18全国人教版英语一轮讲义选修8 Unit 2Cloning.docx

18全国人教版英语一轮讲义选修8 Unit 2Cloning.docx

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18全国人教版英语一轮讲义选修8Unit2Cloning

选修8　Unit2　Cloning

　　Themediaareconstantlyexposingfoodsafetyproblems.Researchers,basedonthedataattained,madeaconservativeassumptionthat70%ofthefoodconsumersarevictimsofharmfulfood.Therearesomepeoplewhocan'tresistthetemptationofbecomingwealthy.Theyundertakeillegalactivitiesmerelytoobtaincommercialbenefits,withoutbotheringtocareaboutotherpeople'ssafety.Ithinkcompulsoryregulationsonfoodsafetymustbemadeandfoodproductionproceduresmustbestrictlymonitored.Weshouldobjecttoanyarbitrarychangeoftheregulations,forbiddinganyonetoaccumulatewealthinanimmoralway.

默写识记

◆默写单词

1．strikevi.&vt.　打；撞击；罢工

n.罢工

2．forbidvt.禁止；不准

3．owevt.欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于……

4．vainadj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的

5．bothervt.打扰

vi.操心

n.烦扰

6．castvt.扔；投；掷

7．retirevi.退休；离开

8．differvi.不同；相异

9．undertakevt.着手；从事；承担

10．objectvi.反对；不赞成

11．obtainvt.获得；赢得

12．resistvt.抵抗；对抗

◆记住词义

1．compulsoryadj.义务的；强迫的；强制的

2．drawbackn.缺点；不利条件

3．commercialadj.商业的；贸易的

4．straightforwardadj.简单的；直接的；坦率的

5．proceduren.程序；步骤；手续

6．arbitraryadj.任意的

7．assumptionn.假定；设想

8．attainvt.获得；到达

9．regulationn.规则；规章；法规

10．adorevt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱

11．accumulatevt.&vi.积累；聚积

12．initialadj.最初的；开始的

◆写出短语

1．payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清

2．castdown沮丧；不愉快

3．infavourof赞成；支持

4．（be）boundto（do）．..一定或注定（做）……

5．strike...intoone'sheart使……刻骨铭心

6．fromtimetotime不时；偶尔

7．bringbacktolife使复生；使复活

8．invain白费力气；枉费心机

9．ingood/poorcondition状况很好（坏）；情况很好（坏）

联想拓展

副词后缀ly

1．exactly准确地

2．instantly立刻

3．apparently明显地

4．obviously明显地

5．conveniently方便

否定前缀un

1．unable不能的；不会的

2．unreasonable不合理的；不公道的

3．uncomfortable不舒适的

4．unusual不寻常的；独特的

5．unfair不公平的

短语串记

1．payback偿还；报答；报复

2．payfor为……付钱

－－－－－－－－－－－

3．paydown付定金

4．fromtimetotime不时；偶尔

5．（every）nowand（every）then有时候

6．onceinawhile有时候；偶尔

7．attimes有时候；偶尔

－－－－－－－－－－－

8．infavourof（doing）sth.赞成（做）某事

9．infavourofsb./inone'sfavour

对某人有利

10．dosb.afavour帮某人一个忙

11．askforafavour请求帮助

－－－－－－－－－－－

12．incondition健康；状态良好

13．outofcondition不健康；不能使用

14．under...condition在……情况下

15．onconditionthat只要；条件是

16．under/onnocondition决不

经典例句

①Thebrainaccountsformerelythreepercentofbodyweight.大脑仅占体重的3%。

②Apparentlythegirlsarenotatallamusedbythewholebusiness.显然女孩们觉得整件事情一点也不好笑。

③She'ssoobviouslyclevererandprettierthanIam.她明显要比我聪明、漂亮得多。

④Sandrawasdeterminedtobecomeadoctorandherpersistencepaidoff.桑德拉决心成为医生，她的坚持取得了成功。

⑤I'llpayhimbackformakingmelooklikeafoolinfrontofeveryone.他让我当众出丑，我非治治他不可。

⑥Shehastoworkatweekendsfromtimetotime.她偶尔周末还得工作。

⑦Therewere247votesinfavour（ofthemotion）and152against.有247票赞成（这个议案），152票反对。

⑧CouldyoudomeafavourandpickupSamfromschooltoday？

今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？

⑨Youmustonnoconditiontellthemwhathappened.你决不能告诉他们所发生的事。

词汇异空间——派生词汇

原词

词义

派生词

词义

assumevt.

