雅思备考练习提升13 2.docx

雅思备考练习提升13 2.docx

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雅思备考练习提升132

TheFutureOftheWorld’sLanguage

（A）Oftheworld's6,500livinglanguages,aroundhalfareexpectedtodieoutbytheendofthiscentury.accordingtoUNESCO.Just11arespokenbymorethanhalfoftheearth'spopulation,soitislittlewonderthatthoseusedbyonlyafewarebeingleftbehindaswebecomeamorehomogenous,globalsociety.Inshort,95percentoftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyonlyfivepercentofitspopulation—aremarkableleveloflinguisticdiversitystoredintinypocketsofspeakersaroundtheworld.MarkTurin,auniversityprofessor,haslaunchedWOLP（WorldOralLanguageProject）topreventthelanguagefromthebrinkofextinction.

（B）Heistryingtoencourageindigenouscommunitiestocollaboratewithanthropologistsaroundtheworldtorecordwhathecalls“oralliterature"throughvideocameras,voicerecordersandothermultimediatoolsbyawardinggrantsfroma￡30,000potthattheprojecthassecuredthisyear。

Theideaistocollatethisliteratureinadigitalarchivethatcanbeaccessedondemandandwillmakethenutsandboltsoflostculturesreadilyavailable.

（C）Formanyofthesecommunities.theoraltraditionisattheheartoftheirculture.Thestoriestheytellarecreativeaswellascommunicative.Unlikethelanguageswithcelebratedwrittentraditions,suchasSanskrit,HebrewandAncientGreek,fewindigenouscommunitiesrecordedtheirownlanguagesoreverhadthemrecordeduntilnow.

（D）TheprojectsuggesteditselfwhenTurinwasteachinginNepal.HewantedstudyforaPhDinendangeredlanguagesand,whilediscussingitwithhisprofessoratLeidenUniversityintheNetherlands,wasdrawntoamaponhistutor'swall.Themapwasfullofpinsofavarietyofcolourswhichrepresentedalltheworld'slanguagesthatwerecompletelyundocumented.Atrandom,Turinchosea"pin"todocument.IthappenedtobelongtotheThangmitribe,anindigenouscommunityinthehillseastofKathmandu,thecapitalofNepal,"Manyofthechoicesanthropologistsandlinguistswhowoonthesetraditionalprojectsarequiterandom."headmits.

（E）ContinuinghisworkwiththeThangmicommunityinthe1990s,Turinbegantorecordthelanguagehewashearing,realisingthatnotonlywasthislanguageanditscultureentirelyundocumented,itwasknowntofewoutsidethetinycommunity.Hesetabouttryingtorecordtheirlanguageandmythoforigins."Iwrote1,000pagesofgrammarinEnglishthatnobodycoulduse—but1realisedthatwasn'tenough.Itwasn'tenoughforme,itwasn'tenoughforthem.Itsimplywasn'tgoingtoworkassomethingforthecommunity.SothenIproducedthistrilingualwordlistinThangmi,NepaliandEnglish."Inshort,itwasthefirsteverpublicationofthatlanguage.Thatsmalldictionaryisstillsoldinlocalschoolsforamodest20rupees,andusedaspartofawiderculturalregenerationprocesstoeducatechildrenabouttheirheritageandlanguage,Thetaskisnosmallundertaking;Nepalitselfisacountryofmassiveethnicandlinguisticdiversity,hometo100languagesfromfourdifferentlanguagefamilies.What'smore,evenfewerethnicThangmispeaktheThangmilanguage.ManyofthecommunitymembershavetakentospeakingNepali,thenationallanguagetaughtinschoolsandspreadthroughthemedia.andcommunityeldersarcdyingwithoutpassingontheirknowledge.

（F）DespiteTurin'senthusiasmforhissubject;heisbaffledbymanylinguists'refusaltoengageintheissueheisworkingon."Ofthe6,500languagesspokenonEarth,manydonothavewrittentraditionsandmanyofthesespokenformsareendangered,"hesays."Therearemorelinguistsinuniversitiesaroundtheworldthantherearespokenlanguages—butmostofthemaren'tworkingonthisissue.Tomeit'samazingthatinthisdayandage,westillhaveanentirelyincompleteimageoftheworld'slinguisticdiversity.PeopledoPhDsontheapostropheinFrench,yetwestilldon'tknowhowmanylanguagesarespoken."

（G）"Whenalanguagebecomesendangered,sotoodoesaculturalworldview.Wewanttoengagewithindigenouspeopletodocumenttheirmythsandfolklore,whichcanbehardertofindfundingforifyouarebasedoutsideWesternuniversities,"

（H）Yet,despitethestrugglesfacinginitiativessuchastheWorldOralLiteratureProject,therearehistoricalexamplesthatpointtothepossibilitythatlanguagerestorationisnomereacademicpipedream.TherevivalofamodemformofHebrewinthe19thcenturyisoftencitedasoneofthebestproofsthatlanguageslongdead,belongingtosmallcommunities,canberesurrectedandembracedbyalargenumberofpeople.Bythe20thcentury,HebrewwaswellOnitswaytobecomingthemainlanguageoftheJewishpopulationofbothOttomanandBritishPalestine.ItisnowspokenbymorethansevenmillionpeopleinIsrael.

