专四真题.docx

专四真题.docx

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专四真题

PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]

Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

TEXTA

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?

Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.

Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.

Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?

Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity-hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.

Heisskeptical-hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable-andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.

Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.

Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

81.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough

A.appliedknowledge.

B.morethanoneaspect.

C.technologyonly.

D.theuseofmachines.

82.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity?

A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.

C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.

83.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.

B.easilycriticizeothers'researchwork.

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.

84.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Applicationoftechnology.

B.Progressinmodemsociety.

C.Scientists'waysofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.

85.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthetopic?

A.Critical.

B.Objective.

C.Biased.

D.Unclear.

81.Bmorethanoneaspect

82.Aitgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork

83.Aeasilybelieveinuncheckedstatements

84.Cscientists’swayofthinkingandacting

85.Bobjective

From:

TEXTB

Overthepastseveraldecades,theU.S.,Canada,andEuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.TheseincludeUFOsaswellassightingsandencounterswith"nonhumancreatures"suchasBigfootandtheLochNessmonster.OnlyrecentlyhasLatinAmericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.AlthoughthemysteriesoftheAztec,Mayan,andIncacivilizationshavebeenknownforcenturies,nowthepublicisalsobecomingawareofunusual,paranormalphenomenaincountriessuchasPeru.

TheNazca"lines"ofPeruwerediscoveredinthe1930s.Theselinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,andformabout300intricatepicturesofanimalssuchasbirds,amonkey,andalizard.Seenatgroundlevel,thedesignsareajumbledsenselessmess.Theimagesaresolargethattheycanonlybeviewedataheightof1,000feet-meaningfromanaircraft.Yettherewerenoaircraftin300B.C.,whenitisjudgedthedesignsweremade.Norweretherethen,oraretherenow,anynearbymountainrangesfromwhichtoviewthem.SohowandwhydidthenativepeopleofNazcacreatethesemarvelousdesigns?

Oneanswerappearedin1969,whentheGermanresearcherandwriterErichvonDanikenproposedthatthelinesweredrawnbyextraterrestrialsasrunwaysfortheiraircraft.ThescientificcommunitydidnottakelongtoscoffatandabandonvonDaniken'stheory.Overtheyearsseveralothertheorieshavebeenputforth,butnonehasbeenacceptedbythescientificcommunity.

TodaythereisanewandheightenedinterestintheNazcalines.ItisadirectresultofthecreationoftheInternet.Currentlytherea

reover60sitesdedicatedtothismysteryfromLatinAmerica'spast,andevenrespectedscientistshavejoinedthediscussionthroughe-mailandchatrooms.

WilltheInternethelpexplaintheseunsolvedmysteries?

Perhapsitisastepintherightdirection.

86.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

A.LatinAmericahaslongreceivedattentionforunusualphenomena.

B.PublicattentionisnowdirectedtowardscountrieslikePeru.

C.PublicinterestusuallyfocusesonNorthAmericaandEurope.

D.Someancientcivilizationshaveunsolvedmysteries.

87.Accordingtothepassage,theNazcalineswerefound

A.inmountains.

B.instones.

C.onanimals.

D.onaplain.

88.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthehigherthelinesareseen,the____theimagestheypresent.

A.smaller

B.larger

C.clearer

D.brighter

89.TherehasbeenincreasinginterestintheNazcalinesmainlybecauseof

A.theparticipationofscientists.

B.theemergenceofthelnternet.

C.thebirthofnewtheories.

D.theinterestintheInternet.

90.Theauthoris____abouttheroleofthelnternetinsolvingmysteries.

A.cautious

B.pessimistic

C.uncertain

D.optimistic

TEXTC

Graduationspeechesareabitlikeweddingtoasts.Afewarememorable.Theresttendtotriggersuchthoughtsas,"WhydidIwearsuchuncomfortableshoes?

"

Butgraduationspeechesarelessaboutthemessagethanthemessenger.EveryyearafewcollegesanduniversitiesintheUSattractattentionbecausethey'vemanagedtobookhigh-profilespeakers.And,everyyear,themediareportsomeofthesespeakers'wiseremarks.

Lastmonth,thefollowingwordsofwisdomwerespread:

"Youreallyhaven'tcompletedthecircleofsuccessunlessyoucanhelpsomebodyelsemoveforward."（OprahWinfrey,DukeUniversity）.

"Thereisnowaytostopchange;changewillcome.Gooutandgiveusafutureworthyoftheworldweallwishtocreatetogether."（HillaryClinton,NewYorkUniversity）.

"'Thisreallyisyourmoment.Historyisyourstobend."（JoeBiden,WakeForestUniversity）.

Ofcourse,thereal"get"ofthegraduationseasonwasfirstladyMichelleObama'sappearanceattheUniversityofCalifornia,Merced."Rememberthatyouareblessed,"shetoldtheclassof2009,"Rememberthatinexchangeforthoseblessings,youmustgivesomethingback...AsadvocateandactivistMarianWrightEdelmansays,'Serviceistherentwepayforliving...itisthetruemeasure,theonlymeasureofsuccess'."

Callstoservicehavealong,richtraditioninthesespeeches.However,itispossibleforagraduationspeechtogobeyondclicheandsaysomethingtrulycompelling.ThelatewriterDavidFosterWallace's2005graduationspeechatKenyonCollegeinOhiotalkedabouthowtotrulycareaboutotherpeople.ItgainedsomethingofacultafteritwaswidelycirculatedontheInternet.AppleComputerCEOSteveJobs'addressatStanfordUniversitythatyear,inwhichhetalkedaboutdeath,isalsoconsideredoneofthebestinrecentmemory.

Butwhenyou'resittinginthehotsun,fidgetyandfreakedout,doyoureallywanttobelecturedabout

thebigstuff?

.Isn'tthatliketryingtomaintainasmileatyourweddingreceptionwhilesomerelativegivesatoastthatamountsto"marriageishardwork"?

Youknowhe'sright;youjustdon'twanttothinkaboutitatthatparticularmoment.Infact,asisthecaseinmanymajorlifemoments,youcan'treallymanagetothinkbeyondtheblistersyournewshoesarecausing.

Thatmayseemanticlimactic.Butitalsogetstotheheartofoneoflife'sgreatest,saddesttruths:

thatourmost"memorable"occasionsmayelicitthefewestmemories.It'sprobablynotsomethingmostgraduationspeakerswouldsay,butit'soneofthefirstlessonsofgrowingup.

91.Accordingtothepassage,mostgraduationspeechestendtorecall____memories.

A.great

B.trivial

C.unforgettable

D.unimaginative

92."Butgraduationspeechesarelessaboutthemessagethanthemessenger"isexplained

A.inthefinalparagraph.

B.inthelastbutoneparagraph.

C.inthefirstparagraph.

D.in