学术综合英语Unit3.ppt

学术综合英语Unit3.ppt

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main,Unit3Traffic,2012,PartASectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformation,PaceCarInmotorsport,apacecarorsafetycarisacarwhichlimitsthespeedofcompetingcarsonaracetrackinthecaseofacautionperiodsuchasanobstructiononthetrack.Duringacautionperiodthepacecarentersthetrackaheadoftheleader.Withfew,exceptions,competitorsarenotallowedtopassthepacecarorothercompetitorsduringacautionperiod,andthepacecarleadsthefieldatapre-determinedsafespeed,Pre-listening,NewWordsandExpressions,BackgroundInformation,PartA,PartB,Listening,LISTENING,SectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformation,whichmayvarybyseriesandcircuit.Attheendofthecautionperiod,thepacecarleavesthetrackandthecompetitorsmayresumeracing.,Pre-listening,NewWordsandExpressions,BackgroundInformation,PartA,PartB,Listening,LISTENING,SectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformation,Pre-listening,NewWordsandExpressions,BackgroundInformation,PartA,PartB,Listening,DrivingSimulatorDrivingSimulatorsareusedforentertainmentaswellasintrainingofdriverseducationcoursestaughtineducationalinstitutionsandprivatebusinesses.Theyarealsousedforresearchpurposesintheareaofhumanfactorsandmedicalresearch,tomonitor,driversbehavior,performance,andattentionandinthecarindustrytodesignandevaluatenewvehiclesornewadvanceddriverassistancesystems.,LISTENING,SectionAtollbridges,motorsport:

acollectionofsportswhichprimarilyinvolvetheuseofmotorizedvehicles,suchasmotorcycleracing,truckracingandmotorboatracing.,PartA,PartB,LISTENING,SectionAfueltax,advanceddriverassistancesystem:

asystemtohelpthedriverinitsdrivingprocess.WhendesignedwithasafeHuman-MachineInterface,itshouldincreasecarsafetyandmoregenerallyroadsafety.,PartA,PartB,LISTENING,SectionA.NewWordsandExpressions,Pre-listening,NewWordsandExpressions,BackgroundInformation,PartA,PartB,Listening,pacecarprescribedcoursedrivingsimulatorinebriatedrear-endingpickupspeedtheoverallflowoftrafficdriverperformancehands-freemodel,领驶车规定车道驾驶模拟器喝醉的追尾加速整个车流量驾驶员行为免提式,LISTENING,SectionAListenTask1,Pre-listening,Task1ListenandTakeNotes,Task2ListenforDetails,PartA,PartB,Listening,Anewsreporterisgoingtogiveareportonaresearchstudyondrivingwhiletalkingonacellphone.,LISTENING,SectionAListenTask1,Listentothereportandtrytogetitsmainideasbytakingnotes.Fillintheblanksaccordingtoyournotes.,Pre-listening,Task1ListenandTakeNotes,Task2ListenforDetails,PartA,PartB,Listening,1.Whatisthisnewsreportabout?

2.Whyisdrivingwhiletalkingonacellphoneworsethandrivingwhiledrunk?

Thisnewsreportisaboutdrivingwhiletalkingonacellphone.,__,Becausetheresearchfindsthatthosetalkingonaphonearemoresluggishandslowerinreacting.,__,LISTENING,SectionAListenTask1,Pre-listening,Task1ListenandTakeNotes,Task2ListenforDetails,PartA,PartB,Listening,3.Whoholdsthatdrivingwhiletalkingonacellphoneisworsethandrivingwhiledrunk?

4.Whenwasthisstatementmade?

TheresearchersattheUniversityofUtah,USA.,_,Inthesummerof2006.,_,LISTENING,SectionAListenTask1,Pre-listening,Task1ListenandTakeNotes,Task2ListenforDetails,PartA,PartB,Listening,5.Howwastheconclusionobtainedthatdrivingwhiletalkingonacellphoneisworsethandrivingwhiledrunk?

Usingadrivingsimulator,theresearcherscompared40peoplesdrivingabilitiesinthreegroups:

onthephone,drunk,andwithnodistractions.,_,LISTENING,Task2.1,Listentothereportagainandtrytoanswerthefollowingquestions.,Pre-listening,Listening,Task1ListenandTakeNotes,Task2ListenforDetails,PartA,PartB,1.Howdangerousisdrivingwhiletalkingonthecellphoneaccordingtothereport?

Itwillincreasethelikelihoodofanaccidentfive-fold.,2.Inwhatwayisdrivingwhiletalkingonthephonedifferentfromdrivingwhiledrunk?

Drunkdriversareaggressive,whilethosetalkingonthephonearemoresluggish.,LISTENING,Task2.2,Pre-listening,Listening,Task1ListenandTakeNotes,Task2ListenforDetails,PartA,PartB,3.Howmuchwilldrivingwhiletalkingonthephoneaffectthedriver?

4.Whatisthegovernmentalresponsetodrivingwhileonthecellphone?

Itwillreducethedriversreactiontimeby9percentinbrakingand19percentinpickingupspeedafterbraking.,Somestateshavemadelawstoprohibittheuseofcellphoneswhiledriving.,LISTENING,Task2.2,Pre-listening,Listening,Task1ListenandTakeNotes,Task2ListenforDetails,PartA,PartB,5.Isthegovernmentallegislationeffectiveandwhy?

