四级考试试题及参考答案四.docx

四级考试试题及参考答案四.docx

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四级考试试题及参考答案四

四级考试试题及参考答案（四）

PartIIReadingComprehension（35minutes）

Directions:

Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageONE

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.In'mostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents（答问卷者）listed"togivechildrenagoodstart'academically"asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathemetics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.

　　IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented（强调个性发展的）Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.

　　LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschools.

　　SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren'schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.

　　11.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericansbelieve

　　A）Japan'shighereducationissuperiortotheirs

　　B）Japan'seconomicsuccessisaresultofitsscientificachievements

　　C）Japanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstruction

D）JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparents

　　12.MostAmericanssurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto

　　A）parentalguidance

　　B）problemsolving

　　C）groupexperience

　　D）individually-orienteddevelopment

　　13.InJapan'spreschooleducation,thefocusison

　　A）tappingchildren'spotential

　　B）shapingchildren'scharacter

　　C）preparingchildrenacademically

　　D）developingchildren'sartisticinterests

　　14.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto

　　A）enrichchildren'sknowledge

　　B）cultivatechildren'screativity

　　C）broadenchildren'shorizon

　　D）lightenchildren'sstudyload

　　15.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity:

basedkindergartens?

　　A）Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.

　　B）Theycanbeindividuallyorientedwhentheygrowup.

　　C）Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirst-rateeducation.

　　D）Theycanaccumulatemoregroupexperiencethere.

　　PassageTWOQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Exerciseisoneofthefewfactorswithapositiveroleinlong-termmaintenanceofbodyweight.Unfortunately,thatmessagehasnotgottenthroughtotheaverageAmerican,whowouldrathertryswitchingto"light"beerandlow-caloriebreadthanincreasephysicalexertion.TheCentersforDiseaseControl,forexample,foundthatfewerthanone-fourthofoverweightadultswhoweretryingtoshedpoundssaidtheywerecombiningexercisewiththeirdiet.

　　Inrejectingexercise,somepeoplemaybediscouragedtoomuchbycaloric-expenditurecharts;forexample,onewouldhavetobrisklywalkthreemilesjusttoworkoffthe275caloriesinonedeliciousDanishpastry（小甜饼）.Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcedehalfapointhere."Exercisebyitselfisaverytoughwaytoloseweight,"saysYorkOnnen,programdirectorofthePresident'sCouncilonPhysicalFitnessandSports.

　　Still,exercise'ssupportingroleinweightreductionisvital.AstudyattheBostonUniversityMedicalCenterofoverweightpoliceofficersandotherpublicemployeesconfirmedthatthosewhodietedwithoutexerciseregainedalmostalltheiroldweight,whilethosewhoworkedexerciseintotheirdailyroutinemaintainedtheirnewweight.

　　Ifyouhavebeensedentary（极少活动的）anddecidetostartwalkingonemileaday,theaddedexercisecouldburnanextra100caloriesdaily.Inayear'stime,assumingnoincreaseinfoodintake,youcouldlosetenpounds.Byincreasingthedistanceofyourwalksgraduallyand　makingotherdietaryadjustments,youmayloseevenmoreweight.

　　16.WhatissaidabouttheaverageAmericaninthepassage?

　　A）Theyusuallyignoretheeffectofexerciseonlosingweight.

　　B）Theyprefer"light"beerandlow-caloriebreadtootherdrinksandfood.

　　C）Theyknowthefactorsthatplayapositiveroleinkeepingdownbodyweight.

　　D）Theytendtoexaggeratethehealthfuleffectof"light"beer.

　　17.Somepeopledislikeexercisebecause

　　A）theyfindithardtoexercisewhileonadiet

　　B）theydon'tthinkitpossibletowalk3mileseveryday

　　C）theythinkitisphysicallyexhausting

　　D）theyfindconsultingcaloric-expenditurechartstroublesome

　　18."Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcedehalfapointhere"（Line3,Para.2）means"They

　　A）arenotfullyconvincedthatdietingcanhelpmaintainone'snewweight

　　B）agreethatthecaloriesinasmallpieceofpastrycanbedifficulttoworkoffbyexercise

　　C）arenotsufficientlyinformedofthepositiveroleofexerciseinlosingweight

　　D）partiallybelievedietplaysasupportingroleinweightreduction

　　19.WhatwasconfirmedbytheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter'sstudy?

　　A）Weightreductionisimpossiblewithoutexercise.

　　B）Evenoccasionalexercisecanhelpreduceweight.

　　C）Controllingone'scalorieintakeismoreimportantthandoingexercise.

　　D）Onecouldlosetenpoundsinayear'stimeifthere'snoincreaseinfoodintake.

　　20.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle?

　　A）Tostresstheimportanceofmaintainingproperweight.

　　B）TosupportthestatementmadebyYorkOnnen.

　　D）Toshowthemosteffectivewaytoloseweight.

　　D）TojustifythestudyoftheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter.

　　PassageTHREE

　　Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Scratchythroats,stuffynosesandbodyachesallspellmisery,butbeingabletotellifthecauseisacoldorflu（~,~）maymakeadifferenceinhowlongthemiserylasts.

　　TheAmericanLungAssociation（ALA）hasissuednewguidelinesoncombatingcoldsandtheflu（流感）,andoneofthekeysisbeingabletoquicklytellthetwoapart.That'sbecausetheprescriptiondrugsavailableforthefluneedtobetakensoonaftertheillnesssetsin.Asforcolds,thesoonerapersonstartstakingover-the-counterremedy,thesoonerreliefwillcome.

　　Thecommoncoldandthefluarebothcausedbyviruses.Morethan200virusescancausecoldsymptoms,whilethefluiscausedbythreeviruses-fluA,BandC.Thereisnocureforeitherillness,buttheflucanbepreventedbythefluvaccine（~-~）,whichis,formostpeople,thebestwaytofighttheflu,accordingtotheALA.

　　Butifthefludoesstrike,quickactioncanhelp.Althoughthefluandcommoncoldhavemanysimilarities,therearesomeobvioussignstolookfor.

　　Coldsymptomssuchasstuffynose,runnynoseandscratchythroattypicallydevelopgradually,andadultsandteensoftendonotgetafever.Ontheotherhand,feverisoneofthecharacteristicfeaturesofthefluforallages.Andingeneral,flusymptomsincludingfeverandchills,sorethroatandbodyachescomeonsuddenlyandaremoreseverethancoldsymptoms.

　　TheALAnotesthatitmaybeparticularlydifficulttotellwheninfantsandpreschoolagechildrenhavetheflu.Itadvisesparentstocallthedoctoriftheirsmallchildrenhaveflu-likesymptoms.

　　Bothcoldandflusymptomscanbeeasedwithover-the-countermedicationsaswell.However,childrenandteenswithacoldorflushouldnottakeaspirinforpainreliefbecauseoftheriskofReyesyndrome（综合症），ararebutseriousconditionoftheliverandcentralnervoussystem.Reyesyndrome.

　　Thereis,ofcourse,novaccineforthecommoncold.ButfrequenthandwashingandavoidingclosecontactwithpeoplewhohavecoldscanreducethelikelihoodofCatchingone.

　　21.Accordingtotheauthor,knowingthecauseofthemiserywillhelp

　　A）preventpeoplefromcatchingcoldsandtheflu

　　B）thepatientobtaincheaperprescriptiondrugs

　　C）thepatientbuymedicineoverthecounter

　　D）shortenthedurationoftheillness

　　22.Welearnfromthepassagethat

　　A）over-the-counterdrugscanbetakentoeasethemiserycausedbyacoldortheflu

　　B）onedoesn't