高考英语二轮复习考点讲义阅读理解科普知识与现代技术.docx

高考英语二轮复习考点讲义阅读理解科普知识与现代技术.docx

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高考英语二轮复习考点讲义阅读理解科普知识与现代技术

阅读理解-科普知识与现代技术

2.这种科普文章多为说明文，要求考生根据上下文语境逻辑推断其指代对象。

解题时应认真分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词的正确指代；判断正确的流程顺序、正确的生产方法、正确的机械配制。

解题时一定要认真阅读分析发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，以提高理解准确率。

分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，以便最终做出正确判断。

3.着重揭示自然界潜在奥秘，多解释性、定义性、说明性长句，甚至可能会出现多种从句叠现的现象，因此说明文时同学们一定要保持冷静，始终以平静的心态阅读原文，解答试题。

同时应认真分析长句句子结构和逻辑关系，这样才能对其做出准确理解。

4.科普文章因为其内容的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。

一般用言简意赅的文字介绍、解释事理。

一般来说，都写得条理分明，有一定的说明顺序和说明方法。

5.科普文的第一句通常为主题句，开宗明义、点明全文要说明的对象，如上所述，说明文的行文方式有其特点，即主要有比较、对照和分类几种格式，每篇短文以一种为主，有时几种兼用。

6.我们同时还要注意一些关于如何培养、知道学生、孩子的科普意识的建议方面的文章。

·链接高考

链接1.（2012山东卷）

Forthosewhoaretiredofdoingthelaundry,Samsunghasfoundananswer:

awashingmachinethatcantellyouwhenyourlaundryisdoneviaasmartphoneapp（application）.Strangethoughitmayseem—“mywifealreadydoesthat"wasacommonresponseamongattendeesviewingthedevicewhenitwasintroducedattheConsumerElectronicsShow（CES）thisweek-Samsungisjustoneofmanyappliancemake*racingtoinstall（安装）alargenumberofinternet-connectedfeaturesinmachinesinanefforttomakethem"smart."

Lastyear,itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear,it'sWi-Fi-enabledlaundrymachinesandfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad.

Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedaremotecontrol,sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownerisatworkoronthebus.

Samsungsaysit'snotjustsomethingnew-theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.

"Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemovingandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhenyoucomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo,”saidspokespersonAmySchmidt.

Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrates（电价）varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.

Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone,userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.

72.WhatcanbeinferredfromthecommonresponseoftheattendeesattheCES?

A.Themachinewillbeabigsuccess.

B.Theirwiveslikedoingthelaundry.

C.Themachineisunrelatedtotheirlife.

D.Thiskindoftechnologyisfamiliartothem.

73.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlaundrymachines?

A.Theycantellyouwhenyourclothesneedwashing.

B.Theycanbecontrolledwithasmartphone.

C.Theyaredifficulttooperate.

D.Theyaresoldatalowprice.

74.WecanconcludefromSamsung'sstatementsthat.

A.theappconnectionmakeslifeeasier

B.itisbettertodryclothesinthemorning

C.smartphonescanshortenthedryingtime

D.weshouldrefreshclothesbackathome

75.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Thelaundryshouldbefrequentlychecked.

B.Lazypeoplelikeusingsuchmachines.

C.Goodtechnologiesalsocauseproblems.

D.Televisionmayhelpdothelaundry.

链接2.（2012安徽卷）

InAsia,therearespecialcompetitionswherekiteshavecomplexdesignsandarefittedwithinstrumentsthatmakemusicalsoundsasthewindblowsthroughthem.Althoughallkiteshaveasimilarstructure（结构）,theyarewidelydifferentinsizeandshape.Kite-fightingcompetitionsarealsoheld,inwhichcompetitionsustheirkitestoattackandbringdowntheiropponents’（对手）kitesorcuttheirstrings（线）.

Formorethan15years,theBigWindKiteFactoryhasbeengivingkite-makingandkiteflyingclassesforthechildrenonanislandinHawaii.Initskite-makinglessons,studentscanmakekitesinaslittleas20minutes!

Childrenasyoungasfouryearsoldcanlearnhowtoflyakite.JonathanSocherandhiswifeDaphnestartedthekitefactoryin1980.theirkitesaremadeofnylon（尼龙）.TheirdesignsareHawaiianthemescreatedbyDaphne.Thedesignsarecutoutofthenylonwithahotknifethatsealstheedgesandthenfasteneddirectlyontothekite.

Thekitethatisusedtogivelessonsisregulardiamondkitewitharainbowpattern.Thedifferencebetweenthiskiteandtheonestheymakeduringthelessonsisthatitisatwo-stringcontrollablekite.BigWindemployeesflythekiteandforafewminutesshowstudentshowpullingononelineandthenontheothercontrolsthedirectionthekitegoesin.Thenthecontrolsaregiventothestudents

Jonathaninsiststhatitisnotnecessarytomakeahugeimpressivekitetohavefunmakingandflyingkites.Eventhesimpleststructurecanwork,andcangivehoursoffun.Goon,giveitatry!

68.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Ahotknifeisusedtoironthenylon.

B.Childrenneverflykitesontheirowninflyinglessons.

C.Kitestringsmustnotbecutinkite-fightingcompetitions.

D.DaphnedesignskitesfortheBigWindKiteFactory.

69.Whatisdifferentaboutthekiteusedforflyinglessons?

A.Ithastwostrings.B.Itissimpleindesign

C.Ithasarainbowpattern.D.Itisshapedlikeadiamond.

70.AccordingtoJonathan,whatdoyouneedtohavefunwithkites?

