英语语法定语从句的用法归纳.docx
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英语语法定语从句的用法归纳
中考语法：
定语从句的用法归纳
定语从句
AttributiveClause
I本章要点
1.定语从句的基本要素
2.定语从句和关系代词
3.定语从句和关系副词
4.关系代词和关系副词之间的关系
5.介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
6.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
看一看这些名言警句中所运用的定语从句
II定语从句语法点分述
一、基本要素
1.概念：
如果由一个句子来充当一个词的定语，那么这个句子就被叫做定语从句
2.先行词：
被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词
3.关系词（关系代词或者副词）：
引导定语从句
ØHeisthebestgeneralwhomakesthefewestmistakes.
1.定语从句：
_____________________________________
2.先行词：
_____________________________________
3.关系词：
_____________________________________
♥Attention♥
如何选择关系代词？
关系代词的作用是什么？
二、关系代词
1.定语从句关系代词：
先行词是人
先行词是物
作主语
who/that
which/that
作宾语
（who/whom/that）
（which/that）
作定语
whose
whose
★小试身手★
1）Thisisthemanwhohelpedmeyesterday.
⇨who在定语从句中作_________
2）Theteacher（who/whom/that）youwanttoseeiscoming.
⇨who在定语从句中作_________
3）Imetaboywhosefatherwasanastronaut.
⇨whose在定语从句中作_________
4）Hereisthecoatwhich/thatwillbemadeforyou.
⇨which在定语从句中作_________
5）Thisisthefactory（which/that）wevisitedlastyear.
⇨which在定语从句中作_________
6）Hehasabookwhosecover（=thecoverofwhich）isverybeautiful.
⇨whose在定语从句中作_________
2.关系代词的作用
1）________________________________________
2）________________________________________
3）________________________________________
★小试身手★
（1）用关系代词who,whom,that或whose填空。
1）Theman__________youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.
2）Theman__________iswalkingontheplaygroundismyoldfriend.
3）Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof__________Ihadevermetbefore.
4）That'sthenewmachine__________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.
（2）用who/whom/which/that将下列句子两句并一句。
1）Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
2）Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.
（3）用whose将下列句子两句并一句。
1）Themangavemeareward.Ifoundandreturnedhiswallet.
2）Parentsareusuallyveryproud.Theirchildrengraduatefromcollege.
3）TheteacherwenttoJapantoteachEnglish.Itookhisclasslastsemester.
♥Attention♥
whose后面一定要加一个名词,然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语。
3.只能使用that作关系代词的情况：
a.先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,little等不定代词时。
ØThereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.
b.先行词前有last,next,only,very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。
ØThisisthemostinterestingfilm（that）wasshownlastweek.
ØThisisthesecondcomputer（that）myfatherhasjustbought.
c.当先行词既有人，又有物时。
ØTheytalkedofthingsandpeoplethatthetremembered.
d.当主语是who的疑问句:
ØWhoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames?
♥Attention♥
以下情况时，who不与that通用。
a）先行词为one（s）/anyone/those时,用who。
b）当先行词有较长定语时用who。
ØImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.
c）一个句子中带有两个定语从句，一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个用who。
ØTheboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.
d）在therebe开头的句中用who。
ØThereisaprettygirloutsidewhowantstoseeyou.
★小试身手★
（1）填空
1）Thereisnothingintheworld______canfrightenhim.
2）Theonlygames______Iplayarefootballandtennis.
3）Heistheonlystudent______understandsEnglish.
（2）翻译
1）他们唯一能做的事就是等待。
2）这正是你昨天买的笔。
三、关系副词
1.定语从句关系副词
表示时间
when
表示地点
where
表示原因
why
♥Attention♥
判断关系词是使用代词还是副词时,取决于定语从句的完整性。
如果定语从句不缺主语和宾语，那么关系词就应该使用关系副词。
a.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
ØIstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.
ØIwillneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.
b.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
ØIrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.
ØIwouldliketoliveinacountrythatisfullofnaturalbeauty.
c.why指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
ØPleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
ØThereasonthathetoldussurprisedusverymuch.
★小试身手★
1）Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?
2）Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?
3）Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.
4）Idon’tknowthereason______hecamesolate.
5）Wearelivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.
6）Icanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.
7）Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.
8）Theyhavereachedthepoint_____theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.
四、关系代词和关系副词之间的关系
试观察下列句子：
ØThisisthedaywhenwemet.
Thisistheday_____wemet.
ØYoushouldremembertoputthebookbacktotheplacewhereitbelongs.
Youshouldremembertoputthebookbacktotheplace_______itbelongs.
总结：
关系副词=介词+关系代词
★小试身手★
连词成句
1）gowerewantbacktotheIplacebornmywheregrandparentsto.
2）refusedhelpreasonwhytheheusisthisto?
（forwhich）
1.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
a.直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。
ØThemantowhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousrunner.
ØTheservicethestudentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.
ØHeisalibraryassistantIborrowedsomebooks.
b.直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，关系代词可省。
ØTheman（who/that/whom）youtalktojustnowisafamousrunner.
Themanyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.
ØHeisalibraryassistant（whom/that/who）Iborrowedsomebooksfrom.
HeisalibrarianIborrowedsomebooks.
c.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：
ØHeisthestudent（who/whom/that）theteachersarelookingfor.
ØThenumberofthechildren（who/whom/that）shetakescareofis30.
2.关系代词whose+名词引导的定语从句可转化为the+名词+of+which/whom或of+which/whom+the+名词结构；of表所属关系。
ØIliveinaroomareallbroken.
=Iliveinaroomareallbroken.
=Iliveinaroomareallbroken.
★小试身手★
1.填入“介词＋关系代词（即介词+which/whom）：
1）Theship,________theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent,wascalled
theMayflower.
2）Thefamily____IstayedinRomeiscomingtoEnglandsoon.
3）Hehaswrittenabook,thename_______Ihavecompletelyforgotten.
4）Itisafamilyof8children,all__arestudyingmusic.
5）Thetown,_________theycame,wasinthenorthoftheprovince.
2.介词填空：
1）Thespeed____whichyoudriveyourcarmustn’ttoohigh.
2）Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolor_____whichisbrightandnice.
3）Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_____whichtherearemanypictures.
4）Whatwerethethings_______whichhewasnottoosure?
5）Theyheldameeting,____whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.
6）Thebook,_____whichhepaid6Yuan,isworthreading.
五、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
1.辨析下列句子
1）Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.
2）Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.
3）Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.
4）Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.
总结：
2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句用法上的区别
a.引导限制性定语从句时，关系代词which可以与that互换；但引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。
1）Sheheardaterriblenoise,____frightenedher.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who
2）Sheheardaterriblenoise____frightenedher.（A）
A.thatB./C.whatD.who
b.先行词为reason时，限制性定语可以用why或forwhich来引导；非限制性定语从句则只能用forwhich来引导。
1）Ihadtoldthemthereason,____Ididn’tattendthemeeting.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.forwhomD.why
2）Ihadtoldthemthereason_____Ididn’tattendthemeeting.
A.whenB.whichC.whyD.forthat
c.引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中担任宾语时可以被省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词即使作宾语也不能省略。
（1）Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother,helovedandrespectedashisownmother.
A.asB.whichC./D.whom
d.引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关系代词whom可以用who来代替；但在非限制性定语从句中，whom就不能用who替换。
（1）DoyouknowTom,____wetalkedabout?
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
（2）TheAmericanjournalist______theannouncermentionedinthebroadcastissaidtohavebeenkilled.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./
e.当非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时，which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句既可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。
As意为正如……，which无此含义。
（1）____Iexpected,hedidn’tbelieveme.
A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.When
（2）Marywaslateforschool,_____oftenhappened.
A.asB.forwhichC.thatD.why
f.由“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个主句时，不能用as，只能用which。
（1）Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,__hisfatherwasangry.
A.aboutthatB.withasC.whenD.withwhich
g.一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。
1）asisknowntoall这是众所周知的
2）ashasbeensaidbefore如前所说
3）asisoftenthecase情况常常如此
4）asmaybeimagined这可以想象得出
5）ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的那样
6）asoftenhappens这种情况常常发生
IIIReview
一、填入合适的关系代词或者关系副词
●Amy,________ismyfriend,likeseverything____looksbeautiful,becausesheisanactress.Iknowsomepeopleandstories_____wereabouther.Onceshetookweight-losspills,________werepopularamongyoungwomen.Shebecameslimmerandslimmer,soshewasverysatisfied.However,hermother,_______youmetlastyear,stoppedherfromtakingthem,sincetheycoulddamagehealth.Asamatteroffact,Amyisinhospital,in______sheissufferingliverfailure!
Luckily,sheisrecoveringandsheiswillingtofollowthedoctor’sadvice,______makesallofushappy.
二、选择正确的选项
1）ThestorytookplaceinEuropeinthedaysbeforeautomobiles___everyoneused
horses.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
2）Greentea,_____manyexpertssuggest,shouldbedrunkregularlytoimprovehealth.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
3）Thepartinthefilm_____themanbrokedownthedoormadetheaudiencegiveacry.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom
4）“Drive-ins”havelargeparkinglots____customersareservedintheircarsbywaitresses.
A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where
5）Intimewereachedastage____wehadmoreyoungreadersthanoldones.
A.whereB.howC.whoD.what
6）Thisarticlemayshocksomesensitivereaders,_____Ioffermyapologiesinadvance.
A.fromwhomB.forwhomC.towhomD.towardswhom
7）Thisisnottheonlyexampleofaplanecrash_____everyonebutachilddied.
A.wh
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