step by step book 3 Unit 9 Architecture.docx

step by step book 3 Unit 9 Architecture.docx

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stepbystepbook3Unit9Architecture

Unit9Architecture

PartIWarmingup

Vocabulary:

1.imperial [im‘pi?

ri?

l]adj.帝国的;皇帝的

2.paneling [‘p?

n?

li?

]n.[总称]镶板；门芯板

3.frame n.构架，（房子等的）骨架，框架；构造物

4.ceiling[‘si:

li?

]n.天花板

5.spire [‘spai?

]n.尖塔,尖顶

6.coffern.（政府、机构等的）财源，资金；（旧时的）保险柜

7.ornate  [?

:

‘neit,’?

:

neit]adj.装饰的,华丽的

8.opulent  [‘?

pjul?

nt]adj.富裕的,充足的

9.guilder[‘gild?

]n.荷兰盾，已被欧元取代

10.fresco [‘fresk?

u]    n.湿壁画

11.chandelier [,?

?

ndi‘li?

] n.（挂于天花板上的）枝形吊灯

12.catacomb[‘k?

t?

k?

um]n. [通常用作复数]地下墓穴，陵寝

13.urn [?

:

n]n.（有座脚与耳柄的）瓶;缸;瓮    大茶壶,骨灰缸

14.jumble [‘d?

?

mbl]   v.搀杂,混杂    n.混杂,混乱 

ProperNames

1.Versailles[v?

?

'sai,v?

:

'seilz]n.凡尔赛（宫）[法国]

2.SchonbrunnPalace 美泉宫:

奥地利最具代表性的文化遗迹，既是一座皇家宫殿，亦是历代皇室贵族的避暑别墅.

3.Rococo[r?

u'k?

uk?

u;,r?

uk?

'k?

u] n.洛可可式建筑风格（18世纪在法国流行的一种建筑风格，特点是纤巧、浮华）

       fancifulbutgracefulasymmetric不对称的 ornamentationinartandarchitecturethatoriginatedinFranceinthe18thcentury

4.GreatGallery大画廊

5.St.Stephen’sCathedral圣史蒂芬大教堂

6.ImperialBurialVaults皇室墓穴

7.KapuzinerChurch  （奥地利）凯普琴教堂

8.Hofburg霍夫堡皇宫

9.Baronque[b?

‘rok] n.巴洛克（艺术和建筑）风格的，（艺术品和建筑）过分雕琢、装饰曲线过多以追求动势和起伏的，以浮华铺张为特点的elaborateandextensiveornamentationindecorativeartandarchitecturethatflourishedinEuropeinthe17thcentury

10.Gothic[‘g?

θik] adj. （家具、雕刻等）哥特风格的（13～15世纪以制作精细、具有现实主义风格为特征）；制作于哥特式建筑流行时期的

         astyleofarchitecturedevelopedinnorthernFrancethatspreadthroughoutEuropebetweenthe12thand16thcenturies;characterizedbyslenderverticalpiers脚柱；支柱 andcounterbalancingbuttresses桥墩 andbyvaultingandpointedarches

11.Renaissance   [r?

'neis?

ns] n.文艺复兴 

B 

Vocabulary:

1.transparency [tr?

ns‘p?

?

r?

nsi]n.透明度,幻灯片

2.cable     n.缆绳，巨缆，（尤指10英寸或10英寸以上的）缆索；钢丝绳

3.sheetglass   平板玻璃

4.contrast ['k?

ntr?

st]n.差别,对比,对照物

                                   v.对比,成对照

5.complement [‘k?

mplim?

nt]  n.补充,补足，补全;补足物，补充物

    vt.补全，补充

6.continuity  [,k?

nti‘nju（:

）iti]n.连续性 

PartIIITomorrow’shouse

Vocabulary:

1.homeautomation     家庭自动化

2.convenience便利，方便

3.securitysystem保全系统

4.technologicalwonder技术奇迹

5.energy-efficient高效能的

6.gee-whiz  adj.惊人的;旨在引起激动的;夸大其辞的

7.spa矿泉城，休闲中心

8.coax[k?

uks]v.哄劝，劝诱

9.thermostat['θ?

