英语演讲：Atoms for Peace（共27页）18000字.docx

英语演讲：Atoms for Peace（共27页）18000字.docx

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英语演讲：

AtomsforPeace

　　DwightD.Eisenhower:

"AtomsforPeace"

　　MadamPresidentandMembersoftheGeneralAssembly:

　　WhenSecretaryGeneralHammarskjold’sinvitationtoaddressthisGeneralAssemblyreachedmeinBermuda,IwasjustbeginningaseriesofconferenceswiththePrimeMinistersandForeignMinistersofGreatBritainandofFrance.Oursubjectwassomeoftheproblemsthatbesetourworld.

　　DuringtheremainderoftheBermudaConference,Ihadconstantlyinmindthataheadofmelayagreathonor.Thathonorisminetoday,asIstandhere,privilegedtoaddresstheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNations.

　　AtthesametimethatIappreciatethedistinctionofaddressingyou,IhaveasenseofexhilarationasIlookuponthisAssembly.Neverbeforeinhistoryhassomuchhopeforsomanypeoplebeengatheredtogetherinasingleorganization.Yourdeliberationsanddecisionsduringthesesomberyearshavealreadyrealizedpartofthosehopes.

　　Butthegreattestsandthegreataccomplishmentsstilllieahead.Andintheconfidentexpectationofthoseaccomplishments,Iwouldusetheofficewhich,forthetimebeing,Ihold,toassureyouthattheGovernmentoftheUnitedStateswillremainsteadfastinitssupportofthisbody.Thisweshalldointheconvictionthatyouwillprovideagreatshareofthewisdom,ofthecourage,andthefaithwhichcanbringtothisworldlastingpeaceforallnations,andhappinessandwell-beingforallmen.

　　Clearly,itwouldnotbefittingformetotakethisoccasiontopresenttoyouaunilateralAmericanreportonBermuda.Nevertheless,IassureyouthatinourdeliberationsonthatlovelyislandwesoughttoinvokethosesamegreatconceptsofuniversalpeaceandhumandignitywhicharesocleanlyetchedinyourCharter.Neitherwoulditbeameasureofthisgreatopportunitymerelytorecite,howeverhopefully,piousplatitudes.

　　Ithereforedecidedthatthisoccasionwarrantedmysayingtoyousomeofthethingsthathavebeenonthemindsandheartsofmylegislativeandexecutiveassociates,andonmine,foragreatmanymonths--thoughtsIhadoriginallyplannedtosayprimarilytotheAmericanpeople.

　　IknowthattheAmericanpeoplesharemydeepbeliefthatifadangerexistsintheworld,itisadangersharedbyall;andequally,thatifhopeexistsinthemindofonenation,thathopeshouldbesharedbyall.

　　Finally,ifthereistobeadvancedanyproposaldesignedtoeaseevenbythesmallestmeasurethetensionsoftoday’sworld,whatmoreappropriateaudiencecouldtherebethanthemembersoftheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNations.Ifeelimpelledtospeaktodayinalanguagethatinasenseisnew,onewhichI,whohavespentsomuchofmylifeinthemilitaryprofession,wouldhavepreferrednevertouse.Thatnewlanguageisthelanguageofatomicwarfare.

　　Theatomicagehasmovedforwardatsuchapacethateverycitizenoftheworldshouldhavesomecomprehension,atleastincomparativeterms,oftheextentofthisdevelopment,oftheutmostsignificancetoeveryoneofus.Clearly,ifthepeoplesoftheworldaretoconductanintelligentsearchforpeace,theymustbearmedwiththesignificantfactsoftoday’sexistence.

　　MyrecitalofatomicdangerandpowerisnecessarilystatedinUnitedStatesterms,forthesearetheonlyincontrovertiblefactsthatIknow.IneedhardlypointouttothisAssembly,however,thatthissubjectisglobal,notmerelynationalincharacter.

　　OnJuly16,XXXX年,theUnitedStatessetofftheworld’sfirstatomicexplosion.

　　SincethatdateinXXXX年,theUnitedStatesofAmericahasconductedforty-twotestexplosions.Atomicbombstodayaremorethantwenty-fivetimesaspowerfulastheweaponswithwhichtheatomicagedawned,whilehydrogenweaponsareintherangesofmillionsoftonsofTNTequivalent.

　　Today,theUnitedStatesstockpileofatomicweapons,which,ofcourse,increasesdaily,exceedsbymanytimesthetotal[explosive]equivalentofthetotalofallbombsandallshellsthatcamefromeveryplaneandeverygunineverytheatreofwarinalltheyearsofWorldWarII.

　　Asingleairgroup,whetherafloatorlandbased,cannowdelivertoanyreachabletargetadestructivecargoexceedinginpowerallthebombsthatfellonBritaininallofWorldWarII.Insizeandvariety,thedevelopmentofatomicweaponshasbeennolessremarkable.Thedevelopmenthasbeensuchthatatomicweaponshavevirtuallyachievedconventionalstatuswithinourarmedservices.

　　IntheUnitedStates,theArmy,theNavy,theAirForce,andtheMarineCorpsareallcapableofputtingthisweapontomilitaryuse.Butthedreadsecretandthefearfulenginesofatomicmightarenotoursalone.

