第一讲 找词定位比对 全取细节理解题.docx
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第一讲找词定位比对全取细节理解题
专题一 四选一阅读理解
表一：
高考阅读的题材与体裁
篇目
语篇类型
主题语境
2020·
模拟卷
A
应用文
人与社会——去马德里
B
记叙文
人与社会——学校活动
C
说明文
人与社会——运动安全
D
说明文
人与自然——有机食物
2019·
卷Ⅰ
A
应用文
人与自我——暑期工作公告
B
记叙文
人与自我——增强自信
C
说明文
人与社会——智能键盘
D
说明文
人与社会——青少年心理健康
2018·
卷Ⅰ
A
应用文
人与社会——参观指南
B
记叙文
人与自我——省钱做美食
C
说明文
人与社会——语言的消亡
D
说明文
人与社会——新电器节能
表二：
高考阅读理解的题型分布
题型与题量
卷别
细节
理解题
推理
判断题
主旨
大意题
词义
猜测题
2020·模拟卷
7
5
2
1
2019
卷Ⅰ
6
6
2
1
卷Ⅱ
6
5
2
2
卷Ⅲ
7
6
1
1
2018
卷Ⅰ
7
5
2
1
卷Ⅱ
9
3
2
1
卷Ⅲ
9
3
2
1
2017
卷Ⅰ
7
6
1
1
卷Ⅱ
5
6
2
2
卷Ⅲ
6
6
2
1
阅读理解（含七选五阅读理解）在高考英语中所占分值最大（共50分），可以说“得阅读者得高考”。
因此，在考前复习中，阅读理解能力的培养和训练依然是重中之重。
本部分从高考阅读理解命题入手，剖析高考阅读理解的命题特点，并结合高考真题对高考常考题型进行解题指导，从而有效地提高解题的速度和准度。
文章题材丰富
从近几年的高考来看，高考语篇注重立德树人，突出文化品格，英语试卷中所有语篇围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题，题材涉及故事、科普、人文、社会现象、文化活动等。
短文体裁广泛
短文体裁包括记叙文（主要是人物或故事）、说明文（主要是最新研究成果或调查发现等科普类文章）、议论文（特别是社会现象和热点问题）、应用文（信息类或广告类文章）等。
题型分布不均
从整体来看，高考阅读理解的细节理解题占多数，推理判断题其次，然后是主旨大意题和词义猜测题，突出考查考生理解和运用语言解决问题的基本能力。
语篇特点鲜明
1.原汁原味：
高考语篇一般选自各大主流英文报刊和媒体网站，新材料尽量原汁原味。
2．词汇量大：
高考语篇词汇量丰富，含有大量的派生词、词性转换词、熟词生义词以及英语短语和习语。
3．长难句多：
高考语篇含有大量的长句和难句，句子结构复杂。
4．结构典型：
高考语篇的文章多为总分或分总结构。
A
（2020·模拟卷）
WhygotoMadrid?
Theremaybeaslightchill（寒冷）intheair，withtemperaturesstayingaround15℃inMarch，butSpain’shandsomecapitalisslowlystartingtowarmup.Evenmoreattractivearetheculturalevents.
AnewexhibitiononthelivingandworkingspacesofSpain’sgreatestartist，Picasso，hasjustopenedinthestudioattheFundaciónMapfreatPaseodeRecoletos23.Itrunsuntil11Maywithrarelyseenpiecesborrowedfromhisfamily.
Laterthissummer，the400thanniversaryofthedeathoftheRenaissance（文艺复兴）painterElGrecowillbemarkedwithanexcitingexhibitionattheMuseodelPradoatPaseodelPradofrom24Juneto5October.
Howtogo?
ThewidestrangeofflightsisofferedbyEasyJet—fromBristol，Edinburgh，Gatwick，LiverpoolandLuton.BritishAirwaysanditssisterairlineIberiacombineforcesfromHeathrowandLondonCity.RyanairfliesfromManchesterandStansted；AirEuropafliesfromGatwick.
