连续油管专业词典.docx

连续油管专业词典.docx

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连续油管专业词典

Abandon:

Toceaseproducingoilorgasfromawellwhenitbecomesunprofitabletoproduce.

Accelerator:

Achemicalthatreducesthesettingtimeofacementslurry.

AccumulatorPrecharge:

Aninitialnitrogenchargeinanaccumulatorwhichisfurthercompressedwhenthehydraulicfluidispumpedintotheaccumulatorstoringpotentialenergy.

Accumulator:

Apressurevesselchargedwithnitrogengasandusedtostorehydraulicfluidunderpressureforoperationofpressurecontrolequipment.

AcidFracture:

Toopencracksinproductivehard-limestoneformationsbyusingacombinationofacidandoiloracidandwaterunderhighpressure.

AcidTreatment:

Amethodbywhichpetroleumbearingformationsareputintocontactwithanacidtoenlargetheporespacesandpassagesthroughwhichthereservoirfluidsflow.

Acre-foot:

Aunitofvolumeoftenusedinreservoiranalysis,equivalenttothevolumeoffluidnecessarytocoveroneacretoadepthofonefoot.

Additive:

Asubstanceorcompoundaddedinsmallamountstoalargervolumeofanothersubstancetochangesomecharacteristicofthelatter.

Admix:

toaddonematerialtoanotherbymixing.

Alkali:

anybaseorhydroxidehavingthefollowingproperties:

（1）solubilityinwater,

（2）thepowerofneutralizingacids,and（3）thepropertyofalteringthetintofmanycoloringmatters.

AmericanPetroleumInstitute:

theleadingstandardizingorganizationonoilfielddrillingandproducingequipment;abbreviatedAPI.

Anchor:

Anydevicethatsecuresoffastensequipmentsoitcannotmove.

Annularspace:

Thespacearoundapipeinawellbore,sometimescalledtheannulus,theouterwallofwhichmaybethewallofeitherthecasingorthehole.

Annulus:

（seeannularspace）

API:

（seeAmericanPetroleumInstitute）

AWRodThread:

Aparallelthreadwiththreethreadsperinch（3TPI）similartotheBWTHREAD

B.O.S.S.:

Tool:

BallOperatedShearSub,aballoperatedhydraulicreleasetool.Thistoolisusedtoreleasethecoiledtubingfromthebottomholeassemblyifitwastobecomestuck.

BackOff:

Tounscrewonethreadedpiecefromanother.（asasectionofpipe）

BackUp:

Toholdonesectionofanobjectwhileanotherisbeingscrewedintooroutofit.

Bacteria:

Alarge,widelydistributedgroupoftypicallyone-celledmicro-organisms.

Bactericide:

Anythingthatdestroysbacteria.

Bails:

Adevicemadeofcylindricalsteelbarsthatsupportstheelevatorsandconnectsthemtothetravelingblock.Incementingoperationsasingleunitofhighpressureironmadeupoftwoswivelsandshortpiecesofirondesignedtobeextremelyflexible.

BalancePoint:

Footageofcoiledtubingintheholewherethebuoyedweightofthetubingisequaltothewellpressureactingagainstthecross-sectionalarea.Note,thisisastaticconditionwiththepipefulloffluidanddoesnotincludefrictionalforcesofthestripperassemblyand/orpiperams,ifengaged.

BalancedPlug:

amethodofplacingaplug:

Preflush,cementslurry,andspacerfluidaredisplaceddownthedrillpipeortubingwithmuduntilthecementlevelisaboutequalintheannulusanddrillpipeortubing.Thepipeisthenpulled,leavingtheplug"balanced"inplace.

BallSealers:

Ballsmadeofnylon,hardrubber,acombinationofbothorbio-degradableproducts,designedtoshutoffperforations.

Ballooning:

Theincreaseindiameteranddecreaseinlengthoftubingduetotheeffectsoftemperaturechange,cyclingorhighinternalpressure.

BananaBlade:

AdesignofunderreamerbladethatenablesreaminginbothRIHandPOOHmode.Thenamereflectstheshapeandthedesignminimizestheriskofbecomingstuckduetooverlyingdebris.

Barrel:

Ameasureofvolumeforpetroleumproducts.Onebarrelisequivalentto42U.S.gallons.

Batch:

Aspecificquantityofmaterialthatistreated,processedorusedinoneoperation.

Bc:

（seeBeardenunitofconsistency）.

Beardenunitofconsistency:

astandardvalueofmeasurementonthefirmnessofacementslurry;abbreviatedBc.

BendingCycle:

Theactofstraighteningorbendingcoiledtubing.OnebendingcycleforthepurposeofCYCLEactuallyincludessixsuchbends,off,andthenbackontotheworkreel.

BHCT:

（seebottom-holecirculatingtemperature）.

BHP:

（seeBottomholepressure）

BHST:

（seebottom-holestatictemperature）.

BHT:

Bottomholetemperature

BlindRams:

Ramswhoseendsarenotintendedtosealagainstanycoiledtubing.Thesealagainsteachothertoeffectivelyclosethehole.

Blowout:

Anuncontrolledflowofpressurizedwellborefluidsand/orformationfluidsfromthewellboreorintolowerpressuredsubsurfacezones（undergroundblowout）.Ablowoutoccurswhenformationpressureisgreaterthanthepressureappliedtoitbythecolumnoffluidsinthewellbore.