假定；设想

assumptionn．

1.假定；设想

exactadj.

精确的；准确的

exactlyadv.

2.确切地；恰好地；正是

decoratevt.

装饰；布置

decorationn．

3.装饰

differvi.

不同；相异

differentadj.

differencen．

4.不同的；与众不同的

5.差异；不同

objectvi.

反对；不赞成

objectionn．

6.反对；异议

correctvt.

改正；纠正

correctionn．

7.改正；修正；纠正

reasonn．

原因；道理；情理

reasonableadj.

8.合情理的；公道的

regulatevt.

调节；管理

regulationn．

9.规则；规章；法规

[原创]语境填空（用所给词的适当形式填空）

Whatifyourbosstellsyoutoadd1.decorations（decorate）toanewofficewithacolleaguewhooftenfindsfaultwithyou?

Certainlythisismerelyan2.assumption（assume）.It'scommonthatpeoplehold3.different（differ）viewsonthesameissue.Togettheworkdone,itisimportanttoraise4.objections（object）franklyratherthancoverupthedifferences.Nothingcouldbebetterthanputtingforwardamore5.reasonable（reason）solutionora6.correction（correct）proposal.Fullyexchangingideaswithyourcolleaguesisanessential7.regulation（regulate）weshouldfollow.Thisis8.exactly（exact）whatIwanttoexpressinthisarticle.

词法新图谱——核心词汇

●灵活多变的动词

词汇

词性

意义

现在分词

过去分词

differ

vi.

不同；相异

differing

differed

undertake

vt.

着手；从事；承担

undertaking

undertaken

obtain

vt.

获得；赢得

obtaining

obtained

forbid

vt.

禁止；不准

forbidding

forbidden

owe

vt.

欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于

owing

owed

retire

vi.

退休；离开

retiring

retired

bother

vt.&vi.

打扰；操心

bothering

bothered

strike

vt.&vi.

打；撞击；罢工

striking

struck/stricken

resist

vt.

抵抗；对抗

resisting

resisted

Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空（用所给词的适当形式填空）

RobertFrost,1.differing（differ）frommostoftheelderly,doesn'tenjoyhisoldageinpeaceafter2.retiring（retire）fromwork.Instead,he3.hasundertaken（undertake）thedutyofhelpingmaintaintheorderofhiscommunity.Accidentsusedtooccurherefrequently.Severalkids4.werestruck（strike）byprivatecars,which5.bothered（bother）mostoftheresidents.Robertcouldn'tresist6.joining（join）inhiscommunityvolunteerservice.Theytooksteps7.toforbid（forbid）drunkdriversfromdrivinginandout.Sincethen,noaccidenthaseverhappenedagain，8.owing（owe）toeffortsofvolunteerslikeRobert.Theythemselves9.haveobtained（obtain）therespectofallcommunityresidents.【导学号：

11470146】

Ⅱ.[原创]语境改错

ProfessorWhiteteachesmathsatauniversityandhasbeenobtainedcountlesshonoursinhis30yearsofteachinglife.Twoyearsago,hehadanarrowescapewhenhestrickenbyalorry.Buthegothisrightlegbroken,forbiddenhimtoengageinteachingactivities.Yesterdayhemadeadecisionretirefromworknextmonth.Thedecisionismostlyowetothefamily'spersuasionbuthesaysitneverbotherhim.Ofcourse,hefindshimselfunabletoresistfromtearsatthethoughtofleavingtheclassroomforever.

【答案】　

ProfessorWhiteteachesmathsatauniversityandhas

obtainedcountlesshonoursinhis30yearsofteachinglife.Twoyearsago,hehadanarrowescapewhenhe

strickenbyalorry.Buthegothisrightlegbroken,

himtoengageinteachingactivities.Yesterdayhemadeadecision

retirefromworknextmonth.Thedecisionismostly

tothefamily'spersuasionbuthesaysitnever

him.Ofcourse,hefindshimselfunabletoresist

tearsatthethoughtofleavingtheclassroomforever.