Barajasairportis13kmnorth-eastofthecitycentreandisservedbyfrequenttrainsonMetroline8，buttheshortestundergroundjourneyisabitcomplexwithatleastonechangeatNuevosMinisteriosstationandtakesabout30minutes.Thefaretoanystationinthecitycentreis
4.50.Theairportexpressbusrunsevery15to35minutesaroundtheclock；
5oneway.Ittakes40minutestoreachthecitycentre.Ataxitakeshalfthetime.Aflatrateof
30coversmostofcentralMadrid.
1.WhenwilltheexhibitionaboutPicassoclose?
A.On23March.B.On11May.
C.On24June.D.On5October.
答案 B
2.WhichairlineoperatesflightsfromManchestertoMadrid?
A.EasyJet.B.Ryanair.
C.AirEuropa.D.BritishAirways.
答案 B
3.WhatisthefastestwaytoreachcentralMadridfromBarajasairport?
A.Takeataxi.
B.Takeacitybus.
C.TakeMetroline8.
D.Taketheairportexpressbus.
答案 A
B
（2020·模拟卷）Myschoolappearedonthenewslastweekbecausewehadmadeanimportantchangeinourlocalarea.Ourclasshadplantedalargegardeninwhatwasonceonlyavacantlot.Itwasalotofworkbutitwasallworthit.Igotblisters（水泡）fromdigging，andweallgotinsectbites，too.
Ilearnedalotaboutgardeningandcollaboration（合作），andthenIlearnedaboutthemedia.OurteachertelephonedtheTVstationandinformedthemofwhatwehadaccomplished.Shespokewiththeproducer.Theproducercheckedwiththedirectors，buttheysaidtherewereplentyofstoriessimilartoours.Theywantedtoknowwhatwasspecialaboutourparticulargarden，sincemanyschoolsplantthem.
Theteacherexplainedthat，aftergoingontheInternettolearnabouttheprairie（大草原）,wehadmadeaprairiegarden.Wehadgonetoaprairieandgottenseedsfromtheplants，andthenweplantedthem.Wedidnotwaterthegarden，butwedidweedit.Wedecidedtoletnaturewateritwithrain，sincethatwashowprairiesgrewinthepast.Wesentapictureofthegardentothenewsstation.Inthepicture，thegrasswassohighthatitstoodtallerthanthefourthgradestudents.
Asaresult，theproducersentareportertoourschool.Heinterviewedtheheadmasterandaskedhimmanyquestionsaboutthegarden.Afterthat，theyinterviewedus，andweexplainedtothemwhatwehadlearnedthroughthisproject.
Thatnight，wewatchedthenews，andtherewewere.Thenewsreportertoldourstory.Itwasonlytwominuteslong，butitwasus.Wewerefamous.Allthatwork，allthoseblisters，itwasworthit.Weknewthatwhenwesawthegardeneveryday，butnowweknewthatthewholecitythoughtso，too.
4.WhatseemedtobetheTVdirectors’initialreactiontothegarden?
A.Theywereexcited.
B.Theyweresurprised.
C.Theywereworried.
D.Theywereuninterested.
答案 D
5.Whatisspecialaboutthegarden?
A.Weedswereallowedtospreadnaturally.
B.Thegrassgrewfasterthancommongrass.
C.Theseedscamefromtheplantsofaprairie.
D.Undergroundwaterwasusedfortheplants.
答案 C
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”refertointhelastparagraph?
A.Wegotblistersonourhands.
B.Ourhardworkwasworthwhile.
C.Thegardenwouldbefamous.
D.Theprojectwouldbefinished.
答案 B
7.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheproject?
A.Annoyed.B.Curious.
C.Proud.D.Regretful.
答案 C
C
（2020·模拟卷）Headsup！
Acrossthecountry，sportsinjuriesareasafetyconcernforyoungathletes.Now，theAmericanMedicalAssociation（AMA）hasanewsetofguidelinesaimedatprotectingplayersfromthedangerofconcussions—seriousinjuriescausedbyablowtothehead.
“Byraisingawarenessoftheseriousrisksassociatedwithconcussionsandensuringthattheappropriateguidelinesareinplace，wecanreducethenumberofyoungathleteswhomayreturntothegametoosoon，whichcanputtheirhealthatfurtherrisk，”saidAMABoardMemberJackResneckJr.，M.D.，inastatement.
