四级真题第三套.docx

四级真题第三套.docx

《四级真题第三套.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《四级真题第三套.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

四级真题第三套

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstartingacareeraftergraduation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PartIIListeningComprehension（25minutes）

说明：

由于2018年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

PartⅢReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Afewmonthsago,Iwasdownwithaterriblecoldwhichendedinapersistentbadcough.Nomatterhowmanydifferent26Itried,Istillcouldn’tgetridofthecough.Notonlydidit27myteachingbutalsomylifeasawhole.Thenonedayafterclass,astudentcameuptomeand28traditionalChinesemedicine.Fromherdescription,Chinesemedicinesoundedasifithadmagicpowerthatworkedwonders.Iwas29becauseIknewsolittleaboutitandhaveneveritbefore.Eventually,mycoughgotsomuch30thatIcouldn’tsleepatnight,soIdecidedtogiveitatry.TheChinesedoctortookmypulseandaskedtoseemytongue,bothofwhichwerenew31tomebecausetheyarebothnon-existentinWesternmedicine.Thenthedoctorgavemeascraping（刮）treatmentknownas“GuaSha”.Iwasalittle32atfirstbecauseheusedasmoothedgedtooltoscrapetheskinonmyneckandshoulders.Afewminuteslater,the33strokesstartedtoproducearelievingeffectandmybodyandmindbeganto34deeperintorelaxation.Ididn’tfeelanyimprovementinmyconditioninthefirstcoupleofdays,butafterafewmoreregularvisitstothedoctor,mycoughstartedto35.Then,withinamatterofweeks,itwascompletelygone!

A）deepenI）remedies

B）experiencesJ）scared

C）hesitant

D）inconvenienceK）sensitive

E）lessenL）sink

F）licensesM）temporary

G）pressuredN）tremble

H）recommendedO）worse

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

　HowaPoor,AbandonedParisianBoyBecameaTopChef

A）Whenyoudropapieceoffoodonthefloor,isitreallyOKtoeatifyoupickitupwithinfiveseconds?

Anurbanfoodmythcontendsthatiffoodspendsjustafewsecondsonthefloor,dirtandgermswon’thavemuchofachancetocontaminateit.Researchinmylabhasfocusedonhowfoodbecomescontaminated,andwe’vedonesomeworkonthisparticularpieceofwisdom.

B）Whilethe“five-secondrule”mightnotseemlikethemostpressingissueforfoodscientiststogettothebottomof,it’sstillworthinvestigatingfoodmythslikethisonebecausetheyshapeourbeliefsaboutwhenfoodissafetoeat.

C）Soisfivesecondsonthefloorthecriticalthreshold（门槛）thatseparatesapieceofeatablefoodfromacaseoffoodpoisoning?

It’sabitmorecomplicatedthanthat.Itdependsonjusthowmanybacteriacanmakeitfromfloortofoodinafewsecondsandjusthowdirtytheflooris.

D）WonderingiffoodisstillOKtoeatafterit’sdroppedonthefloorisaprettycommonexperience.Andit’sprobablynotanewoneeither.Awell-known,butinaccurate,storyaboutJuliaChildmayhavecontributedtothisfoodmyth.Someviewersofhercookingshow,TheFrenchChef,insisttheysawChilddroplambonthefloorandpickitup,withtheadvicethatiftheywerealoneinthekitchen,theirguestswouldneverknow.

E）Infactitwasapotatopancake,anditfellonthestovetop,notonthefloor.Childputitbackinthepan,saying,“Butyoucanalwayspickitupandifyou’realoneinthekitchen,who’sgoingtoseeit?

”Butthemisrememberedstorypersists.It’shardertopindowntheoriginsoftheoft-quotedfive-secondrule,buta2003studyreportedthat70%ofwomenand56%ofmensurveyedwerefamiliarwiththefive-secondruleandthatwomenweremorelikelythanmentoeatfoodthathaddroppedonthefloor.

F）Sowhatdoessciencetellusaboutwhatafewmomentsonthefloormeansforthesafetyofyourfood?

Theearliestresearchreportonthefive-secondruleisattributedtoJillianClarke,ahighschoolstudentparticipatinginaresearchprojectattheUniversityofIllinois.Clarkeandhercolleaguesintroducedbacteriatofloortiles（瓷砖）andthenplacedcookiesonthetilesforvaryingtimes.Theyreportedbacteriaweretransferredfromthetilestothecookieswithinfiveseconds,butdidn’treportthespecificamountofbacteriathatmadeitfromthetilestothefood.

G）Buthowmanybacteriaactuallytransferinfiveseconds?