:

m?

st?

t] n.恒温器，温度自动调节器

10.intriguing[in‘tri:

gi?

]adj.引起兴趣的；迷人的；有迷惑力的

11.abound[?

'baund]  v.富于,充满

12.floodlight泛光灯

13.skylight天窗

14.drapery['dreip?

ri] n.帏帐,布料

15.infrared[‘infr?

’red] adj.红外线的   n.红外线（的） 

PartIVHousingproblems

Vocabulary:

1.demolition  n.拆除

2.oldbuildings  旧建筑

3.erection    n.建造，竖立

4.officeblocks  写字楼，办公大楼

5.housingshortage 住房紧张

6.demolish  v.拆除

7.petition     n.请愿书

8.SaltLane      盐巷

Unit9Architecture

PartIWarmingup

A.

Tapescript:

Forhundredsofyears,ithasbeenanimperialcapitalofEurope.ItsrulersraidedtheWesternworldtoenrichthecoffersoftheempire.Theyspenttheirwealthonmagnificentpalacesandgrandpublicbuildings.TheybuiltanoperahousethatrivalsanyinEurope.Theyfoundedgreatmuseumsandlibraries.Theyconstructedmassive,ornategovernmentbuildings.Andtheyraisedopulentpalacesforthemselves.AtourofViennaisatourofthesemonumentstoexcess.

TakeSchonbrunnPalace,forinstance.ThePalace'sMillionRoom,namedafterthecostofthedecorations--1millionguilders,isaRococomasterpiece.Insetinthepanelingare260rareminiaturesofIndo-Persianheritage.Theframesarerealgoldleaf,andthepanelingispreciouswood.

TheGreatGallery,modeledafteraroominVersaillesnearParis,has35-footceilingsgracedwithgiantfrescoesboastingofthepoweroftheAustrianarmy.Massivecrystalchandeliersreflectinthewallofmirrors,trimmedingoldleaf.

ThelistofothersightstoseeinViennaislong.St.Stephen'sCathedraldominatestheskylineofOldTown,themedievalsectionofthecity.Itsmainspiresoars450feetintothesky,andthetopcanbereachedbyclimbing343steps.Thecathedral'wasbeguninthe12thcentury.

InthecatacombsbeneaththecathedralarecopperurnscontainingtheintestinesofdeceasedHabsburgs.TheirbodiesareinornatecasketsintheImperialBurialVaultsintheKapuzinerChurchafewblocksaway,andcanbevisited.

TheOldTownisafascinatingplacetowalk.Mostofthenarrowstreetshavebeenturnedintopedestrianmallslinedwithshops,coffeehousesandrestaurants.Inonesection,theoriginalRomanruinsunderthestreetscanbeseenbygoingtoanundergroundmuseum.

TheNaturalHistoryMuseumandtheMuseumofFineArtsoccupymatchingbuildingsonMariaTheresaPlaza,asmallsquareacrossfromtheHofburg.HofburgistheHabsburg’sin-townpalace.Itisbig,with2,600rooms,butnotornate.Hofburgisajumbleofbuildingsconstructedatdifferenttimesandindifferentstyles,fromBaroque,GothicandClassicaltoRenaissanceandRococo.Itsoldestpartsdatefromthe13thcentury,butmostwerebuiltfromthe1700son.

B1.

ThePalaisduLouvre:

nLocation:

heartofParis

nBeginningyearofconstruction:

1527

nTimewhenfirstusedasapublicartgallery:

1793

TheLouvrePyramid:

nDesigner:

IeohMingPei

nUse:

themainentrancetothePalaisduLouvre

nHeight:

21m

nWidth:

33m

nMaterials:

steeltubes,cables,sheetglass

nYearofcompletion:

1988

Tapescript:

ThePalaisduLouvrestandsattheheartofParis,andhousesoneoftheworld'sgreatestcollectionsofworksofart.Theoriginalpalacedatesfrom1527,anditwasextendedandaddedtooverthenextfourcenturies.Itwasfirstusedasapublicartgalleryin1793.In1981,theChinese-AmericanarchitectIeohMingPeiwascommissionedtoredevelopthepublicpartoftheLouvreandcreatemorespaceforreceptionareasandservices.HedesignedthefamousGlassPyramid,whichservesasthemainentrancetothebuilding,leadingundergroundtothemuseumandartgallery.ThePyramidis21metershighand33meterswide,andusesacombinationofsteeltubes,cablesandsheetglass.Itwascompletedin1988,andquicklybecameamajortouristattractioninitsownright.

