新课标高考届高三英语总复习 课时作业38 含答案.docx

新课标高考届高三英语总复习 课时作业38 含答案.docx

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新课标高考届高三英语总复习课时作业38含答案

课时作业38

Ⅰ.阅读理解

（2017·河北省冀州中学高三年级考试）

Almosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.Wedoknow,however,thattheyexistedover5,500yearsagoinancientAsia.

Theoldestknowntransportwheelwasdiscoveredin2002inSlovenia.Itisover5,100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheelsfortransportdidn'tbecomepopularforawhile,though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.

Butitcouldalsobebecauseofadifficultsituation.Whilewheelsneedtorollonsmoothsurfaces,roadswithsmoothsurfacesweren'tgoingtobeconstructeduntiltherewasplentyofdemandforthem.Eventually,roadsurfacesdidbecomesmoother,butthisdifficultsituationappearedagainafewcenturieslater.Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalofmodernroaddesign.

Inthemid1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad—abaselayer（层）oflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsmanimprovedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesamelime,metalhubs（thecentralpartofawheel）cameintobeing,followedbythewheelsthatwereinventedin1967,sixtyyearsaftertheappearanceoftarmacroads（柏油路）.Aswheeldesigntookoff,vehiclesgotfasterandfaster.

1．Whatmightexplainwhytransportwheelsdidn'tbecomepopularforsometime?

A．Fewknewhowtousetransportwheels.

B．Humanscarriedfarmingtoolsjustaswell.

C．Animalswereagoodmeansoftransport.

D．Theexistenceoftransportwheelswasnotknown.

2．Whatdoweknowaboutroaddesignfromthepassage?

A．Itwaseasierthanwheeldesign.

B．Itimprovedafterbigchangesinvehicledesign.

C．Itwaspromotedbyfastmovingvehicles.

D．Itprovidedconditionsforwheeldesigntodevelop.

3．Howisthelastparagraphmainlydeveloped?

A．Bygivingexamples.

B．Bymakingcomparisons.

C．Byfollowingtimeorder.

D．Bymakingclassifications.

4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A．Thebeginningofroaddesign.

B．Thedevelopmentoftransportwheels.

C．Thehistoryofpublictransport.

D．Theinventionoffastmovingvehicles.

答案与解析

轮子是什么时候发明的呢？

最早的用途又是什么呢？

这些问题无人能回答.但是我们知道，轮子存在的时间已经超过5500年.

1．C　细节理解题.由第二段第四句“Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.”可知，动物在运载农具和人这一方面起了很重要的作用，这是轮子一时没有流行的原因.

2．D　细节理解题.由第三段最后一句“Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalofmodernroaddesign.”可知，在现代的道路设计之前，轮子和车辆的设计是没有重大变化的.故D项“道路设计为轮子设计的发展提供了条件”正确.

3．C　文章结构题.根据第四段中的“mid1700s”“1820s”“1967”可知，整个段落是按时间顺序展开说明的.

4．B　主旨大意题.由文章全文内容尤其是第一段可知，本文主要介绍了轮子的发展，所以B项正确.

Ⅱ.七选五

（2017·永安、连城、华安、漳平、泉港、龙海联考）

HowtoMakeFriends

Friendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends.Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits.Itofferscompanionship,improvesselfworthandpromotesgoodhealth.Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleaveuswithoutafriend.__1__Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Belowaresomehelpfulsuggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.

1.Associatewithothers.

Thefirststeptomakefriendsisassociatingwithotherpeople.Youcangotopublicplacestomeetnewpeople.Besides,youwillneedtomakeyourselfknownbybecominganactivememberofsuchplaces.

2.Startaconversation.

Startingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepinmakingnewfriends.__2__Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.Beingabletomakesmalltalksisaveryusefulskillinrelatingwithotherpeople.

3．__3__

Choosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportantinbuildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether.Hangingoutwillalwaysbeapleasantexperience.

4.Letitgrow.

Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopressyournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.__4__Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownaturally.

5.Enjoyyourfriendship.

Thebestwaytoenjoyfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves.__5__Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindoffriendyouwillwantyourfriendtobetoyou.

A．Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.

B．Dothingstogether.

C．Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.

D．Donotwaittobespokento.

E．Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.

F．Becheerful.

G．Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.

答案与解析

友谊在人际关系中是非常重要的，如何与人成为朋友呢？

本文提出一些建议.

1．C　根据后面的“Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.”可知前面说的是这个过程对一些人来说很容易.所以选C.

