中考英语阅读理解解题技巧.docx

中考英语阅读理解解题技巧.docx

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中考英语阅读理解解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解解题技巧

阅读理解解题技巧

1分门别类识别文体

记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等；

议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；

应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。

2统览全篇摘录要点

阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。

在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。

摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。

3开动脑筋推测词意

初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程：

（1）根据上下文猜测词意。

（2）根据构词法猜测词意。

前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy；fair、unfair；important、unimportant等。

后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development；state、statement；argue、argument等。

后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator；visit、visitor；law、lawyer；wait、waiter；science、scientist；art、artist等。

4用知识和生活经验理解短文

如根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Waterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen；根据生活经验可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.

还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。

逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。

如一道中考模拟卷阅读问题，Thentheycametothesecondpicture.Theassistantwasgoingtodrawtheclothashedidbefore.Assoonashetouchedthecloth,hecried,“WonderfulIt'sthebestpictureIhaveeverseen!

”据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。

5条分缕析理解长句

长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。

如，Parentswhosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsporthaveadifficultdecisiontomakeabouttheirchildren'scareer.

先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parentshaveadecision.

再找出修饰语Whosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsport为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，tomakeabouttheirchildren'scareers为不定式做decision的定语。

经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。

巩固练习

1、RachelCarson（1907﹣1964）wasapioneeroftheworld's environmentalmovementthroughherwritingabouttheprotectionofthenaturalworld．Her1962bookSilentSpringmadeherwellknownbymanypeople．Itdescribestheharmfulchangesintheenvironmentofusingtoxic（有害的）chemicalsonfarmland．

Carson'scareerstartedasabiologistintheUSBureauofFisheries．In1951shepublishedherfirstbook．TheSeaAroundUs，whichbecameabestseller．Itmadeherrichenoughtoleaveherjobanddevoteherlifetowriting．Shewassgiftedwriter．Hernexttwobookswerealsoabouttheoceansandbothtoppedthebooksaleslists．

Carson'sbookSilentSpringcompletely changedthewayAmericathoughtaboutnature．Itpainted ableak（荒凉的）futureforthewholenaturalworld．Itledtoanationwideban（禁止）onthe useofadeadlychemicalcalledDDT，andothertoxicpesticides（农药）thatfarmersusedfortheircrops．ManypeoplesaythebookledtothecreationofAmerica'sEnvironmental ProtectionAgency．

Sinceherdeath．Carson's namehascontinuedtobeconnectedwithprotectingtheenvironment．ThereisnowayearlyRachelCarsonBookPrize．NorwayawardstheRachelCarsonPrizetowomenwhohavemadegreatcontributionstothefieldofenvironmentalprotection．In1980，16years afterherdeath，shewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom，thehighestcivilianhonourinAmerica．

1．WhathappenedtoRachelCarsonin1962？

A．Shestartedtowritebooks

B．Shegaveupworkingassbiologist

C．HerbookTheSeaAroundUssoldwell

D．HerbookSilentSpringmadeherfamous 

2．WhatmostprobablymadeRachelCarsonleaveherjob？

A．Shegotanaward

B．ShepublishedSilentSpring

C．TheSeaAroundUsbroughtherenoughmoney

D．TheUSgovernmenttooknoticeofherresearches

3．WhyisthebookSilentSpringimportanttoAmerica'senvironmentalprotection？

A．Itdescribesasilentspring

B．Ittoppedthebooksaleslists

C．ItchangeedhowAmericathoughtaboutnature

D．ItincludesallCarson'sresearchachievements

4．Whatdoestheunderlineword"It"inParagraph3mean？

A．ThebookSilentSpring

B．ThewayAmericathought

C．TheUSBureauofFisheries

D．America'sEnvironmentalProtectionAgency

5．WhywasRachelCarsonawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom？

A．Shepublishedthebooksilentspring

B．ShedidalotofresearchesfortheUSBureauofFisheries

C．ShedonatedmuchmoneytotheRachelCarson BookPrize

D．Shemadegreatcontributionstotheenvironmentalprotection．

2、DearMum:

TodayI’mgoingtotellyousomethingreallyspecial.Iknowyouworkveryhardandfeeltiredeveryday.

Everytimeyoucomehomeandseethemessy（杂乱的）house.Iknowyouareveryangrywithme.Butyoualwayssaynothingandcleanupthehouse.Ialwayswanttohelpyou,butIhavesomuchhomeworktodo.AfterIfinishmyhomework,Ifeellikedying.Ireallywanttohelpyou,butI’msotiredtoo.

Ialsowanttotellyouonething,Iloveyousomuch.IusuallytalkbacktoyouwhenyousaythatIdon’tstudyhardenough.ButinfactIjustwantyoutopraise（赞扬）memore.Iwilltrymybesttogetgoodgradesandgetpraisefrommyteacher.Sodon’tfeelfrustrated（失望）aboutmygrades,OK?

IhavemadeupmymindthatIwillstudyharderandhelpyoutocleanthehouse.Iamseriousthistime.IwillhavemyhomeworkdonefastersothatIcanhavemoreenergytocleanthehouse.IwillwatchTVlesssothatIcanhavemoretimetostudyandgetgoodgrades.Allthesethingsareforonereason:

IwanttomakeyouhappyMum.

