E5北师大考博英语真题.docx

E5北师大考博英语真题.docx

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E5北师大考博英语真题

E5---2011年北师大考博【英语真题.txt台湾一日不收复，我一日不过4级！

如果太阳不出来了，我就不去上班了；如果出来了，我就继续睡觉！

经典回复：

韶华博友

1.第一篇听力是执业咨询师给一个咨询者一些建议；第二篇听力是说如何减少房间内噪音的方法和经验；第三篇是说美国的造纸业？

（第三篇没听太懂）。

2.阅读的第一篇有点难，说的是妇女在生产力革命的背景下就业的境遇；第二篇第三篇第四篇都比较短，词句也短：

老年人和青年人的观念冲突；水在变成冰的条件和过程。

。

。

（记不太清了）；最后一篇和第一篇难度一致。

3.英译汉，有一个超长句，我译完了我也不知道自己在说什么：

大致是文艺复兴的源头是在中世纪就开始了

4.汉译英：

提笔忘字，呵呵，始终是打得最不靠谱的一道题；

5.summay：

一向的工整，清晰，挑主题句抄，不得法。

总结是比2010年难了，听力难度不变，阅读的难度集中于较长的文章（约两篇），汉译英难度不变，英译汉有超级长难句，summay稍稍比去年难一点点。

英译汉原题，凭记忆google出来的，出自一本书的前言：

ThesubjectsofthefollowingstudiesaretakenfromthehistoryoftheRenaissance,andtouchwhatIthinkthechiefpointsinthatcomplex,many-sidedmovement.

IhaveexplainedinthefirstofthemwhatIunderstandbytheword,givingitamuchwiderscopethanwasintendedbythosewhooriginallyusedittodenotethatrevivalofclassicalantiquityinthefifteenthcenturywhichwasonlyoneofmanyresultsofageneralexcitementandenlighteningofthehumanmind,butofwhichthegreataimandachievementsofwhat,asChristianart,isoftenfalselyopposedtotheRenaissance,wereanotherresult.Thisoutbreakofthehumanspiritmaybetracedfarintothemiddleageitself,withitsmotivesalreadyclearlypronounced,thecareforphysicalbeauty,theworshipofthebody,thebreakingdownofthoselimitswhichthereligioussystemofthemiddleageimposedontheheartandtheimagination.

Ihavetakenasanexampleofthismovement,thisearlierRenaissancewithinthemiddleageitself,andasanexpressionofitsqualities,twolittlecompositionsinearlyFrench

Summary原题，google出来的too，一个百科全书里的词条：

computer-assistedinstruction（CAI）,aprogramofinstructionalmaterialpresentedbymeansofacomputerorcomputersystems.

Theuseofcomputersineducationstartedinthe1960s.Withtheadventofconvenientmicrocomputersinthe1970s,computeruseinschoolshasbecomewidespreadfromprimaryeducationthroughtheuniversitylevelandeveninsomepreschoolprograms.Instructionalcomputersarebasicallyusedinoneoftwoways:

eithertheyprovideastraightforwardpresentationofdataortheyfillatutorialroleinwhichthestudentistestedoncomprehension.

Ifthecomputerhasatutorialprogram,thestudentisaskedaquestionbythecomputer;thestudenttypesinananswerandthengetsanimmediateresponsetotheanswer.Iftheansweriscorrect,thestudentisroutedtomorechallengingproblems;iftheanswerisincorrect,variouscomputermessageswillindicatetheflawinprocedure,andtheprogramwillbypassmorecomplicatedquestionsuntilthestudentshowsmasteryinthatarea.

Therearemanyadvantagestousingcomputersineducationalinstruction.Theyprovideone-to-oneinteractionwithastudent,aswellasaninstantaneousresponsetotheanswerselicited,andallowstudentstoproceedattheirownpace.Computersareparticularlyusefulinsubjectsthatrequiredrill,freeingteachertimefromsomeclassroomtaskssothatateachercandevotemoretimetoindividualstudents.Acomputerprogramcanbeuseddiagnostically,and,onceastudent'sproblemhasbeenidentified,itcanthenfocusontheproblemarea.Finally,becauseoftheprivacyandindividualattentionaffordedbyacomputer,somestudentsarerelievedoftheembarrassmentofgivinganincorrectanswerpubliclyorofgoingmoreslowlythroughlessonsthanotherclassmates.

Therearedrawbackstotheimplementationofcomputersininstruction,however.Theyaregenerallycostlysystemstopurchase,maintain,andupdate.Therearealsofears,whetherjustifiedornot,thattheuseofcomputersineducationdecreasestheamountofhumaninteraction.

Oneofthemoredifficultaspectsofinstructionalcomputersistheavailabilityanddevelopmentofsoftware,orcomputerprograms.Coursewarecanbeboughtasafullydevelopedpackagefromasoftwarecompany,buttheprogramprovidedthiswaymaynotsuittheparticularneedsoftheindividualclassorcurriculum.Acoursewaretemplatemaybepurchased,whichprovidesageneralformatfortestsanddrillinstruction,withtheindividualparticularstobeinsertedbytheindividualschoolsystemorteacher.Thedisadvantagetothissystemisthatinstructiontendstobeboringandrepetitive,withtestsandquestionsfollowingthesamepatternforeverycourse.Softwarecanbedevelopedin-house,thatis,aschool,course,orteachercouldprovidethecoursewareexactlytailoredtoitsownneeds,butthisisexpensive,time-consuming,andmayrequiremoreprogrammingexpertisethanisavailable.