BoilingPoint:

Thetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquidequalsthatofthesurroundinggasorvapor.

Bond:

Thestateofonematerialadheringorbeingjoinedtoanothermaterial.（ascementtoformation）

Boot:

ThebootprovidesasolidconnectionfrombarewirestotheKEMLONPINintheSWBPVbulkhead.Itconsistsofagoldplatedpincrimpedtothewire.ATeflonsleevetoprotectthepinandarubberboottocoverandsealtheconnection.

BOP:

Blowoutpreventer

Bottom-holeCirculatingPressure:

thepressureatthebottomofawellduringcirculationofanyfluid.Itisequaltothehydrostaticheadplustheannularfrictionlossrequiredtopumpthefluidtothesurfaceplusanybackpressureheldatthesurface.

Bottom-holeCirculatingTemperature:

thetemperatureofanyfluidatthebottomofawellwhileitisbeingcirculated;abbreviatedBHCT.

Bottom-holeFracPressure:

Thepressurerequiredattheformationfacetoruptureorfracturetherock.

Bottom-holePressure:

Thepressureinawellatapointoppositetheproducingformationasrecordedbyabottomholepressurerecorder.

Bottom-holeStaticPressure:

thepressureatthebottomofawellafterthewellisshutinlongenoughtoreflectambientformationpressure.

Bottom-holeStaticTemperature:

thetemperatureattainedatthebottomofawellafterthewellisshutin;abbreviatedBHST.

BottomsUp:

Acompletetripfromthebottomofthewellboretosurface.

BradenheadSqueeze:

theprocessbywhichhydraulicpressureisappliedtoawelltoforcefluidorcementoutsidethewellbore.

Bradenhead:

casinghead.

BreakCirculation:

Thepointatwhichcirculationisestablishedinawell.Pumpingdowntheworkstringandreturningthroughtheannulustothesurface.

BreakdownPressure:

theamountofpressureneededatthewellheadtorupturetheformationinafracturetreatmentorasqueezejob.

Breaker:

Achemicaladdedtoafracfluid.Usedtodegradethegelandchangeitfromahighviscositytoalowviscosityfluidtoallowforbetterflowback.

Bridgeplug:

Adownholetoolthatisrunandsetincasingtoisolatealowerzone.

Bridge:

Anobstructioninthewellboreortubularsinawell.

BridgingMaterial:

fibrous,flaky,orgranularmaterialaddedtoacementslurryordrillingfluidtoaidinsealingformationsinwhichlostcirculationhasoccurred.

Brine:

Waterthathasalargeamountofsaltdissolvedinit.

BullheadSqueeze:

methodofforcingwellfluidintoaformationaheadofthecementtocontaintheapplicationpressure.

Bullhead:

Anypumpingprocedureinwhichfluidispumpedintothewellagainstpressure.

Bumped:

Incementingoperations,pertainingtothepointatwhichthecementplugcomestorestonthefloatcollar.

Buoyancy:

theapparentlossofweightofanobjectimmersedinafluid.

BWRodThread:

Aparallelthreadwiththreethreadsperinch（3TPI）similartotheAWTHREAD.Thethreadissquarecutandisusedinapplicationsof1.75"ODthreadorgreater.

CarbonateRock:

Asedimentaryrockprimarilycomposedofcalciumcarbonate（limestone）orcalciummagnesiumcarbonate（dolomite）whichoftenmakeupourpetroleumreservoirs.

CasingCementingTemperature:

thetemperatureofacementslurrywhileitisbeingdisplacedatthemaximumcementingdepthinacasingcementingoperation.

CasingCementing:

thepracticeoffillingtheannulusbetweencasingandholewithcementtopreventfluidmigrationbetweenpermeablezonesandtosupportthecasing.

Casing:

steelpipeplacedinawellboreasdrillingprogressestopreventthewalloftheholefromcavinginduringdrilling,toprovideprotectionforsubsequentcasingortubingstringsandtoprovideameansofextractingpetroleumifthewellisproductive.

CasingHead:

aheavy,flangedsteelfittingthatconnectstothefirststringofcasingandprovidesahousingfortheslipsandpackingassembliesbywhichintermediatestringsofcasingaresuspendedandtheannulussealedoff[alsocalledaspool].

CementCasing:

Tofilltheannulusbetweencasingandopenholewithcementtosupportthecasingandpreventmigrationoffluidsorgasbetweenpermeablezones.

CementChanneling:

therisingofcementbetweenthecasingandtheboreholewallwhentheslurryfailstoriseuniformlythroughouttheannulus.

CementPlug:

aportionofcementplacedatsomepointinthewellboretosealit.

CementRetainer:

atoolsettemporarilyinthecasingorwelltopreventthepassageofcement1therebyforcingittofollowanotherdesignatedpath.Itisusedinsqueezecementingandotherremedialcementingjobs.

CementSystem:

thecombinationofmaterialswhichmakeupanoil-wellcementslurrychanneling（seecementchanneling）.

Cement:

apowdermadeoflimestone,clay,andsomeothermaterialsusedasmortarandconcrete.

CementingBasket:

acollapsibleorfoldingmetalconethatfitsagainstthewallsofthewellboretopreventthefallingofcement.

Cementing:

theapplicationofaliquidslurryofcementandwatertovariouspointsinsideoroutsidethecasing.

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