievethatreading______.

　　A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation

　　B.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly

　　C.demandsandeeply-participatingmind

　　D.demandsmoremindthaneyes

　　3Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparapraph?

　　A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.

　　B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords.

　　C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading.

　　D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sa