In2007,mylabatClemsonUniversitypublishedastudyintheJournalofAppliedMicrobiology.Wewantedtoknowifthelengthoftimefoodisincontactwithacontaminatedsurfaceaffectedtherateoftransferofbacteriatothefood.Tofindout,weintroducedbacteriatosquaresoftile,carpetorwood.Fiveminutesafterthat,weplacedeitherbaconorbreadonthesurfacefor5,30or60seconds,andthenmeasuredthenumberofbacteriatransferredtothefood.Werepeatedthisexactprocedureafterthebacteriahadbeenonthesurfacefor2,4,8and24hours.

H）Wefoundthatthenumberofbacteriatransferredtoeitherkindoffooddidn’tdependmuchonhowlongthefoodwasincontactwiththecontaminatedsurface—whetherforafewsecondsorforawholeminute.Theoverallnumberofbacteriaonthesurfacematteredmore,andthisdecreasedovertimeaftertheinitialintroduction.Itlookslikewhat’satissueislesshowlongyourfoodstaysonthefloorandmuchmorehowcontaminatedwithbacteriathatpatchoffloorhappenstobe.

I）Wealsofoundthatthekindofsurfacemadeadifferenceaswell.Carpets,forinstance,seemtobeslightlybetterplacestodropyourfoodthanwoodortile.Whenacarpetwascontaminated,lessthan1%ofthebacteriaweretransferred.Butwhenthefoodwasincontactwithtileorwood,45-70%ofbacteriawere.

J）Lastyear,astudyfromAstonUniversityintheUKusednearlyidenticalparameters（参数）toourstudyandfoundsimilarresults.Theyalsoreportedthat87%ofpeopleaskedeitherwouldeatorhadeatenfoodfallenonthefloor.

K）Shouldyoueatfoodfallenonthefloorthen?

Fromafoodsafetystandpoint,ifyouhavemillionsormorebacteriaonasurface,0.1%isstillenoughtomakeyousick.Also,certaintypesofbacteriaareextremelyharmful,andittakesonlyasmallnumbertomakeyousick.Forexample,10bacteriaorlessofanespeciallydeadlystrainofbacteriacancausesevereillnessanddeathinpeoplewithcompromisedimmunesystems.Butthechanceofthesebacteriabeingonmostsurfacesisverylow.

L）Andit’snotjustdroppingfoodonthefloorthatcanleadtobacterialcontamination.Bacteriaarecarriedbyvarious“media”,whichcanincluderawfood,moistsurfaceswherebacteriahavebeenleft,ourhandsorskinandfromcoughingorsneezing（打喷嚏）.Hands,foodsandutensils（器皿）cancarryindividualbacterialivingincommunitiescontainedwithinaprotectivefilm.Thesemicroscopiclayersofdepositscontainingbacteriaareknownasbiofilmsandtheyarefoundonmostsurfacesandobjects.Biofilmcommunitiescanharborbacterialongerandareverydifficulttoclean.Becteriainthesecommunitiesalsohaveanenhancedresistancetosanitizers（清洁剂）andantibioticscomparedtobacterialivingontheirown.

M）Sothenexttimeyouconsidereatingfallenfood,theoddsareinyourfavorthatyoucaneatitwithoutgettingsick.Butintherarechancethatthereisamicro-organismthatthereisamicro-organismthatcanmakeyousickontheexactspotwherethefooddropped,youcanbefairlysurethatthebugisonthefoodyouareabouttoputinyourmouth.

N）Researchorcommonsensetellsusthatthebestthingtodoiskeepyourhands,utensilsandothersurfacesclean.

36.Aresearchprojectfoundbacteriamadetheirwaytothefoodonthefloorinfiveseconds.

37.Whetherfoodiscontaminateddependsmuchonthenumberofbacteriathatgetontoit.

38.Foodcontaminationmayresultfromvariousfactorsotherthanfooddroppingonthefloor.

39.Malesarelesslikelythanfemalestoeatfoodthatmayhavebeencontaminated.

40.Theauthor’sresearchcentersaroundhowfoodgetscontaminated.

41.Keepingeverythingcleanisthebestwaytostayhealthy.

42.Chancesareyouwillnotfallsickbecauseofeatingfoodpickedupfromthefloor.

43.Foralongtimepeoplehavehadtheexperienceofdecidingwhetherornottoeatfoodpickedupfromthefloor.

44.Somestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequences.

45.Researchersfoundhowmanybacteriagotontothefooddidnothavemuchtodowithhowlongthefoodstayedonacontaminatedfloor.

SectionC

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestion