四级阅读专项练习含答案汇编.docx

四级阅读专项练习含答案汇编.docx

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四级阅读专项练习含答案汇编

　In1993NewYorkStateorderedstorestochargeadepositonbeverage（饮料）containers.Withinayear.Consumershadreturnedmillionsofaluminumcansandglassandplasticbottles.Plentyofcompanieswereeagertoacceptthealuminumandglassasrawmaterialsfornewproducts.Butbecausefewcouldfigureoutwhattodowiththeplastic,muchofitwoundupburiedinlandfills（垃圾填埋场）.TheproblemwasnotlimitedtoNewYork.Unfortunately,thereweretoofewusesforsecond-handplastic.  

　　Today,oneoutoffiveplasticsodabottlesisrecycled（回收利用）intheUnitedStates.Thereasonforthechangeisthatnowtherearedozensofcompaniesacrossthecountrybuyingdiscardedplasticsodabottlesandturningthemintofenceposts,paintbrushes,etc.

　　AstheNewYorkexperienceshows,recyclinginvolvesmorethansimplyseparatingvaluablematerialsfromtherestoftherubbish.Adiscardremainsadiscarduntilsomebodyfiguresouthowtogiveitasecondlife-anduntileconomicarrangementsexisttogivethatsecondlifevalue.Withoutadequatemarketstoabsorbmaterialscollectedforrecycling,throwawaysactuallydepresspricesforusedmaterials.

　　Shrinkinglandfillspace,andrisingcostsforburyingandburningrubbishareforcinglocalgovernmentstolookmorecloselyatrecycling.Inmanyareas,theEastCoastespecially,recyclingisalreadytheleastexpensivewaste-managementoption.Foreverytonofwasterecycled,acityavoidspayingforitsdisposal,which,inpartsofNewYork,amountstosavingofmorethan$100perton.Recyclingalsostimulatesthelocaleconomybycreatingjobsandtrimsthepollutioncontrolandenergycostsofindustriesthatmakerecycledproductsbygivingthemamorerefinedrawmaterial.

　　36.WhatregulationwasissuedbyNewYorkStateconcerningbeveragecontainers?

　　A）Beveragecompaniesshouldberesponsibleforcollectingandreusingdiscardedplasticsodabottles.

　　B）Throwawaysshouldbecollectedbythestateforrecycling.

　　C）Afeeshouldbechargedonusedcontainersforrecycling.

　　D）Consumershadtopayforbeveragecontainersandcouldgettheirmoneybackonreturningthem.

　　37.ThereturnedplasticbottlesinNewYorkusedto________.

　　A）endupsomewhereunderground

　　B）beturnedintorawmaterials

　　C）haveasecond-lifevalue

　　D）beseparatedfromotherrubbish

　　38.Thekeyproblemindealingwithreturnedplasticbeveragecontainersis________.

　　A）tosellthemataprofitableprice

　　B）howtoturnthemintousefulthings

　　C）howtoreducetheirrecyclingcosts

　　D）tolowerthepricesforusedmaterials

　　39.Recyclingahsbecomethefirstchoiceforthedisposalofrubbishbecause________.

　　A）localgovernmentsfinditeasytomanage

　　B）recyclingahsgreatappealforthejobless

　　C）recyclingcauseslittlepollution

　　D）othermethodsaremoreexpensive

　　40.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.

　　A）rubbishisapotentialremedyfortheshortageofrawmaterials

　　B）localgovernmentsintheU.S.canexpectbigprofitsfromrecycling

　　C）recyclingistoberecommendedbotheconomicallyandenvironmentally

　　D）landfillswillstillbewidelyusedforwastedisposal

　　答案：

36.C37.D38.C39.B40.A

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowwellhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttorulersbyancientwriters,whorelatedhowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregiventoChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.Theparableofthissemianimal,semihumanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnatures,andthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.

Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andwhenthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbegood;but

astheyarebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegitimategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfilmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthemselvestobedeceived.

1.Theauthorofthepassagedoesnotbelievethat____.

A）peoplecanprotectthemselves

B）thetruthmakesmenfree

C）leadershavetobeconsistent

D）princesarehuman

2.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare____.

A）tootrustingB）strongandcareful

C）reliantonforceD）lackinginintelligence

3.Thefox,inthispassage,is____.

A）admiredforhistrickeryB）nomatchforthelion

C）pitiedforhistrickD）consideredworthless

4.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust____.

A）beprudentandfaithful

B）cheatandlie

C）haveprincipletoguidehisactions

D）tellthepeoplethetruthabouthisopponent

5.Thewriterwouldapproveanunsuccessfulpoliticalcandidate____.

