高考英语阅读理解文章结构图题.docx

高考英语阅读理解文章结构图题.docx

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高考英语阅读理解文章结构图题

D

Integrity

Integrityisthequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberight.Theconceptofintegrityhasplayedakeyroleinmoralphilosophythroughouthistoryandispromotedinallsocietiesbecauseofitsimportancetosocialrelations.Individualintegrityisvitaltosociety,onethatenablespeopletomakeuseoftheircapacityforcriticalreflection,doesnotforcepeopletotakeupparticularrolesanddoesnotencourageindividualstobetrayeachother.Besides,societiescanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.

Individualintegritycanliftupthespiritsoftheentiresociety.Itcanshapethelivesofpeoplelivinginaparticularsociety,thelivesofallfellowpeopleand,initsbroadestsense,eventhedestiny（命运）ofanation.Bycontrast,ifthoselivinginthesocietyarecorrupt,itcouldhavebadeffects,jeopardizingthehealthymoralityofthesociety.

Ontheotherhand,asocietycanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Societyexpectsandrequiresintegrity.Asocietyconsistingofpeopleofintegrity,andpeoplewhonevercompromiseontheirprinciples,couldhaveapositivemarkonthepersonaldevelopmentofitsmembers.Beingapartofsuchamorallylivelycommunitycouldserveasabasisforabsorbingtraitsofgoodcharacter.Thiscouldbeofadistinctadvantagetoanyindividualsinthesociety.

However,somesocialstructuresareofthewrongsortforsomeindividualstopursue（追求）integrity.Ifthatisthecase,wehavetoaskquestionsaboutthemoralnatureofsocietyfirstbeforeraisingquestionsaboutindividualintegrity.Questionsaboutintegritymayturnouttobeaboutwhatkindofsocietyitis,ratherthanabouttherelationshipbetweenindividualinterestsandcharacteristicsofasociety.Thepursuitofadequateindividualintegrityoftendepends,notsomuchonunderstandingwhooneisandwhatonebelievesandiscommittedto,butratherunderstandingwhatone’ssocietyisandimaginingwhatitcouldbe.

Undernocircumstancescanweunderestimatetheimportanceofhumanintegrityinasociety.People,whoarehonest,trustworthy,compassionateandcaring,arethefactorsdecisiveinthegrowthofindividualsaswellasthedevelopmentofasociety.

70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?

A.

B.

C.

D.

CP:

CentralPointP:

PointSp:

Sub-point（次要点）C：

Conclusion

参考答案：

A

C

Thefightisontogetridofairpollutioninourcities.Whilethebestsolutioninthelong-termwouldbetobanfossil-fueledcars,thatwon’thelpthemillionswhoaredyinginthemeantime,andsosomehigh-techsolutionsarenowonthecards.

InMarch2016,10Londonpigeonsbecamefamous.ThesepigeonstooktotheskyfromPrimroseHillinnorthLondon,wearingbackpacksmonitoringairpollution.Onceintheair,thebackpackssentliveair-qualityupdatestothesmartphonesoftheLondonersbelow.

Thepigeonsandtheirbackpackswerejustthelatestinaseriesofincreasinglydesperateattemptstomonitorandcontrolairpollution.London’sairpollutionproblemhasbeengettingworseforyears,anditoftenrisestomorethanthreetimestheEuropeanUnion’slegallimit.

AnotherpromisingapproachcanbefoundinBeijing,afterChinadeclareda“waragainstpollution”in2014.Aseven-metre-high“SmogFreeTower”,designedbyaDutchscientist,DaanRoosegaarde,openedinBeijing’s751DParkinSeptember2016.

Itisahuge,outdoorairpurifier.Airborneparticles（颗粒）aresuckedintothetowerwheretheyreceiveapositivecharge.Theparticlesarethencaughtbyanegativelychargeddust-removalplateandcleanairisblownoutoftheotherend.“Changingsmogparticlesdoesnottakemuchcurrent.”Roosegaardesaid.

AsforwhattodowiththecollectedPMwaste,hehascurrentlysetupabusinessmakingjewelleryoutofthewaste.PrinceCharlesownsasetof“smogfree”cufflinks（袖扣）.Ifcollectedonatabigscale,Roosegaardebelievesitcouldevenbeusedasabuildingmaterial.

MexicoCityhasanalternativesolution.LookingtoNaturetomaximizethesurfaceareaofabuilding,AllisonDring,aBerlin-basedarchitect,managedtocatchlightandwindfromallsides.Sheisnowmakingabuildingmaterialbyburningagriculturalcropby-productsintheabsenceofoxygen.“Itmeansthatyouareactuallytakingcarbon（碳）outofthesky,transformingitintoamaterial,andthenusingittobuild,”saysDring.

Thefightagainstoutdoorairpollutionisreallyjuststarting.Evenifnoneoftheideastakeoff,atleastPrinceCharles’cufflinks,thespecialbuildingsurfaceandpigeonswearingback-packswillhavebroughttheissuemoretothepublic’sattention.

66.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

P2

I

Sp2

Sp1

P3

C

P1

P2

I

Sp2

Sp1

P3

C

P1

A.B.