（I）Yet,despitethedifficultiesthesecommunitiesfaceinsavingtheirlanguages,DrTurinbelievesthatthefateoftheworld'sendangeredlanguagesisnotsealed,andglobalisationisnotnecessarilythenefariousperpetratorofevilitisoftenpresentedtobe."Icallittheglobalisationparadox:

ontheonehandglobalisationandrapidsocio-economiechangearethethingsthatareerodingandchallengingdiversity.Butontheother,globalisationisprovidinguswithnewandveryexcitingtoolsandfacilitiestogettoplacestodocumentthosethingsthatglobalisationiseroding.Also,thecommunitiesatthecoal-faceofchangeareexcitedbywhatglobalisationhastooffer."

（J）Inthemeantime,theraceisontocollectandprotectasmanyofthelanguagesaspossible,sothattheRaiShamanineasternNepalandthoseinthegenerationsthatfollowhimcancontinuetheirtraditionsandhaveasenseofidentity.Anditcertainlyisarace:

Turinknowshisproject'slimitsandbelievesitinevitablethatalargenumberofthoselanguageswilldisappear."Wchavetobewhollyrealistic.Aprojectlikeoursisinnoposition,andwasnotdesigned,tokeeplanguagesalive.Theonlypeoplewhocanhelplanguagessurvivearethepeopleinthosecommunitiesthemselves.Theyneedtoberemindedthatit'sgoodtospeaktheirownlanguageandthinkwecanhelpthemdothat—becomingmoderndoesn’tmeanyouwavetoloseyourlanguage."

Questions27-31

Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-J,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A-J,inboxes27-31onyouranswersheet.

Oftheworld’s6,500livinglanguages,abouthalfofthemareexpectedtobeextinct.Mostoftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbya27ofpeople.However,ProfessorTurinsetupaprojectWOLPtoprevent28ofthelanguages.Theprojectprovidesthecommunitywith29toenablepeopletorecordtheirendangeredlanguages.Theoraltraditionhasgreatcultural30.

Animportant31betweenlanguagesspokenbyfewpeopleandlanguageswithcelebratedwrittendocumentsexistedinmanycommunities.

AsimilarityBsignificanceCfundingDminority

EeducationFdifferenceGeducationHdiversity

ImajorityJdisappearance

Questions32-35

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage3?

Inboxes32-35onyouanswersheet,write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictswiththeinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

32Turinarguedthatanthropologistsandlinguistsusuallythinkcarefullybeforeselectinganareatoresearch

33TurinconcludedthatThangmilanguagehadfewsimilaritieswithotherlanguages

34Turinhaswrittenthat1000-pagedocumentwasinappropriateforThangmicommunity

35SomeNepaleseschoolslackresourcestodevotetolanguageteaching

Questions36-40

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,C,orD

Writethecorrectletterinboxes36-40onyouranswersheet

36WhydoesTurinsaypeopledoPhDsontheapostropheinFrench?

AHebelivesthatresearchershavelimitedroleintheresearchoflanguages.

BHecomparesthemethodsofresearchintolanguages.

CHethinksresearchshouldresultinadiverseculturaloutlook.

DHeholdsthatresearchintoFrenchshouldfocusonmoregeneralaspects.

37Whatisdiscussedintheninthparagraph?

AForcesdrivingpeopletobelieveendangeredlanguagescansurvive.

BThecommunitywherepeopledistrustlanguagerevival.

CThemethodsofresearchthathaveimprovedlanguagerestoration.

DInitiativestheWorldOralLiteratureProjectisbringingtoIsrael.

38HowistheWOLP’sprospect?

AItwouldnotraiseenoughfundstoachieveitsaims.

BItwillhelpkeeplanguagesalive.

CItwillbeembracedbyalargenumberofpeople.

DIthaschancetosucceedtoprotecttheengenderedlanguages.

39WhatisTurin’smainpointofglobalization?

AGlobalisationisthemainreasonforendangeredlanguages

BGlobalizationhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

CWeshouldhaveamorecriticalviewofglobalization.

DWeshouldforemostprotectouridentityinfaceofglobalization.

40WhatdoesTurinsuggestthatcommunitypeopleshoulddo?

ALearnotherlanguages.

BOnlyhaveasenseofidentity,

CKeepupwiththemodernsocietywithoutlosingtheirlanguage.

DJointheracetoprotectasmanylanguagesaspossiblebutberealistic.

全文精析

TheFutureOftheWorld’sLanguage

（A）Oftheworld's6,500livinglanguages,aroundhalfareexpectedtodieoutbytheendofthiscentury,accordingtoUNESCO.Just11arespokenbymorethanhalfoftheearth'spopulation,soitislittlewonderthatthoseusedbyonlyafewarebeingleftbehindaswebecomeamorehomogenous,globalsociety.Inshort,95percentoftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyonlyfivepercentofitspopulation—aremarkableleveloflinguisticdiversitystoredintinypocketsofspeakersaroundtheworld.MarkTurin,auniversityprofesso