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楼上的真厉害，你也google一下汉译英吧。

关于大英博物馆的，我可以确切告诉大家，大英博物馆正确译法是TheBritishMuseum

听力语速超快，而且2道题目之间间隔也短，需要高度集中精力去听，并最好提前浏览选项，确定听的重点。

汉语的除非能记住完整的一句话，否则搜索起来太难了，我刚才试了一下“大英博物馆、马克思、青铜、希腊、罗马”，结果搜出来一大堆。

而英语的题找到几个关键词就可以大概找出来了，我还在继续凭记忆找阅读理解的题，呵呵

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结冰条件的那道阅读理解我找到了，貌似是一道托福真或模拟题，见DeltasKeytotheNextGenerationTOEFLTest:

AdvancedSkillGoogle图书结果NancyGallagher-2005-StudyAids-699页

下边的这个是从一个论坛里复制过来的，题目与北师大考试的有一道不一样。

Twoconditionsarenecessaryfortheformationofice:

thepresenceofwaterandtemperaturesbelowfreezing.Iceintheatmosphereandonthegroundcanassumevariousforms,dependingontheconditionsunderwhichwaterisconvertedtoitssolidstate.Icethatformsintheatmospherecanfalltothegroundassnow,sleet,orhail.Snowisanassemblageoficepellets.Hailconsistsofroundedorjaggedlumpsofice,ofteninlayersliketheinternalstructureofanonion.Icealsoformsdirectlyonthegroundoronbodiesofwater,itmaynotformuntillatewinterbecausetheremustbeseveralmonthsoflowtemperaturestochillsuchlargeamountsofwater.

Onpuddlesandsmallponds,icefirstfreezesinathinlayerwithdefinitecrystalstructurethatbecomeslessapparentastheicethickens.Onlakeslargeenoughtohavewaves,suchastheGreatLakes,thefirsticetoformisathinsurfacelayerofslush,sometimescalledgreaseice,whicheventuallygrowsintosmallfloesmayfreezetogetherintoafairlysolidsheetofpackice.Packicemaycovertheentirelakeorberestrictedtoareasneartheshore.

Becausewaterexpandswhenitfreezes,iceislessdensethanliquidwaterandthereforefloatsratherthansinksinwater.Asicefloatsonthesurfaceofalake,ocean,orriver,itactsasaninsulatorandisthusimportantinmaintainingthebalanceoftheecosystem.Withouttheinsulatingeffectoffloatingicesheets,surfacewaterwouldloseheatmorerapidly,andlargebodiesofwatersuchastheArcticOceanandHudsonBaymightfreezeupcompletely.

Questions:

1.Whatconditionisnecessaryforwaterintheatmospheretochangetoitssolidstate?

A.Asolidcloudcoverthatabsorbsthesun'sheat.

B.Aweatherforecastforsnow,sleet,orhail

C.Apositiondirectlyabovealargebodyofwater

D.Atemperaturebelowwater'sfreezingpoint

2.Icethatformsintheatmosphereintheformoflayeredlumpsisknownas"F.

A.snow

B.packice

C.hail

D.greaseice

3.Whydoesiceformlateronverylargebodiesofwater?

AMostlargebodiesofwaterarelocatedatlowelevationsorlowlatitudes.

B.Ittakesseveralmonthsofcoldtemperaturestocoolalargebodyofwater.

C.Largebodiesofwaterarefedbyundergroundspringsofwarmerwater.

D.Thewavesonlargebodiesofwaterpreventthewaterfromfreezingquickly.

4.Theworditinparagraph3refersto

A.water

B.ice

C.surface

D.river

5.Whichofthefollowingisaneffectofthedensityofice?

A.Icethatformsonlargelakeshasagreasyconsistency.

B.Eachicecrystalisunique,butallaresix-sidedstructures.

C.Packiceisrestrictedtoareasneartheshoreofalake.

D.Floatingicesheetspreventbodiesofwaterfromlosingheat.

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代燃料的那道貌似是一道GRE考过的题，呵呵。

注意选项可能和考博的不一样，但大部分是差不多的，我实在记不清了，大家一起回忆一下。

Althoughrecentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles，thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Consequently，morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide，particulatematter，andozonethatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleaner-burningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgas，liquefiedpetroleumgas，ethanol，ormethanol.

Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesburnmorecleanlythangasoline，inpartbecausetheyhavefewer，ifany，carbon-carbonbondsandthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargermolecules，whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbondsinvolvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand，alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshavesetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiency—andliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.

Ethanolandmethanol，ontheotherhand，haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels:

theyhavehigherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement，butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol，thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol’smostattractivefeature，however，isthatit