Thepolicyrecommendsthatyoungathleteswhomayhaveaconcussionbetakenoffthefieldassoonaspossible.Then，theyareonlytoreturntotheirsportwithadoctor’swrittenapproval.Thepolicyalsosetsage-specificrulesforhealthcareprofessionalsandathleticorganizationsinevaluatingandcaringforconcussions.
AccordingtotheCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDC），aconcussionisatypeoftraumatic（创伤）braininjurycausedbyabump，blow，orjolttotheheadorhittothebodythatcausestheheadandbraintomoverapidlybackandforth.Thistypeofmovementcancausethebraintobouncearoundortwistinsidetheskull（颅骨）.Itcandamagebraincellsandcreatechemicalchangesinthebrain.
TheCDCsaysthatbetween1.6millionand3.8milliontraumaticbraininjuriescausedbysportsandrecreation-relatedactivitiesoccurintheU.S.everyyear.AstudyfromtheCenterforInjuryResearchandPolicyshowedthatasmanyas40%ofhighschoolathletesreturntoplayingbeforetheyshould.TheAMA’snewguidelinesshouldhelptobringthosenumbersdown.
8.WhydoestheAMAsetthenewguidelines?
A.Toraisesafetystandardsofsports.
B.Toprotectathletesfromconcussions.
C.Tosetrulesforhealthcareevaluation.
D.Tohelpplayersreturntothegamequickly.
答案 B
9.Whatshouldyoungathleteswhomayhaveaconcussiondo?
A.Avoidusingthehead.
B.Leavethefieldforever.
C.Gettreatmentintime.
D.Switchtoanothersport.
答案 C
10.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?
A.Whataconcussionis.
B.Whatcausesdamagetobraincells.
C.HowtheCDCworks.
D.Howaconcussioncanbeprevented.
答案 C
11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.RulesforSaferPlay
B.SportsInjuriesintheUS
C.AdvicetoAthletes
D.NewPoliciesforDoctors
答案 A
D
（2020·模拟卷）Organicfoodisverypopular.Itisalsoexpensive.Someorganicfoodcoststwiceasmuchasnon-organicfood，butnewparentsandpetownersarewillingtopayupto200%morefororganicfood.However，therearepeoplewhothinkitisawasteofmoney.
Thereisonemaindifferencebetweenorganicandnon-organicfood.Organicfarmsdonotuseagriculturalchemicals，suchaspesticides（杀虫剂）.Inmanycountriesorganicfoodshavespeciallabels.Theseguaranteethattheproductsarenatural.
Somepeoplethinkorganicmeanslocallygrown.Originallythiswastrue.Overtimeorganicfarmingbecamemoredifficult.Thedemandfororganicfoodgrewlargerthanthesupply.Smallcompanieshadtosellouttolargecompanies.Thereweren’tenoughorganicingredients（原料），suchasgrainandcattle.Thismadeitdifficultformanyorganiccompaniestostayinbusiness.Today，manylargecompanieshaveanorganiclineofproducts.
Isorganicfoodmorenutritious？
Thisispartofthedebate.Manyfarmersandconsumersbelieveitis.Theythinkagriculturalchemicalscausehealthproblemssuchascancer.Manyhealthprofessionalsdisagree.Fewstudiesprovethatorganicfoodspreventhealthproblems.Healthspecialistsworrymoreaboutbacteria（病毒），suchasE.coliandsalmonella.Thesecangetintocontactwithorganicandnon-organicfood.Doctorsrecommendwashingproduceverycarefully.Handlingmeatcarefullyisimportanttoo.
Mostpeopleagreethatnaturallygrownfoodtastesbetter.Istastierfoodworththeextramoney？
Thisisamatterofopinion.Whetheritishealthierornotmayrequiremoreresearch.However，organicconsumersargueitisbettertobesafethansorry.
12.Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoforganicfoodconsumers?
A.Price.B.Safety.
C.Freshness.D.Variety.
答案 B
13.Whatisthedoctors’suggestion?
A.Growyourownfood.
B.Reducetheuseofpesticides.
C.Makesurethefoodisclean.
D.Buylargecompanies’products.
答案 C
14.Whichofthefollowingdomostpeopleagreeonorganicfood?
A.Ittastesbetter.
B.Itiseasiertogrow.
C.Itcontainsmorefat.
D.Itismorenutritious.
答案 A
15.Wheredoesthis
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