胡壮麟《语言学教程》测精彩试题及问题详解Word格式.docx

胡壮麟《语言学教程》测精彩试题及问题详解Word格式.docx

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3. 

Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is__________.

A.interrogative 

B.directive 

C.informative 

D.performative

4. 

InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

A.Interpersonal 

B.Emotive 

C.Performative 

D.Recreational

5. 

Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

A.Transferability 

B.Duality 

C.Displacement 

D.Arbitrariness

6. 

Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?

—Aniceday,isn’tit?

—Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

A.Emotive 

B.Phatic 

C.Performative 

D.Interpersonal

7. 

__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.Performance 

B.Competence 

C.Langue 

D.Parole

8. 

Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.

Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.

A.culturaltransmission 

B.productivity 

C.displacement 

D.duality

9. 

__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.

A.Psycholinguistics 

B.Anthropologicallinguistics

C.Sociolinguistics 

D.Appliedlinguistics

10. 

__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

A.Linguistictheory 

B.Practicallinguistics

C.Appliedlinguistics 

D.Comparativelinguistics

II. 

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11. 

Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.

12. 

Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

13. 

Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.

14. 

Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

15. 

Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.

16. 

Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

17. 

.DeSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.

18. 

AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.

19. 

Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

20. 

Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.

III. 

Fillintheblanks.（10%）

21. 

Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.

22. 

Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.

23. 

Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.

24. 

Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.

25. 

Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

26. 

Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27. 

Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.

28. 

Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

29. 

Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30. 

LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.

IV. 

Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31. 

Designfeature

32. 

Displacement

33. 

Competence

34.Synchroniclinguistics

V. 

Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35. 

Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?

（南开大学，2004）

36. 

Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?

（第二外国语大学，2004）

VI. 

Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37. 

Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?

（海洋大学，1999）

第二章：

语音

Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.

A.intonation 

B.tone 

C.pronunciation 

D.voice

Conventionallya__________isputinslashes（//）.

A.allophone 

B.phone 

C.phoneme 

D.morpheme

Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.

A.analogues 

B.tagmemes 

C.morphemes 

D.allophones

Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas__________.

A.glottis 

B.vocalcavity 

C.pharynx 

D.uvula

Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.

A.wide 

B.closing 

C.narrow 

D.centering

Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.

A.minimalpairs 

B.allomorphs 

C.phones 

Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

A.Acousticphonetics 

B.Articulatoryphonetics

C.Auditoryphonetics 

D.Noneoftheabove

Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

A.[n] 

B.[m] 

C.[b] 

D.[p]

Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

A.[i:

] 

B.[u] 

C.[e] 

D.[i]

Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A.Voiceless 

B.Voiced 

C.Glottalstop 

D.Consonant

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.

Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.

Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation.

[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.

Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.

Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.

Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.

Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.

ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.

Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.

Fillintheblanks.（20%）

Consonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,whileallvowelsoundsare__________.

Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing__________.

Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe__________andthelips.

Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe__________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised.

Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout__________.

Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating__________.

InEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.

__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.

__________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.

Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs.

Soundassimilation

Suprasegmentalfeature

Complementarydistribution

34. 

Distinctivefeatures

Whatisacousticphonetics?

（中国人民大学，2003）

Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation?

（南开04）

Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;

thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.Example:

voicedalveolarstop[d]dog.（海洋大学，1999）

（1） 

voic