Iloveyou!

WithlotsofloveSally

（  ）1.WhyisSally’smotherangrywithSallywhenshecomesbackfromwork?

A.Becauseshedoesn’tstudyhard.

B.Becausesheisn’tgoodatEnglish.

C.Becauseshedoesn’tcleanthehouse.

D.Becauseshedoesn’tfinishherhomework.

（  ）2.WhatdoesSally’smotherthinkabouther?

A.ShethinksSallyisverylazy.

B.Shefeelsfrustratedabouther.

C.ShethinksSallystudiesveryhard.

D.ShethinksSallyisabadgirl.

（  ）3.WhatdoesSallywant?

A.Enoughmoney             B.Enoughfreetime

C.Goodgradesandpraise      D.Enoughgoodfood.

（  ）4.WhydoesSallywanttodoherhomeworkfaster?

A.BecauseshewillhaveenoughtimetowatchTV.

B.Becausesheisinterestedindoinghomework.

C.Becauseshehasmanyimportantthingstodo.

D.Becauseshecanhavemoreenergytodosomecleaniginherhouse.

（  ）35.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?

A.Sallyfeelsverytiredaftershefinishesherhomework.

B.Sallylovehermotherdeeply.

C.Sally’steacherfeelsfrustratedabouther.

D.Shallywantstomakemotherhappy.

3、PeoplecalltheWinterOlympicstheWhiteOlympics.Atthistime,theypublish（发行）manystampstomark（标志）thegreatgames.ThefirststampscameoutonJanuary25th,1932intheUnitedStatesforthe3rdWhiteOlympics.Fromthenon（从那时起）,publishingstampsduringtheWhiteOlympicsbecamearule.

Duringthe4thWinterOlympics,peoplepublishedagroupofstampsinNovember1936.TheydrewfiveringsofOlympics.Itwasthefirsttimethattheringsappeared（出现）onthestampsoftheWhiteOlympics.

Inthe1950s，thestampsofthiskindbecamemorecolorful.WhentheWhiteOlympicscame,thehostcountriesaswellasnon-hostcountriespublishedstampstomarkthosegames.ChinaalsopublishedfourstampsinFebruary1980whentheChinesesportsmenbegantotakepartintheWhiteOlympics.

InAsia,JapanwastheonlycountrytoholdtheWhiteOlympics.Theysold14,500millionstampsduringtheOlympics.

Peopledrewdifferentkindsofsportsonthesesmallstamps,andtheyenjoyedthewonderfulsportsandsomeexcellentplayers.

1.TheWhiteOlympicsandtheWinterOlympics____.

A.arethesamething                          B.aredifferentgames

C.arenotheldinwinter              D.areheldinsummer

2.Theworldmadeitaruletopublishstampstomarkthegreatworldgames____.

A.aftertheyear1936                          B.afterthe3rdWhiteOlympics

C.beforethe3rdWhiteOlympics     D.beforetheyear1932

3.TheWinterOlympicsisheld（被举行）once____.

A.everytwoyears          B.everythreeyears

C.everyfouryears         D.everyfiveyears

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Onlythehostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.

B.Onlythenon-hostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.

C.Allthecountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.

D.Japancan’tpublishstampstomarkthosegames.

5.Whatmayappear（出现）onthestampsoftheWhiteOlympics?

A.Basketball.    B.Tabletennis.  C.Football.          D.Skating.

4、  TheUnitedStateshasmanydifferentkindsofclimates（气候）.Onthenorthwestcoast（海岸）,thetemperaturechanges

verylittlebetweensummerandwinter,butthenorthcentral（中部的）stateshaveaverydifferentkindofclimate.Inthosestates,peoplewearlight

clothesinsummer,andtheyneedheavywoolenclothesinwinter.

   Inthesouthwestcoast,theclimateisrainyandwarmduringthewinter,butthesummerisdryandhot.

   InthenortheastoftheUnitedStates,summertemperaturesareverydifferentfromwintertemperatures.Summerisusuallyhot,andwinterisusuallycold.Springtemperaturesarewarm,andfalltemperaturesarecool.

   Yearsago,peopleinthecoldpartsoftheUnitedStatesdidn’toftengetfresh（新鲜的）vegetablesandfreshfruitsdur

ingthesummer.Today,however（然而），trucksandtrainscarryfruitsandvegetablesveryquicklytoallpartsoftheUnitedStates.Inthisway,Americans“sendtheirclimates”topeopleinotherstates.

 1.Thesummerandwintertemperaturesarealmostthesame_________.

   A.inthenortheasternstates

   B.onthenorthcentralstates

   C.inthewesternstates

   D.onthenorthwestcoast

 2.Theword“fall”inthispassagemeans________.

   A.drop    B.down    C.autumn      D.spring

 3.Todaypeople___________cangetfreshvegetablesandfr

uits.

   A.inthenorthcentralstates

   B.ineverypartoftheU.S.A.

   C.inthecoldpartsoftheU.S.A.

   D.inthesouthwestpartoftheU.S.A.

 4