高中情态动词讲解Modal-Verbs.ppt
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GrammarModalverbs(情态动词),Howmanymodalverbsdoyouknow?
1.can/could,2.may/might,3.must/haveto,4.shall/should,5.will/would,6.need/dare,7.oughtto,modalverbs,基本性质1.无人称和数的变化2.不能单独做谓语,Vm+V原/be=谓语3.常常无时态变化,无过去式4.还可表达感情和语气能力、建议、同意、主观推测、客观可能性、过去习惯、必要性、许可、预测、许诺、要求、意愿,1.must,cant1)must表示“必须”时,偏主观性,(haveto则偏客观)。
mustnt表“不准,禁止”。
Wemusteatabalanceddiettokeephealthy.Youmustnteattoomuchjunkfood.反义疑问句:
Wemustgivein,mustntwe?
Must提问的回答:
Mustwehandinourhomeworktoday?
Yes,youmust/haveto.No,youneednt/donthaveto.,2)must表示不服从,译为“非得,偏要”Whymustyoumakesomuchnoise?
你为什么非得弄出这么大动静来?
3)must表推测时,语气最强烈。
只用于肯定句,意为“一定”。
因:
否定句猜测语气最强烈的是cant(现在时)和couldnt(过去时),疑问句表猜测用can/could.Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.你努力学了一整天了,一定累了吧。
表对现在动作进行肯定推测时,must+bedoing/do,意为“肯定在.”.Youmustbekidding,arentyou?
否定句为:
Youcantbekidding.Canyoubekidding?
表对过去发生的事情的肯定推测时,用must+havedoneTheroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.路是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
此时,注意1.:
其反义疑问句与句子时间状语有关。
Thebeggarmusthavestarvedtodeath,hasnthe?
Thebeggarmusthavestarvedtodeathlastnight,didnthe?
Thebeggarmusthavebeenstarvedtodeathlastnight,wasnthe?
Thebeggarmusthavebeenstarvedtodeath,hasnthe?
与一般过去时连用的时间状语,注意2:
对过去情况的否定猜测用cant/couldnthavedone,其反义疑问句中助动词使用规则同上。
Theroadisdry.Itcanthaverainedheavilylastnight.练习:
1)-IsthereanexpresstraintoShanghai?
-Therebe.Imsure.-Therebe.ButImnotsure.2)Hemusthavefinishedreadingsofar,?
Hemusthavefinishedreadingbytheendoflastweek,?
must,may/might,hasnthe,hadnthe,2.can,could,can,could表能力Canyousinganddance?
Lucycouldplaythepianowellattheageof3.注:
can/could与beableto的区别都表能力,但beableto有更多时态变化,如is/was/willbe/hasbeen/hadbeen+ableto,而can只有一般过去时could.beableto指具备某能力,并且做成了某事,而can/could仅指具备某能力,不一定做成。
Hecouldswim.Buthewasnotabletosavethedrowinggirl.强调“经过一番努力才能完成”时用beableto,2)can/could表请求/许可,其中could更委婉-CouldIuseyourcomputer?
-Yes,youcan.3)can表客观的可能性,或一时的可能性,常译为“有时也可能”SpringcanberathercoldinYingtansometimes.鹰潭的春天有时也可能很冷。
4)表示惊讶、怀疑的态度,can常用于否定句和疑问句中,could无此限制。
Howcanyoubelievesuchaliarlikehim?
你怎么能相信他这样的骗子呢?
5)can/could表推测多用于否定句或疑问句。
Itssolate.CanTombereading?
这么晚了,汤姆还可能在看书吗?
ItcantbeMary.Shehasfallenill.这个人不可能是玛丽,她生病了。
Shecouldntbetellinglies.(一般过去时)她不可能在说谎。
cant/couldnthavedone表对过去行为的否定推测,意为“不可能已经”刚才我还看见他了,所以他不可能已经出国了。
Isawhimjustnowsohecouldnthavegoneabroad.can/couldhavedone表对过去行为的肯定推测,意为“本可以,本来可能已经”你本可以考得更好的。
Youcouldhavehadabettermark.,3.may/might1)表请求/许可,其中might更委婉-MayIhaveawordwithyou?
-Yes,youmay./-No,youcant/mustnt.2)表祝愿MayGodblessyou.愿上帝保佑你。
3)may/might表示推测时,可能性不大,只用于陈述句,其中might可能性更小。
表示对现在及将来动作的猜测,用may/might+V原她们明天可能会到这里来。
Theymaycomeheretomorrow.他们可能还在等我们呢。
Theymightstillbewaitingforus.,might/mayhavedone,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测。
他可能去医务室了。
Hemayhavegonetotheclinic.他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。
Hemighthavereadaboutthenewsinthenewspaper.,1)表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
2)表示意志、愿望和决心。
如:
Iwillneverdothatagain.Theyaskedifwewoulddothatagain.3)表习惯性动作或在某种条件下的某种倾向Hewillbereadytohelpyouifyouturntohim.Waterwillboilat100.,4.will/would,4)表过去习惯性动作,would与usedto.的区别would表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向“总是,总要”,不涉及现在。
usedto表过去常常(现在已没有这种习惯)usedto可与状态动词连用,would不可以Aftersupper,thefamilywouldtakeawalktogether.HeusedtoplaychessintheparkonSundays,butnotnow.e.g.Heusedtobeaquietboy.()Hewouldbeaquietboy.(),5.shall,should,oughttoshallshall在一、三人称的疑问句中,用来征求对方的意见。
如:
Shallwebeginourlesson?
Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?
shall用于二、三人称的陈述句中,表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻。
如:
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.YoushalldoasIsay.,表“应该”,且涉及法律、义务和规定时,用shallThefineshallbepaidincash.罚款应以现金缴纳。
2)Shouldshould表示劝告、建议、命令,译为“应该”,可用oughtto代替。
Youshould/oughttogotoclassrightaway.在疑问句中,用should而非oughtto。
如:
ShouldIopenthewindow?
should用于第一人称时可表说话者“谦逊、客气、委婉”的语气。
Youaremistaken.Ishouldsay.依我看,你是搞错了。
Why/How+should结构表意外、惊异等,常译为“竟会”。
Whyshouldyoumakesuchastupidmistake?
你怎么会犯下如此愚蠢的错误?
3)oughttooughtto常与should互换,但表“应该”时,语气比should重。
反义疑问句YououghttohavehelpedhimwithhisEnglish,shouldntyou?
Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed,oughtthey?
4)should/oughttohavedone过去应该做某事而没有做Youshouldhavewrittenwithapen,notapencil.Yes,IknowIoughttohave,butIhadnopentowritewith.,5)should/oughtnottohavedone过去本不应该做的事情却做了Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youshouldnthavelefthomewithoutaword.,6.need/dare1)二者皆即可为情态动词,又可为实义动词,2)needneed作实义动词时常用短语:
needtodosth需要做needdoing=needtobedone需要被Mycarneedsrepairing.我的车要修了。
neednthavedone“过去本不必做(实际上却做了)Youneednthavetoldhimthatsecret.注:
dontneedtodosth意为“没必要做”,注意对need问句的回答:
-NeedIfinishtheworktoday?
-Yes,_.No,_.No,_.3)dare作为实义动词时,用法为daretodosth.特殊句子:
Idaresay.我想。
youmust,youneednt,youdonthaveto,7.hadbetter,hadbetter+dosth.最好做2)表“应该”时,语气程度hadbettershouldoughtto。
hadbetter指一般性的建议,最弱。
should&oughtto含义相近,常可互换。
区别在于,oughtto常指特殊情况下的“应当”。
Should则指一般情况。
1.Ithoughtyou_likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.wouldD.must2.Whereismypen?
I_it.A.mightloseB.wouldhavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost,B,D,考题专练,3.Ididnthearthephone.I_asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen4.Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jack_behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.could,B,D,5.-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_acomfortablejourney.A.cantbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen,D,6.-Didthetrainarriveintime?
-No.It_twohoursago.A.musthavearrivedB.oughttohavearrivedC.mustarriveD.oughttoarrive,B,7.-MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?
”-No,_.”A.youshouldntB.youmightnotC.youneedntD.youmustnt,C,8.WedidntseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.He_it.A.mustnthaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.neednthaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattended,B,9.You_suchalongcomposition.Theteacheronlyaskedfor300words.Youhavewritten600.A.mustnthavewrittenB.couldnthavewrittenC.neednthavewrittenD.donothavetowrite,C,10.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor._itbeTom?
A.canB.mustC.shouldD.oughtto11.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyou_worryaboutparking.A.mustnotB.maynotC.shouldnotD.donthaveto,A,D,提高练习,1.(10安徽32)Jackdescribedhisfather,who_abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrongwilledmanA.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.musthavebeen,D,2.(10湖南23)You_buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.mustB.mustntC.havetoD.donthaveto3.(10江西23)Ihavetoldyouthetruth._Ikeeprepeatingit?
A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Will,D,A,4.Somepeoplewhodontliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;they_justbequietpeople.(2009安徽卷)A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.would,B,5.Oneofthefewthingsyou_sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.(2009北京卷)A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can,D,6.Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe_itdifferently.(2009江苏卷)A.couldexpressB.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressedD.musthaveexpressed,C,7.Itstheoffice!
Soyou_knoweatingisnotallowedhere.Oh,sorry.(2009湖南卷)A.mustB.willC.mayD.need8.Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?
There_betwelve.(2009全国卷I)A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.shall,A,A,9.Icantleave.ShetoldmethatI_stayhereuntilshecomesback.(2009全国卷II)A.canB.mustC.willD.may10.Hemustbehelpingtheoldmantowatertheflowers,_?
(2009陕西卷)A.isheB.isntheC.mustheD.mustnthe,B,B,11.It_havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.(2009上海卷)A.mayB.canC.mustD.should,C,12.-Willyougoskatingwithmethiswintervacation?
-It_.(2002上海)A.alldependedB.alldependsC.isalldependedD.isalldepending,解析:
答案B。
Italldepends是“不确定”、“看情况”的意思。
B,13.Ifailedinthefinalexaminationlasttermandonlythen_theimportanceofstudies.(2004重庆)A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize,解析:
答案为D.句首为“only+副词”时,句子要用部分倒装语序;根据语境应为一般过去时态。
D,14.-Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!
-_.(2004全国)A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI,答案B。
第一个句子使用了would,用neither表示附和的意义时,助动词应与上文一致。
B,Formoreexercises,clickhere.,Thanksforlistening!