英语语言学期末试题练习+答案.docx

英语语言学期末试题练习+答案.docx

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英语语言学期末试题练习+答案

英语语言学练习题

Ⅰ.Matching

MatcheachofthefollowingtermsinColumnAwithoneoftheappropriatedefinitionsinColumnB.

ColumnA

1.displacement

2.langue

3.suprasegmentalfeature

4.deepstructure

5.predicationanalysis

6.idiolect

7.pidgin

8.mistakes

9.interlanguage

10.motivation

11.arbitrariness

12.competence

13.broadtranscription

14.morphology

15.category

16.errors

17.componentialanalysis

18.context

19.blending

20.culture

21.learningstrategies

22.selectionalrestrictions

23.phrasestructurerules

24.culturediffusion

ColumnB

A.Learners’independentsystemofthesecondlanguage,whichisofneitherthenativelanguagenorthesecondlanguage,butacontinuumorapproximationfromhisnativelanguagetothetargetlanguage.9

B.Learner’sattitudesandaffectivestateorlearningdrive,havingastrongimpactonhiseffortsnlearningasecondlanguage.21

C.Therulesthatspecifytheconstituentsofsyntacticcategories.23

D.Throughcommunication,someelementsofcultureAentercultureBandbecomepartofcultureB.24

E.Apersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.6

F.Aspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.7

G.Thekindofanalysiswhichinvolvesthebreakingdownofpredicationsintotheirconstituents----argumentsandpredicates.5

H.Theyrefertoconstraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithwhatothers.22

I.ThestructureformedbytheXPruleinaccordancewiththehead’ssubcategorizationproperties.4

J.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.3

K.Thestudyoftheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesthatgoverntheruleofwordformation.14

L.Theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.2

M.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Itisoneofthedistinctivefeaturesofhumanlanguage.1

N.Learner’sconscious,goal-orientedandproblem-solvingbasedeffortstoachievelearningefficiency.10

O.Thetotalwayoflifeofapeople,includingthepatternsofbelief,customs,objects,institutions,techniques,andlanguagethatcharacterizesthelifeofthehumancommunity.20

P.Thecommonknowledgesharedbyboththespeakerandhearer.18

Q.Thewayofwordformationbywhichnewwordsmaybeformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords.19

R.Agroupoflinguisticitemswhichfulfillthesameorsimilarfunctionsinaparticularlanguage,suchasasentence,anounphraseoraverb.15

S.Awayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.Thisapproachbelievesthatthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents.17

T.Theidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.12

U.Oneofthepropertiesofhumanlanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds.11

V.Awaytotranscribespeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonly.13

W.Theyreflectgapsinalearner’sknowledgeofthetargetlanguage,notself-corrigible.16

X.Theyreflectoccasionallapsesinperformance.8

Ⅱ.Blank-filling.

Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.

1.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.”Thisquotationisagoodillustrationofthea____natureoflanguage.Arbitrary

2.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistoryisasynchronicstudy;thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisad____study.Diachronic

3.Chomskydefinesc____astheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.Competence

4.Intheproductionofvowelstheairstreamcomingfromthelungsmeetswithnoo____.Thismarkstheessentialdifferencebetweenvowelsandconsonants.Obstruction

5.Thedifferentphonesthatcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthea____ofthephoneme.Allophone

6.Allophonesofthesamephonemecannotoccurinthesamephoneticenvironment.Theyaresaidtobeinc____distribution.Complementary

7.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi____.Intonation

8.Them____unitofmeaningistraditionallycalledmorpheme.Minimum

9.I____morphemesareboundmorphemesthatareforthemostpartpurelygrammaticalmarkers,signifyingsuchconceptsastense,number,caseandsoon.Inflectional

10.Phrasesthatareformedofmorethanonewordusuallycontainthreeelements:

head,specifier,andc____.Complement

11.Concerningthestudyofmeaning,conceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto;rather,intheinterpretationofmeaningtheyarelinkedthroughthemediationofc____inthemind.concept

12.Thesenserelationbetween“animal”and“dog”iscalledh____.hyponymy

13.P____referstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.Polysemy

14.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthec____ofuseistakenintoconsideration.Context

15.S____referstothelinguisticvarietycharacteristicofaparticularsocialclass.Sociolect

