专八改错真题及答案Word文档格式.doc
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ownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhave
askedforPlush,andthisisparticularlytrueinthe8.______
aspectofaforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedby9.______
speakersofthelanguageyouarelearning,youcanaskthemdirectly,
butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthelearnerofEnglish.
Sodictionarieshavebeendevelopedtomendthegap.10.______
2014改错
Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.
Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions
(1)______
havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:
(2)______
lIsitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthe
samesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?
(3)______
lWhatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave(4)______
moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?
lWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?
lWhatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe(5)______
acquisitionofadditionallanguages?
lWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthe
learningofadditionallanguages?
Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall(6)______
theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhave
onethingincommon:
Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiring
ofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo(7)______
so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditional
language,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder(8)______
focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofan
individual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesare
involving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning(9)______
oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntinthe
classroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.(10)______
2013专八短文改错试题.
Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocesses
involvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,
productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith
(1)_____
listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.
Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually
(2)______
happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.(3)______
Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,(4)______
younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptional
circumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity(5)______
involved:
ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;
ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced(6)______
theirlanguage;
ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;
if(7)______
wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;
or
ifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeet
anyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples(8)______
ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”
revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,(9)______
listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesses
werenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful(10)______
experimentstogetatwhatishappening.
2012年
Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst
(1)______
centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywriters
favouredcertainkindof“free”translation:
thespirit,nottheletter;
the
(2)_______
sensenottheword;
themessagerathertheform;
thematternot(3)_______
themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho(4)_______
wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th(5)_______
century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthat
thelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage(6)_______
wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible(7)_______
gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas(8)_______
literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe(9)_______
extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.
Theargumentwastheoretical:
thepurposeofthetranslation,the
natureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too
often,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwith
eachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.(10)_____
2011年专八真题改错部分
Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,Iknew
thatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout
1__________
seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidso
withtheconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat
2___________
soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks.
3___________
Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears
4__________
oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.For
thisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondeveloped
disagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy
5_____________
schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'
shabitofmakingupstoriesand
holdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom
6_________
theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof
7________
beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwords
andapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated
8________
asortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure
9________
ineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofserious—i.e.seriously
10________
intended—writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodand
boyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirst
poemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.
2010年专八真题改错部分
Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequally
completeandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:
thatis,
everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay
1________________
thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.
2________________
Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive
3________________
peoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notall
groupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsor
psychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe
4_____________
faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakabout
snowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin
5______________
English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthose
sometimesmiscalled'
primitive'
)isinherentlymorepreciseand
subtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect
6______________
inEnglish,ashowofunexpected'
primitiveness'
.Thepositionis
simplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar
7____________
environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms
8____________
fordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhich
Englishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.
9_____________
Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguage
couldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufacture
orcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'
life.
10____________
2009
Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses
fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference
(1)___________
betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,
learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe
(2)___________
littlelistener
hasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,oreven
(3)____________
grandchildren.
Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeand
transmitting
itmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.Wit