2．D　由后面的“Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.”可知，你可以开始一段对话，所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话.

3．B　根据后面的“astheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether.”可知选B项.

4．G　前面说不要通过电话、短信或亲自拜访的方式给你的朋友施加压力，因为这可能会使对方疲惫不堪，最后你会失去友谊，因此你要给你的朋友时间，让他来回应你.

5．E　前面一句说要允许你的朋友们做他们自己，也就是不要对朋友太挑剔.故选E.

Ⅲ.语法填空

（2017·贵州省凯里市第一中学月考）

Manyyearsago，therewasafamily__1__（name）Franklin.TheylivedinBoston.Therewerefivegirlsandsixboysinthefamily.On__2__Januarydayin1706anotherbabywasborn.Theboy'smotherandherhusbandgavetheboyname—Benjamin.

Benjaminwasthe__3__（clever）ofallthechildren.Hecouldread__4__hewasfiveandhecouldwritewhenhewasseven.Thenextyearhisparentssenthim__5__school.

InschoolBenjaminwasgoodatreadingandwriting,butnotgoodatmaths.Hereadallofhisfather'sbooks.Andwhenhehadmoney，healwayswenttobuybooks.Theytoldhimhowtodosomething.Theboylikedtousehisheadandtriedtofindwaystohelppeopleenjoylifemore.Forexample，hetriedtoknowiftherewassomewaytoswimfarther，maybewithsomethingonhishandsor__6__（foot）.__7__（slow），apictureof__8__（swim）shoes，orpaddles，grewinhismind.Thepaddlesmustbeneithertoobig__9__toosmall.Andtheymustbeneitherheavynorlight.Atlasthe__10__（invent）thepaddleforswimming.

答案与解析

本文是一篇说明文.主要介绍了本杰明·富兰克林.

1．named　考查动词.句意：

许多年以前，有一个叫富兰克林的一家人.此处named作family的后置定语.

2．a　考查冠词.句意：

在1706年一月的某一天，他们的另外一个孩子出生了.此处a表示“某一……”.

3．cleverest　考查形容词最高级.句意：

本杰明是所有孩子中最聪明的一个.故用cleverest.

4．when　考查时间状语从句.句意：

五岁时他就能阅读.此处when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”.

5．to　考查动词短语.句意：

第二年父母就把他送到了学校.send...to...“把某人送往某处”.

6．feet　考查名词单复数.前文onhishands中名词为复数，前后对等，所以此处用feet.

7．Slowly　考查副词.句意：

慢慢地，一双游泳鞋的图画在他的手中诞生.此处Slowly作状语.

8．swimming　考查形容词.修饰名词shoes，要用形容词swimming.

9．nor　考查副词.句意：

这双鞋既不大也不小.neither...nor...“既不……也不……”.

10．invented　考查动词时态.句意：

最后他发明了游泳浆.此处指过去，故用一般过去时invented.

Ⅳ.短文改错

（2017·拉萨中学月考）

WhenIfirstlearnedtowriteinEnglish,Irunintomanydifficulties.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinesebuttriedtotranslateeverythingintoChinese.Myteacheradvisedmetokeepdiaries.Ifollowedheradvice.Happilyitworked.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.OnedayIwroteashortstoryandshowedtomyteacher.Shelikeditverymuchthatshereadittotheclass.Everyonesaidthestorywasthegoodone.Iwasgreatencouragedbytheirwords.

答案

Ⅴ.书面表达

（2017·郴州市质量监测）

假定你是李华，高考（CollegeEntranceExamination）后想去美国旅行20天，主要想更多地了解当地文化和习俗.给你的美国朋友Jason写信，请他根据你的时间和旅行目的对你附件中的行程（itinerary）进行一些修改.

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2．信的格式已给出，不计入总词数.

DearJason，

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

LiHua

答案

Dear_Jason，

Myhighschoolisoveratlast!

IamplanningtotravelaroundAmericafor20daysaftertheCollegeEntranceExamination,hopingtolearnmoreaboutthelocalcultureandcustom.

SinceIhaveneverbeentherebeforeandonlygotsomeinformationfromtheInternet,Iamwritingtoaskyoutodomeafavor.Consideringmytravellingtimeandpurposes,Iwonderifyoucanmakesomechangestomyitineraryintheattachmentsothatmytripcanturnoutmorecolorfulandpractical.Afterall,youknowwhatsuitsmebest.

IamlookingforwardtoyourreplyandseeingyousooninAmerica.

Yours，

Li_Hua_