16.WHOisana____derivedfromtheinitialsof“WorldHealthOrganization”.Acronym

17.AccordingtoHalliday,languagevariesasitsfunctionvaries;itdiffersindifferentsituations.Thetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetothetypeofsituationisar____.Register

18.Incross-culturalcommunication,someelementsofcultureAentercultureBandbecomepartofcultureB,thusbringingaboutthephenomenonofculturald____.Diffusion

19.Whilethefirstlanguageisacquireds____,thesecondorforeignlanguageismorecommonlylearnedconsciously.Subconsciously

20.Languagea______referstoanaturalabilityforlearningasecondlanguage.Acquisition

21.Vibrationofvocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalled“v”,whichisafeatureofallvowelsandsomeconsonantsinEnglish.Voice

22.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentarecalleds____features.Suprasegmental

23.Morphologyreferstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandrulesforwordf____.Formation

24.Theminimalunitofmeaningistraditionallycalledm____.Morpheme

25.Thesenserelationbetween“autumn”and“fall”iscalleds____.Synonym

26.H____referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.Homonymy

27.Indailycommunication,peopledonotalwaysobservethefourmaximsoftheco-operativeprinciple.Conversationali____wouldarisewhenthemaximsareflouted.Implicature

28.SARSisana____derivedfromtheinitialsof“SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome”.Acronym

29.I____isapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.Idiolect

30.RP,theshortformof“R____Pronunciation”referstotheparticularwayofpronouncingstandardEnglish.Received

Ⅲ.Multiplechoice.

Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.

1.____isconsideredtobethefatherofmodernlinguistics.

A.N.ChomskyB.F.deSaussure

C.LeonardBloomfieldD.M.A.K.Halliday

2.Inthescopeoflinguistics,____formthepartoflanguagewhichlinkstogetherthesoundpatternandmeaning.

A.morphologyandsyntaxB.phoneticsandsemantics

C.semanticsandsyntaxD.morphologyandsemantics

3.____studiesthesoundsfromthehearer’spointofview,i.e.,howthesoundsareperceivedbythehearer.

A.auditoryphoneticsB.acousticphoneticsC.articulatoryphonetics

4.Whichofthefollowingwordsbeginswithavelarvoicedstop?

____

A.godB.bossC.cockD.dog

5.Whichofthefollowingwordsendswithadental,voicelessfricative?

____

A.roseB.waveC.clothD.massage

6.Whichofthefollowingwordscontainsaback,openandunroundedvowel?

____

A.godB.bootC.walkD.task

7.WhichofthefollowingisNotavelarsound?

_____

A.[h]B.[k]C.[g]D.[ŋ]

8.WhichofthefollowingisNotaminimalpair?

____

A.bat,biteB.kill,pillC.peak,pig,D.meat,seat

9.Whichofthefollowingisanopenclasswords?

____

A.emailB.butC.theD.they

10.Theunderlinedmorphemesinthefollowingbelongtotheinflectionalmorphemesexcept____.

A.paintsB.painterC.paintedD.painting

11.Whichofthefollowingwordshasmorethanthreemorphemes?

____

A.psychophysicsB.boyfriendsC.forefatherD.undesirability

12.Thepairofwords“deadandalive”iscalled____.

A.gradableantonymsB.relationaloppositesC.complementaryantonyms

13.Whichpairofthefollowingwordscanbecategorizedasstylisticsynonyms?

____

A.torch&flashlightB.die&decease

C.amaze&astoundD.luggage&baggage

14.X:

Johnhasgivenupsmoking.

Y:

Johnusedtosmoke.

Thesenserelationbetweentheabovesentencesis____

A.XentailsYB.XpresupposesY

C.XissynonymouswithYD.XisinconsistentwithY

15.X:

MyfatherhasbeentoLondon.

Y:

MyfatherhasbeentoUK.

Thesenserelationbetweentheabovesentencesis____

A.XentailsYB.XpresupposesY

C.XissynonymouswithYD.XisinconsistentwithY

16.WhenweviolateanyofthemaximsofCo-operativePrinciple,ourlanguagemightbecome____.

A.impoliteB.incorrectC.indirectD.unclear

17.AccordingtoSearl’sclassificationofspeechacts,whichofthefollowingisaninstanceofdirectives?

____

A.I