　　Inthefirstplace,thesecretispossessedbyourfriendsandallies,GreatBritainandCanada,whosescientificgeniusmadeatremendouscontributiontoouroriginaldiscoveriesandthedesignsofatomicbombs.

　　ThesecretisalsoknownbytheSovietUnion.

　　TheSovietUnionhasinformedusthat,overrecentyears,ithasdevotedextensiveresourcestoatomicweapons.DuringthisperiodtheSovietUnionhasexplodedaseriesofatomicdevices,includingatleastoneinvolvingthermo-nuclearreactions.IfatonetimetheUnitesStatespossessedwhatmighthavebeencalledamonopolyofatomicpower,thatmonopolyceasedtoexistseveralyearsago.

　　Therefore,althoughourearlierstarthaspermittedustoaccumulatewhatistodayagreatquantitativeadvantage,theatomicrealitiesoftodaycomprehendtwofactsofevengreatersignificance.

　　First,theknowledgenowpossessedbyseveralnationswilleventuallybesharedbyothers,possiblyallothers.

　　Second,evenavastsuperiorityinnumbersofweapons,andaconsequentcapabilityofdevastatingretaliation,isnopreventive,ofitself,againstthefearfulmaterialdamageandtollofhumanlivesthatwouldbeinflictedbysurpriseaggression.Thefreeworld,atleastdimlyawareofthesefacts,hasnaturallyembarkedonalargeprogramofwarninganddefensesystems.Thatprogramwillbeacceleratedandexpanded.Butletnoonethinkthattheexpenditureofvastsumsforweaponsandsystemsofdefensecanguaranteeabsolutesafetyforthecitiesandcitizensofanynation.Theawfularithmeticoftheatomicbombdoesnotpermitofanysucheasysolution.Evenagainstthemostpowerfuldefense,anaggressorinpossessionoftheeffectiveminimumnumberofatomicbombsforasurpriseattackcouldprobablyplaceasufficientnumberofhisbombsonthechosentargetstocausehideousdamage.

　　ShouldsuchanatomicattackbelaunchedagainsttheUnitedStates,ourreactionswouldbeswiftandresolute.ButformetosaythatthedefensecapabilitiesoftheUnitedStatesaresuchthattheycouldinflictterriblelossesuponanaggressor,formetosaythattheretaliationcapabilitiesoftheUnitesStatesaresogreatthatsuchanaggressor’slandwouldbelaidwaste,allthis,whilefact,isnotthetrueexpressionofthepurposeandthehopeoftheUnitedStates.

　　Topausetherewouldbetoconfirmthehopelessfinalityofabeliefthattwoatomiccolossiaredoomedmalevolentlytoeyeeachotherindefinitelyacrossatremblingworld.Tostoptherewouldbetoaccepthelplesslytheprobabilityofcivilizationdestroyed,theannihilationoftheirreplaceableheritageofmankindhandeddowntousegenerationfromgeneration,andthecondemnationofmankindtobeginalloveragaintheage-oldstruggleupwardfromsavagerytowarddecency,andright,andjustice.Surelynosanememberofthehumanracecoulddiscovervictoryinsuchdesolation.

　　Couldanyonewishhisnametobecoupledbyhistorywithsuchhumandegradationanddestruction?

Occasionalpagesofhistorydorecordthefacesofthe“greatdestroyers,”butthewholebookofhistoryrevealsmankind’snever-endingquestforpeaceandmankind’sGod-givencapacitytobuild.

　　Itiswiththebookofhistory,andnotwithisolatedpages,thattheUnitedStateswilleverwishtobeidentified.Mycountrywantstobeconstructive,notdestructive.Itwantsagreements,notwars,amongnations.Itwantsitselftoliveinfreedomandintheconfidencethatthepeopleofeveryothernationenjoyequallytherightofchoosingtheirownwayoflife.

　　Somycountry’spurposeistohelpustomoveoutofthedarkchamberofhorrorsintothelight,tofindawaybywhichthemindsofmen,thehopesofmen,thesoulsofmeneverywhere,canmoveforwardtowardspeaceandhappinessandwell-being.

　　Inthisquest,Iknowthatwemustnotlackpatience.Iknowthatinaworlddivided,suchasourstoday,salvationcannotbeattainedbyonedramaticact. Iknowthatmanystepswillhavetobetakenovermanymonthsbeforetheworldcanlookatitselfonedayandtrulyrealizethatanewclimateofmutuallypeacefulconfidenceisabroadintheworld.ButIknow,aboveallelse,thatwemuststarttotakethesestepsnow.

　　TheUnitedStatesanditsallies,GreatBritainandFrance,have,overthepastmonths,triedtotakesomeofthesesteps.Letnoonesaythatweshuntheconferencetable.OntherecordhaslongstoodtherequestoftheUnitedStates,GreatBritain,andFrancetonegotiatewiththeSovietUniontheproblemsofadividedGermany.OnthatrecordhaslongstoodtherequestofthesamethreenationstonegotiateanAustrianpeacetreaty.OnthesamerecordstillstandstherequestoftheUnitedNationstonegotiatetheproblemsofKorea.

　　MostrecentlywehavereceivedfromtheSovietUnionwhatisineffectanexpressionofwillingnesstoholdafour-Powermeeting.Alongwithourallies,GreatBritainandFrance,wewerepleasedtoseethathisnotedidnotcontaintheunacceptablepre-conditionspreviouslyputforward.Asyoualreadyknowfromourjo