A.Alargekite.BAnytypeofkite.

C.Acomplexstructure.D.Akitethatimpressesothers.

71.Whatismainlydescribedinthetext?

A.AkitefactoryB.Kite-flyinglessons.

C.Specialcompetitions.D.Thekite-makingProcess.

【考点】日常生活类—科技说明文

【文章大意】。

本文讲的是由Jonathan和他的妻子组建的theBigWindKiteFactory的制造的各种各样的飞机和Jonathan给孩子们传授制造各种各样的飞机的课。

68.【答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。

根据文章第三段“JonathanSocherandhiswifeDaphnestartedthekitefactoryin1980.theirkitesaremadeofnylon（尼龙）.TheirdesignsareHawaiianthemescreatedbyDaphne.”可知D项正确。

【难度】较难

链接3（2012安徽卷）

Welcometoyourfuturelife!

Yougetupinthemorningandlookintothemirror.Yourfaceisfirmandyoung-looking.In2035,medicaltechnologyisbetterthanever.Manypeopleyouragecouldlivetobe150,soat40,you’renotoldatall.Andyourparentsjusthadananti-aging（抗衰老的）treatment.Now,allthreeoflookthesameage!

Yousaytoyourshirt,”Turnred.”Itchangesfrombluetored.In2035,“smartclothes”containparticles（粒子）muchsmallerthanthecellsinyourbody.Theparticlescanbeprogrammedtochangeclothes’colororpattern.

Youwalkintothekitchen.Youpickupthemilk,butavoicesays,”Youshouldn’tdrinkthat!

”Yourfridgehasreadthechip（芯片）thatcontainsinformationaboutthemilk,anditKnowsthemilkisold.In2035,everyarticleoffoodinthegrocerystorehassuchachip.

It’stimetogotowork.In2035,carsdrivethemselves.Justtellyour“smartcar”wheretogo.Ontheway,youcancallafriendusingyourjacketsleeve.Such“smarttechnology”isallaroundyou.

75.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Foodandclothingin2035.

B.Futuretechnologyineverydaylife.

C.Medicaltreatmentsofthefuture.

D.Thereasonforthesuccessofnewtechnology.

【考点】科幻类—说明文

【文章大意】。

本文讲的是对未来的生活吃，穿，住，工作等的描述。

72.【答案】D

【试题解析】文章的第二段“Theparticlescanbeprogrammedtochangeclothes’colororpattern.”可知答案。

【难度】一般

73.【答案】C

【试题解析】段落大意题。

根据文章第四段所讲的，当到厨房的时候，牛奶过期了，会有电子信息告诉你不能吃了。

故选C项。

【难度】一般

74.【答案】D

【试题解析】根据“It’stimetogotowork.In2035,carsdrivethemselves.Justtellyour“smartcar”wheretogo.”可知D项正确。

【难度】一般

75.【答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。

根据最后一段“Fornewtechnologytosucceed,”和后面的theinternet可知下一段将要讲的是科技。

故选B项。

【难度】一般

·专项训练

A

Inventor,physicist,surveyor,astronomer,biologist,artist…RobertHookewasalltheseandmore.Somesayhewasthegreatestexperimentalscientistofthe17thcentury.Inthecourseofhiswork,hecooperatedwithfamousmenofsciencelikeIsaacNewton,andthegreatarchitect,ChristopherWren.

Hooke’searlyeducationbeganathome,undertheguidanceofhisfather.

HeenteredWestminsterSchoolattheageof13,andfromtherewenttoOxford,wherehecameincontactwithsomeofthebestscientistsinEngland.Hookeimpressedthemwithhisskillsatdesigningexperimentsandinventinginstruments.In1662,attheageof28,hewasnamedCuratorofExperimentsatthenewlyformedRoyalSocietyofLondon—meaningthathewasresponsiblefordemonstratingnewexperimentsatthesociety’sweeklymeetings.Hookeacceptedthejob,eventhoughheknewthatthesocietyhadnomoneytopayhim!

himinappreciationofhisservicestothisbranchofscience.

1.WecaninferfromParagraph2thatHookeis____.

 A.friendly B.sociableC.creative D.helpful

2.WhypossiblydidHookeacceptthejobasCuratorofExperiments?

 A.Becausehisparentscouldn’taffordhiseducation.

 B.Becausehisfamilyneededhissupport.

C.BecausehewantedtopleasethefamousscientistsinEngland.

 D.Becausehelikeddesigningexperiments.

3.Thecellgotitsnamebecauseof____.

 A.itsuse B.itsshape C.Hooke’sfavorites D.Hooke’sexperiences

4.Thelastparagraphistoprovethat____.

A.Hookewasthegreatestexperimentalscientistofthe17thcentury

B.Hookewasgoodatmakingdiscoveries

C.Hooke’scontributionswerenotlimitedtoonefiled

D.Hookewasoneofthegreatestastronomers

5.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe____.

A.TheGreatestScientist

B.AHelperofNewton

C.ABriefIntroductiontoHooke

D.AchievementsofHooke

B

Childrenstartoutasnaturalscientists,eagertolookintotheworldaroundthem.Helpingthemenjoysciencecanbeeasy;there’snoneedforalotofscientifictermsorexpensivelabequipment.Youonlyhavetoshareyourchildren’scuriousness.Firstly,listentotheirquestions.Ioncevisitedaclassroomofsevenyearoldstotalkaboutscienceasajob.Thechildrenaskedme“textbookquestions”aboutschooling,salaryandwhetherIlikedmyjob.WhenIfinishedanswering,wesatfacingoneanothe