B2

1.ShelikestheLouvrePyramidbecauseofthetransparency,andithasalighteffect.

2.ShelikestheLouvrePyramidforitscontrastofshapes.ItemphasizesthebeautyoftheLouvre.

3.ShethinkstherightthingistoputsomethingsocontradictorytotheLouvre.Theystandindialoguewitheachotherandtheydon'ttrytocomplementeachother.

4.ShethinksitwouldhavebeenthebiggestmistaketotrytobuildsomethingsimilartotheLouvre.

Tapescript:

IliketheLouvrePyramidbecauseofitstransparency,becauseyoucanjustlookthroughit,andithasaverylighteffect.Itisnotheavyanditismadeofglass,andsoitlookslikealightobject.AndIlikeitforitscontrastofshapes,becauseitissuchacontrasttotheLouvrebuildingthatinfactitdoesn'tinterferewiththebeautyoftheLouvre,butiteven,itemphasizesthebeautyoftheLouvre.Andintheeveningwhenthispyramidislighted,it'sjustasourceoflighttoputtheLouvreintoanewlight.Andthishasformealsoasymbolicmeaning.Anditissuchanunexpectedshapeinthisurbancontext,justtouseatraditionalshapeofapyramidbuiltinnewmaterialswithnewtechnologies,high-tech,andsoon,thatitisacompletelysurprisingeffect.Sothatpeoplegetshockedbyitortheylikeit,butthereisnobodywhowouldbeuninvolvedorwhocouldjustpassandnotnoticethisbuilding.Soit'ssomethingyouhavetolookat.AndIthinkthisisalsoveryimportantinbuilding,andcreatingsomethinginthecities,andexactlyforexampleclosetothesehistoricalbuildingswhicharesucha...theyaresosensitivetopicsthatnobodydarestotouchthem.Ithinktherightthingisreallytoputsomethingsocontradictorytoitthattheystandindialoguewitheachotherandtheydon'teventrytocomplementeachother.BecauseitwouldhavebeenthebiggestmistaketotrytobuildsomethingsimilartotheLouvre,toputabuildingwhichwouldcopytheLouvre,becauseitwouldjustmeanthatwedon'tliveincontinuity,thearchitecturedoesn'tcontinueitshistory,butitwouldmeanthatarchitecturestandsstillonthelevelofthe17thcentury,andthatwouldbealie.

PartIIEco-consciousconstruction

A.

Short-termmeasures:

nReleasing$100milliontothe11hotteststates

nProvidingnewcrisisassistancetolow-incomefamilies.

a.repairingandreplacingair-conditionersandfans

b.installinginsulation

c.givingadviceonthebestwaytokeephomescool

Long-termmeasures:

MultipartinitiativeforFederalGovernment:

nRetrofittingfederalbuildingsandotherfacilitieswiththebestenergy-savingtechnology

nReplacingconventionallightbulbsandfixtureswithmoreefficientfluorescents

nBringingexistingbuildingsuptoEPA's"EnergyStar"standardofenergyefficiency

nAdopting"sustainabledesign"guidelinestoreduceenergyuse

Tapescript:

Goodmorning.Thisyear,we'veseenadisturbingstringofweather-relatedemergenciesallaroundourcountry,fromflashfloodsinTennesseetowildfiresinFlorida,toicestormslastwinterinNewEngland.Thissummer,recordheatanddroughtaretakingaterriblehumantoll,destroyingcrops,causingpoweroutages,（and）worstofall,takinglives.JustsinceJune,morethan130peoplehavediedbecauseoftheheat.

Certainly,thelatestElNinoispartlytoblameforthesevereweatherconditionsthathavebesiegedsomanycommunities.Butgrowingevidencesuggeststhattheextremeanderraticweatherwe'reseeinginAmericaandaroundtheworldisbeingintensifiedbyglobalwarming.

Considerthis:

1997wasthewarmestyear