A）gaveupallhisopportunities

B）promisedtotryagainnexttime

C）overthrewthegovernmentbyforce

D）toldthepeoplethetruthabouthisopponent

答案与解析：

1.D。

本文作者并不认为王子们属于人这一类。

本题考察对作者意图的理解。

因为作者认为bylaw是人类所用的斗争方式；byforce是动物采用的斗争方式。

而这些王子们只会themethodoffightingbyforce，故D）是正确答案。

2.C。

狮子代表那些力量型的人。

本题考察学生对明喻和隐喻的理解能力。

在这篇文章的第二段的开头，在狮子与狐狸之间有一个鲜明的对比，狮子不能躲过陷阱，而狐狸逃脱不了被狼袭击的命运，故我们能看出狮子是靠自己的力量。

3.A。

在本文中，狐狸的狡猾受到称赞。

本题考察对作者的意图的理解能力。

第二段的开头，作者也提到了狐狸能躲过陷阱和圈套，故狐狸在这篇文章中因为有计谋而受到称赞。

4.B。

作者提出，一个成功的领导人必须学会欺骗和说谎。

本题为推理判断题，需从上下文的含义中找答案。

从这篇文章的第二段的后半部分我们能够推断出B）乃此题之答案。

因为一个成功的领导人必须具备两手：

欺骗与说谎。

5.C。

作者会赞成一个不成功的政治候选人会用武力推翻政府。

本题为推理判断题，需根据作者意图去推断出答案。

从这篇文章的主题来看，是“文斗”或是“武斗”，对一个落选的政治家来说，文斗已经失败，而只能退而求其次，采取thestrugglingmethodbyforce也就是要推翻政府，故选C）。

Thefirstpre-electionpoll,or“strawvote”，asitwasthencalled，wasconductedbytheHarrisburgPennsylvanianbeforethe1824presidentialelection.Thisstrawvoteandthemanythatfolloweditreallyregisterednothingbutlocalopinion.However,ascommunicationsimprovedandelectionswerewonbycloserandclosermargins,newspapersandjournalstrieddesperatelytosatisfytheirreaders'curiosityinmorereliableways.

Beforethe1928elections,nofewerthaneighty-fivepublicationsmadeprivateinquiries,generallybymeansofquestionnaires（问卷、调查表）senttosubscribers（订户）andbytelephonesurveys.Theprinciplecommontoalltheseinquirieswasthattheydependedonquantityratherthanquality;littleeffortwasmadetoreachrepresentativesofallsegments（部分）ofthepopulation.Still,theerroneousbeliefpersistedthatthegreaterthenumberofquestionnaires,themoreaccuratetheresultswouldbe.TherecordwasheldbytheAmericanmonthlyLiteraryDigest,whichsentoutmillionsofpostcardswithshortandpointedquestionsbeforeeachelection,andreceivedmanyhundredsofthousandsofreplies.Infact,in1932,theLiteraryDigest'sforecastwasoffbyonly1percent.

Inviewofsuchstrikingachievements,it（粗鲁的）fortheyoungAmericanjournalist,GeorgeGallup,toclaimthatlargenumberswereirrelevant,andthatequallyaccurateorbetterpredictionscouldbemadewithasmallbutcarefullyselectedsampleofthepopulationandasmallteamofskilledinterviewers.

In1936,ittookGallupalongtimetoconvincethirty-fivenewspapereditorsthathissystemwasmuchcheaperthanthecustomarymassinquiriesandthatitcouldprovidesurprisinglyaccuratepredictions.Theeditorsfinallyagreed,onconditionthatifGallup'spredictionswerelessaccuratethanthoseobtainedbythetriedmethodoftheLiteraryDigest,hewouldhavetorefund（赔偿）theentirecostoftheinvestigation.AlthoughtheLiteraryDigestbrokeitsownrecordbyobtainingtwomillionrepliestoitselectoralpostcardsthatyear,itspredictionwaswrongby19percent,whereasGallup'swasoffbylessthan1percent.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthattheearliestpre-electionpollswere____inreflectingthepublicopinions.

A）meaningfulB）inaccurateC）satisfyingD）successful

2.Allofthefollowingarethecharacteristicsoftheinquiriesmentionedinthesecondparagraphexcept____.

A）alargenumberofquestionnairesweresentout

B）quantityratherthanqualitywasemphasized

C）almostnoeffortwasmadetointerviewpeoplefromeverywalkoflife

D）everypublicationinAmericagotinvolved

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinthebeginningthenewspapereditorswere____Gallup'ssystem.

A）doubtfulofC）displeasedwith

B）enthusiasticaboutD）indignantat

4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatintheearly1930s___

A）Gallupwasafamousjournalist

B）theLiteraryDigestlikedtobreakrecords

C）theliteraryDigestwasthebiggestmonthlyinAmerica

D）themethodoftheLiteraryDigestwaspopularandwell-received

5.Gallup'ssystemprovedtobe____.

A）muchcheaperB）agreatfailure

C）ahugesuccessD）muchcostly

答案与解析：

1.B 

文章的第一段告诉我们，最初的选举前的民意测验反映的仅仅是地方性的局部意见，由此可见它们在反映民意方面是不够准确的。

2.D 

从文章第二段可知，这些调查共同的特点是重量不重质，错误地认为发出去的问卷越