①differfrom“与……不同”；differin“在……方面不同”。

②retirefrom...“从……退休”。

③undertaketodosth.“答应做某事”；undertakesth.“着手/从事/承担某事”；undertakethat...“答应/承诺……”。

④strikesb.onthehead“打某人的头”；bestruckby“被……撞击；被……迷住”。

⑤bothersb.with/aboutsth.“为某事打扰或麻烦某人”；bothertodosth.“特意做某事”；Whybother？

“干什么这么费事？

”

⑥resistdoingsth.“抵制做某事”；can'tresistdoingsth.“忍不住做某事；情不自禁地做某事”。

⑦forbidsb.todosth.“禁止某人做某事”；forbidsb.fromdoingsth.“禁止某人做某事”；forbiddoingsth.“禁止做某事”。

⑧owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb.“欠某人某物”；owe...to...“把……归功于……”；owesb.anapology“该向某人道歉”；owesb.afavour“欠某人一个人情”。

●相依为命的词搭配

搭配

例释、联想、拓展

动介

objectto　　　反对；不赞成

breakthrough突围；突破

approveof（one'sdoing）sth.赞成（某人做）某事，同意（某人做）某事；subscribetosth.（用于疑问或否定句）同意某事，赞同某事；

动副

payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清

（be/feel）castdown沮丧；不愉快

passon传递；把……传递或传染下去

Malcolmseemedquitecastdown.

马尔科姆看上去也相当沮丧。

Istayedoffwork,asIdidn'twanttopassmycoldtoanyone.

我没有去上班，因为我不想把感冒传染给别人。

动名

strike...intoone'sheart使……刻骨铭心

openone'seyesto使某人认清或了解

Dan'sremarksopenedmyeyestothefactthathewasonlyinterestedinmymoney.丹的话使我认清了这一事实：

他只是对我的钱感兴趣。

介名

ingood/poorcondition状况很好（坏）

invain白费力气；枉费心机

beforsth.赞成某事；beagainststh.反对某事；infavourof赞成，支持；outofcondition健康状况欠佳；workingconditions工作环境；onconditionthat在……条件下，倘若；onnocondition一点也不；决不

Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空（填入一个适当的词）

FormonthsTomhadbeentryingtopersuadethesevillagerstomoveandliveinthecity.Manyoftheirhouseswere1.inbadcondition.However,thevillagersobjected2.toleavingtheirvillage,whichmadeTomfeelcast3.down.Hetalkedwiththelocalpeople.Theirwordsopenedhiseyes4.tothefactthattheydidn'twanttolosetheirlandwhichwaspassed5.ontothembytheirancestors.Hismonth'seffortsseemedtobe6.invain.Howcouldhebreak7.throughhisdilemma?

【导学号：

11470147】

Ⅱ.[原创]语境改错

WeiNingseemedtocastdownbecausehismotherobjectedwithhisplantobeavolunteer.Wordcamethatavillagewasdestroyedbyaterribleflood.Manypeoplewerekilledormissing,whichstrucksadnessonWei'sheart.Hewantedtooffersomehelp.Thereasonwhyhismotherdidn'tagreewasthathehadbeenatpoorconditionafteraterribledisease.Hisfatherwasinfavourhisplanbuthiseffortstomakethemotherchangehermindwereinavain.WeiNingstucktohisplanandhisdeterminationfinallywaspaidoff.Hismothergaveinandsheherselfdecidedtokeephimcompanytothevillage.

【答案】　

WeiNingseemedto

castdownbecausehismotherobjected

hisplantobeavolunteer.Wordcamethatavillagewasdestroyedbyaterribleflood.Manypeoplewerekilledormissing,whichstrucksadness

Wei'sheart.Hewantedtooffersomehelp.Thereasonwhyhismotherdidn'tagreewasthathehadbeen

poorconditionafteraterribledisease.Hisfatherwasinfavour

hisplanbuthiseffortstomakethemotherchangehermindwerein

vain.WeiNingstucktohisplanandhisdeterminationfinally

paidoff.Hismothergaveinandsheherselfdecidedtokeephimcompanytothevillage.

句法新天地——重点句型

完全倒装句；that同位语从句

[教材原句]　ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.

接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。

句中then位于句首采用了完全倒装结构；that引导同位语从句修饰名词news。

Thencamethedisturbingnewsthatthemissingplanecrashedintotheocean.

然后传来了失踪的飞机坠入大海的坏消息。

ThencametheexitingnewsthathegotthefirstmedalintheOlympicGames.

然后传来了他在奥运会中夺得首金的令人振奋的消息。

位于句首，采用全部倒装的常见句式还有：

here，there，now，away，out等副词。

Herecomesthebus.车来了。

Onhearingthebell,outrushedthestudents.一听到铃声，学生们就冲了出去。

halfthelengthof是……长度的一半

[教材原句]　A