人教版英语高二上学期综合检测卷三.docx
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人教版英语高二上学期综合检测卷三
2019年人教版英语高二上学期综合检测卷三
一、阅读理解(30分)
1.(6分) Petrolanddieselcarsmaystilldominate(影响)ourroads,buttheirdaysarenumbered.Arecentuniversitystudyfoundthatcurrentelectriccarscouldbeusedfor87percentofdailycarjourneysintheUS.Thatfigurecouldriseto98percentby2020.
Onehurdletothewidespreadadoptionofelectriccarshasbeen"rangeanxiety"—drivers'concernsaboutrunningoutofjuiceonajourney.Whilepetrolstationsareconvenientlylocatedacrossnationalroadsystems,thenecessarynetworkofelectricchargingstationsisstillbeingdeveloped.Infact,chargingpointsarebecomingincreasinglycommonthroughouttheUSA.
Attitudestowardselectricvehicleshavechangedquiteconsiderablyoverthelastfewyears.Notthatlongago,electriccarsmetwithdistrust,andtheirhighpricetagsdrovecustomersaway.Thankstoimprovementsinbatterycapacity,rechargingtimes,performanceandprice,thecurrentgenerationofelectriccarsisstartingtopersuadecritics.Plug-incarswillsoongiveinternalcombustionenginemodelsarunfortheirmoney.
Aswellasadvancementsontheroad,electricvehiclesaretakingtotheseaandsky.Electricboatsareamongtheoldestelectricvehicles,havingenjoyedseveraldecadesofpopularityfromthelate19thtotheearly20thcenturybeforepetrol-poweredoutboardmotorstookover.Now,theglobaldriveforrenewableenergysourcesisbringingelectricboatsback.Stepstowardselectricplanesarealsobeingmade,withAirbusandNASAamongtheorganizationsdevelopingandtestingbattery-poweredplanes.Theexperimentscouldsoonmakecommercialelectricflightareality.
Electricvehiclesdonotproduceanyemissions.WeretheUStoactonthestudy'sfindingsandreplace87percentofitscarswithelectricvehicles,itwouldreducethenationaldemandforpetrolby61percent.However,becauseoftheproductionprocessesandthegenerationofelectricityrequiredtochargethesevehicles,theycannotclaimtobecompletelyemission-free.Evenso,asmanycountriescontinuetoincreasetheiruseofrenewableenergysources,electricvehicleswillbecomeevencleaner.
(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?
A.MyDreamCar B.HistoryofElectricCars
C.ProblemswithPetrolCars D.DrivingintotheFuture
(2)Theunderlinedword"hurdle"inParagraph2means____.
A.aim B.barrier C.consequence D.step
(3)Inthepast,whydidmanypeoplerefusetobuytheelectriccarsaccordingtothepassage?
A.Theywerenotgoodvalue.
B.Theywereverypoorlymade.
C.Theywerenotwidelypromoted.
D.Theycouldn'ttravelatahighspeed.
(4)WhatisthefunctionofParagraph4?
A.Tointroducethehistoryofelectricvehicles.
B.Toexplainwhytheworldneedsmoreelectriccars.
C.Toshowwhymorepeoplehaveinterestinelectriccars.
D.Todescribedifferentwayselectricvehiclescanbeused.
2.(8分)
WhatCocktailPartiesTeachUs
You'reataparty.Musicisplaying.Glassesareclinking.Dozensofconversationsaredrivingupthedecibel(分贝)level.Yetamongallthosedistractions,youcantuneyourattentiontojustonevoicefrommany.Thisabilityiswhatresearcherscallthe"cocktail-partyeffect".
ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex(听觉皮层)justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.Theauditorycortexboostssomesoundsandturnsdownotherssothatwhenthesignalreachesthehigherbrain,"it'sasifonlyonepersonwasspeakingalone,"saysinvestigatorEdwardChang.
Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'tverygoodatmultitasking—ourbrainsarewiredfor"selectiveattention"andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.Thatinbornabilityhashelpedhumanssurviveinaworldbuzzingwithvisualandauditorystimulation(刺激).Butwekeeptryingtopushthelimitswithmultitasking,sometimeswithtragic(悲剧的)consequences.Driverstalkingoncellphones,forexample,arefourtimesaslikelytogetintotrafficaccidentsasthosewhoaren't.
Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto"inattentionalblindness",inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'tfocusingon.Themoreattentionataskdemands,thelessattentionwecanpaytootherthingsinourfieldofvision.Imageslandonourretinas(视网膜)andareeitherboostedorplayeddowninthevisualcortexbeforebeingpassedtothebrain,justastheauditorycortexfilterssounds,asshownintheNaturestudylastweek."It'sapush-pullrelationship—themorewefocusononething,thelesswecanfocusonothers,"saysDianeM.Beck,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinois.