Itisnoteffectivebecausethedriverswillusethehands-freemodel,whichisalsodangerous.,LISTENING,Script,PartA,PartB,DrivingWhileonaCellPhoneWorseThanDrivingWhileDrunk21:

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27EDTJune29,2006Thursday,June29Maneuveringthroughtrafficwhiletalkingonthephoneincreasesthelikelihoodofanaccidentfive-foldandisactuallymoredangerousthandrivingdrunk,U.S.researchersreport.Thatfindingheldtruewhetherthedriverwasholdingacellphoneorusingahands-freedevice,theresearchersnoted.,LISTENING,Script,PartA,PartB,“Asasociety,wehaveagreedonnottoleratingtheriskassociatedwithdrunkdriving,”saidresearcherFrankDrews,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofUtah.“Thisstudyshowsusthatsomebodywhoisconversingonacellphoneisexposinghimorherselfandotherstoasimilarriskcellphonesactuallyareahigherrisk,”hesaid.HisteamsreportappearsinthesummerissueofthejournalHumanFactors.Inthestudy,40peoplefollowedapacecaralongaprescribedcourse,usingadrivingsimulator.Somepeopledrovewhiletalkingonacellphone,others,LISTENING,Script,PartA,PartB,navigatedwhiledrunk（meaningtheirblood-alcohollimitmatchedthelegallimitof0.08percent）,andothersdrovewithnosuchdistractionsorimpairments.“Wefoundanincreasedaccidentratewhenpeoplewereconversingonthecellphone,”Drewssaid.Driversoncellphoneswere5.36timesmorelikelytogetinanaccidentthannon-distracteddrivers,theresearchersfound.Thephoneusersfaredevenworsethantheinebriated,theUtahteamfound.Therewerethreeaccidentsamongthosetalkingoncellphonesalloftheminvolvingarear-endingofthepacecar.In,LISTENING,Script,PartA,PartB,contrast,therewerenoaccidentsrecordedamongparticipantswhoweredrunk,orthesober,cell-phone-freegroup.Thebottomline:

Cell-phoneusewaslinkedto“asignificantincreaseintheaccidentrate,”Drewssaid.Hesaidtherewasadifferencebetweenthebehaviorsofdrunkdriversandthosewhoweretalkingonthephone.Drunkdriverstendedtobeaggressive,whilethosetalkingonthephoneweremoresluggish,Drewssaid.Inaddition,theresearchersfoundtalkingonthe,LISTENING,cellphonereducereactiontimeby9percentintermsofbrakingand19percentintermsofpickingupspeedafterbraking.“Thisissignificant,becauseithasanimpactontrafficasasystem,”Drewssaid.“Ifwehavedriverswhoaretakingalotoftimeinacceleratingoncehavingsloweddown,theoverallflowoftrafficisdramaticallyreduced,”hesaid.Inresponsetosafetyconcerns,somestateshaveoutlawedtheuseofhand-heldcellphoneswhiledriving.Butthattypeoflegislationmaynotbeeffective,becausetheUtahresearchersfoundnodifferenceindriverperformancewhetherthedriverwasholdingthephoneortalkingonahands-freemodel.,Script,PartA,PartB,LISTENING,Script,PartA,PartB,DrivingWhileonaCellPhoneWorseThanDrivingWhileDrunk21:

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27EDTJune29,2006Thursday,June29Maneuveringthroughtrafficwhiletalkingonthephoneincreasesthelikelihoodofanaccidentfive-foldandisactuallymoredangerousthandrivingdrunk,U.S.researchersreport.Thatfindingheldtruewhetherthedriverwasholdingacellphoneorusingahands-freedevice,theresearchersnoted.,LISTENING,Script,PartA,PartB,“Asasociety,wehaveagreedonnottoleratingtheriskassociatedwithdrunkdriving,”saidresearcherFrankDrews,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofUtah.“Thisstudyshowsusthatsomebodywhoisconversingonacellphoneisexposinghimorherselfandotherstoasimilarriskcellphonesactuallyareahigherrisk,”hesaid.HisteamsreportappearsinthesummerissueofthejournalHumanFactors.Inthestudy,40peoplefollowedapacecaralongaprescribedcourse,usingadrivingsimulator.Somepeopledrovewhiletalkingonacellphone,others,LISTENING,Script,PartA,PartB,navigatedwhiledrunk（meaningtheirblood-alcohollimitmatchedthelegallimitof0.08percent）,andothersdrovewithnosuchdistractionsorimpairments.“Wefoundanincreasedaccidentratewhenpeoplewereconversingonthecellphone,”Drewssaid.Driversoncellphoneswere5.36timesmorelikelytogetinanaccidentthannon-distracteddrivers,theresearchersfound.Thephoneusersfaredevenworsethantheinebriated,theUtahteamfound.Therewerethreeaccidentsamongthosetalkingoncellphonesalloftheminvolvingarear-endingofthepacecar.In,LISTENING,Script,PartA,PartB,contrast,therewerenoaccidentsrecordedamongparticipantswhoweredrunk,orthesober,cell-phone-freegroup.Thebottomline:

Cell-phoneusewaslinkedto“asignificantincreaseintheaccidentrate,”Drewssaid.Hesaidtherewasadifferencebetweenthebehaviorsofdrunkdriversandthosewhoweretalkingonthephone.Drunkdriverstendedtobeaggressive,whilethosetalkingonthephoneweremoresluggish,Drewssaid.Inaddition,theresearchersfoundtalkingonthe,LISTENING,cellphonereducereactiontimeby9percentintermsofbrakingand19percentintermsofpickingupspeedafterbraking.“Thisissignificant,becauseithasanimpactontrafficasas