英语句子成分分析.ppt
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句子成分,定义:
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分:
主语和谓语次要成分:
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,主语(subject)句子说明的人或事物,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,(名词)(代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(名词化的形容词)(句子),找出句中主语,Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.,(名词),(代词),(数词),(动名词),(不定式),(句子),(名词化的形容词),(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语),谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:
由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?
Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing,英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
及物动词(vt.):
及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。
如:
HereachedParis.不及物动词(vi.):
不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。
若要跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词。
如:
Look!
Sheissinging.Lookatmecarefully!
类似的还有:
agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.,既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。
如begin都是作“开始”讲。
Everybody,ourgamebegins.Letusbeginourgame.类似的还有:
start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.,误:
dealaproblem正:
dealwithaproblem处理问题误:
dependsb.正:
dependonsb.依靠(依赖)某人误:
insistdoingsth.正:
insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事,易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词:
误:
knockthedoor正:
knockonatthedoor敲门误:
operatesb.正:
operateonsb.为某人做手术误:
participatesth.正:
participateinsth.参加某事误:
refersth.正:
refertosth.查阅(参考)某物,误:
relysb./sth.正:
relyonsb./sth.依靠(依赖)某人某物误:
replyaletter正:
replytoaletter回信,1.Nomatterhowmuchyouvelearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhavehad,youmust_thepeopleheartandsoul.A.serveB.serveforC.servetoD.serveon,2.Thepupil_hisrighthand,obviouslyhopingto_toanswertheteachersquestion.A.roseriseB.raisedriseC.roseraiseD.raisedraise,Showyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?
-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
(名词),(代词),(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,(不定式),(动名词),(句子),宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.Hegavemesomebooks.,间接宾语,直接宾语,pleasepassmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.,(四)表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Imnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idontfeelatease.,系动词,1)状态系动词(be动词)例如:
Heisateacher.2)持续系动词keep,remain,stay例如:
Healwayskeptsilentatthemeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。
3)表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如:
Helookstired.他看起来很累。
4)感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste例如:
Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。
5)变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如:
Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后,他疯了。
6)终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”,“变成”之意例如:
Therumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。
注意:
系动词不用于被动语态.,(五)定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelfactory.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknowbettyssister?
Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(过去分词),定语后置:
如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?
(六)状语状语的功用:
状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.,Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.,Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?
Hemadehimselfknowntothem.,(六)宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。
这类常用的及物动词有:
make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,Sheaskedmetolendherahand.,同位语位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.,名词,代词,数词,从句,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,句子成份练习,1、Youshouldstudyhard.2、Theteachergotveryangry.3、Theboytoldmehisstory.4、Weelectedhimourmonitor.5、Itoldhimtoopenthewindow.6、Wewatchedthetrainleavingthestation.,状语,表语,间语+直宾,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,宾语+宾补,句子类型,句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:
1)陈述句(肯定、否定):
Heissixyearsold.Shedidnthearofyoubefore.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):
Dotheylikeskating?
Howoldishe?
Ishesixorsevenyearsold?
Marycanswim,cantshe?
3)祈使句:
Becareful,boys;Donttalkinclass.4)感叹句:
Howclevertheboyis!
2、按句子的结构可分三种:
简单句、并列句和复合句。
1)简单句:
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspapers.,简单句的五种基本句型:
一、主语不及物动词e.g.a.Wintercomes.b.Thisfactoryopenedin1989.二、主语及物动词宾语e.g.Shehasboughtanewhouse.,三、主语连系动词表语e.g.a.Shelookedworried.b.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachersintheschool.四、主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语e.g.Myfatherboughtmealotofbooks.五、主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语e.g.a.Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.b.Weconsiderhimverysmart.,2)并列句:
由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)复合句:
含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
复合句包含:
名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.,