I

Sp2

Sp1

P2

C

P1

P2

I

P2P2

CC

P1P1

Sp2

Sp2

Sp1Sp1

C.D.

I:

IntroductionP:

PointSp:

Sub-point（次要点）C:

Conclusion

参考答案：

B

BenefitsofCross-CountrySkiing

Cross-countryskiingcanbeenjoyedbyawiderangeofstudents,fromtheyoungestkindergartnerstothosesecondarystudents.Itisreallyafunactivity,providingstudentsagentleworkoutoutsideinwinter.Whilehavingfun,studentscangainphysicalandmentalbenefits.

Thephysicalbenefitsofcross-countryskiingarewellknown.IfwelookatOlympiccross-countryskiers,wecanseethepositiveeffectsonthebodythatresultfromtrainingforcross-countryskiing.Theaveragebestfemalecross-countryskiercarries11percentbodyfat,and

bestmaleskierscarry5percent.Thesepercentagesarewellbelowtheaverageforpeoplewho

areconsideredtobeathletic-17percentforfemalesand10percentformales.Thehighnumberofcaloriesburnedwhileskiinghelpstokeepskierssliminahealthyandattractiveway.

Cross-countryskiingisalsoanefficientwaytoexercisealargenumberofmusclesatonce.Becauseskiersuseskipolesasame

ansofpropulsion,theforcethatdrivesskiersforward,theupperbodygetsmuchmoreofworkout.Ofcourse,thelegmusclesalsodotheirfairshare.Peoplewhousecross-countryskiingasaworkoutoverseveralweekswilldiscoverthatthemusclesoftheirentirebodyincreaseinstrength.

Cross-countryskiingonaregularbasishasatremendouseffectonaperson’scardiovascular

system.Inadditiontogainingstrengthinthemusclesoftheupperandlowerbody,peoplewhousecross-countryskiingasaworkoutmethodoverseveralweekswillalsodiscoverthattheirheartisstronger.Astrongheartpumpsmoreefficiently,sendingoutmorebloodtothemuscleswitheachcontraction（收缩）.Throughweeksofskiing,peopleoftendiscoverthattheirrestingheartratehasdecreased.HighlytrainedOlympiccross-countryskiershaverestingheartratesbetween28and40beatsperminute.Comparethattotherestingheartrateoftheaverageperson,whichis60to80beatsperminute!

Thebenefitsofcross-countryskiingextendbeyondoverallgeneralhealth.Alotofevidenceexistsindicatingthatregularphysicalactivityincreasesthereleaseofmood-liftingendorphins（内啡肽）inthebody.Afteroneoftheenergeticandfunskiinglessons,studentswillbesmilingandlaughing;theywillberelaxedandinabettermoodthanwhentheystartedclass.Studentswillleaveclasswithasenseofaccomplishment,knowingthattheyhavedevelopednewskillsinafunactivity.

Cross-countryskiingisagreatwaytoworkthetotalbody.Nowmoreandmorestudentsaretakingpartinthisexerciseoutsideduringthewintermonths.Theyareenjoyingitandbenefitingfromit!

66．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?

AB

CD

CP:

CentralpointP:

PointSp:

Sub-point（次要点）C:

Conclusion

参考答案：

C

D

Role-PlayinginChildDevelopment

Playingisakeycomponentinthelearningprocessforvirtuallyallofthechildren.Therearevariouswaysinwhichchildrenplay,butoneofthemostimportantisrole-playing.Thisinvolvesachildengaginginanactivityduringwhichheorshepretendstobeanotherperson.

Expertsonchilddevelopmentbelievethatrole-playingcanincreasetheconnectionsinchildren’sbrainsthathelpthemlearn.Languageskillsaresomeofthemostimportantaspectsoflearning.Whenchildrenrole-play,theymustworkoutstepsthatneedtobetakentocompleteatask,andcreateplanstoactoutastory.Theseactivitiesenablechildrentodeveloptheirorallanguageskills.Theybecomeabletoorganizeothersandtogivedirections.

Children’ssocialskillscanalsobedeveloped.Whenengagedingroupactivities,childrenhavedifferentroles.Someareleaderswhileothersarefollowers.Attimes,thechildrenwilldisagree,sotheymustlearntonegotiateandcompromisewithoneanother,andtheymustlearntoapologizewhentheyhavestrongargumentsordisagreementsaswell.Childrenfurtherlearnaboutcooperationandsharingand,hopefully,begintounderstandthingsfromanotherperson’spointofview.

Besideshelpingchildrenlearnsomekindsofskills,role-playingfosterschildren’simaginationsandcanthereforeassumeanumberofforms.Forexample,boysmaypretendtoshaveliketheirfathersorperformvarioustasksaroundtheirhomes.Girls,meanwhile,oftenpretendtobemotherstodosomedailytasks,particularlyifitinvolvescaringforyoungbabies.Sometimeschildrenmayimaginebelongingtoagroupofsuperheroesorimitate（模仿）real-lifesituations.Theymightdressupandassumedifferentroles.Anotherexampleistheperformingofstoriestheyreadinbooks,whichisalsoverycommonwhentheyrole-play.

Anotherbeneficialaspectofrole-playingisthatitcanhelpchildrendealwithcertainactionsthatmaycause