StudiesoverthepastdecadeattheUniversityofUtahshowthatdriverstalkingonhands-freecellphonesarejustasinfluencedasthoseonhands-heldphonesbecauseitistheconversation,notthedevice,thatisdistractingtheirattention.Thosetalkingonanykindofcellphonereactmoreslowlyandmissmoretrafficsignalsthanothermotorists.
Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.
(1)WhathavescientistsinUniversityofCaliforniafoundabout"thecocktail-partyeffect"?
A.Usuallythereisonlyonepersonwhoisspeakingalone.
B.Allkindsofannoyingsoundsdriveupthedecibellevel.
C.Thehigherbrainprocessessoundsandimagesselectively.
D.Soundsaresortedoutbeforereachingthehigherbrain.
(2)Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?
A.Wearebiologicallyincapableofmultitasking.
B.Wesurvivedistractionsinlifebymultitasking.
C.Wecannotmultitaskwithoutextraattention.
D.Webenefitfrompushingthelimitwithmultitasking.
(3)Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"inattentionalblindness"?
A.Acarelessdriverlosthiseyesightafteracaraccident.
B.Policescannedthecrowdsandlocatedthecriminal.
C.Amanagertalkedonahands-freephonewithhisclient.
D.Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing(低头).
(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageisto____.
A.compareandcontrast B.informandexplain
C.argueanddiscuss D.examineandevaluate
3.(8分) Tostartaconversationaboutthesecrettohappiness,ABCNews'healtheditorDr.RichardBesserhostedaTwitterchatTuesday.ExpertsfromtheNationalInstitutesofHealth,MayoClinic,HarvardUniversityandTEDMED,aswellascliniciansandpeoplefromacrossthecountry,joinedtheone-hourdiscussion.Therearecountlesswaystomeasurehappiness.Withresearchonthetopicincreasing,researchershavecarriedoutsurveystostudypeople'ssenseofwell-being.
AngelaHaupt,healthandwellnesseditorforU.S.NewsandWorldReport,said,"Happinessindicatorsincludelifesatisfaction,healthandcommunityengagement."
@toddkashdanaddedthat,"despiteproblemswithself-reports,thereisnobetterwaytomeasurehappinessthanfocusingonpersonalthoughtsandfeelings."
Whilescientiststrytofindoutwhatcausedhappiness,othersoftenbelievethattruejoydoesn'texist.DrFriedman,apsychiatristatNewYorkPresbyterian-WeillCornellHospital,saidthat"happinessishardtomeasure,buteasytorecognize."
Still,commonthemesaboutsatisfactioncomeupintheseconversations.Findingmeaningindailyworkwasimportant.Indeed,researchershavefoundthathavingcreativeandpurposefulworktodoisakeyfactorinhappiness.Butpeoplewerequicktostatetheimportanceofbalancingworkandfamilyobligations.
Chatparticipants(参与者)agreedthatmoneydoesnotsurelybringhappiness.Andstudiesagreeoncepeople'sbasicneedslikefoodandhousingaremet,higherincomesdolittletoimproveyourhappiness.Atlast,peoplefoundvalueintheirconnectionswithothers.Researchshowsthathavingsupportthroughfriends,family,andsocialnetworkscanbringhappiness.Manyagreewith@drmommy,whosaid"Imeasuremyhappinessbythelovingpeoplethatarearoundme."
So,canweincreaseourhappiness?
Expressinggratitude(感激)isapossiblewayoffeelinghappiness.Researchershavefoundthatpeoplewhoregularlywritedownthingsforwhichtheyaregratefulin"gratitudejournals"haveincreasedsatisfactioninlife,higherenergylevels,andimprovedhealth.Inonestudy,peoplewhoreadaletterofappreciationtosomeoneintheirlivesprovehappieralmostonemonthlater.Performingactsofkindnesscanraiseyourmoods.
Datashowthatourrelationshipsmatter,too.Peoplewhoareinterestedinmeaningfulconversationswithfriendsorfamilyarereportedtobehappierthanthosewhodon't.Closeinterpersonaltiesandstrongsocialsupportareimportantforhappiness.
(1)DrFriedmanmayagreethat____.
A.happinesscanbemeasuredbyhealth
B.happinesscanneverbemeasured
C.it'seasytoseewhetheroneishappy
D.it'shardtoseekforhappiness
(2)Itcanbelearntthat@drmommymeasureshishappinessby____.
A.health B.purposefulwork
C.meaningfulwork D.friends'