外文翻译运算放大器的原理和应用.docx

外文翻译运算放大器的原理和应用.docx

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外文翻译运算放大器的原理和应用

Operationalamplifiertheoryandapplications

1theprincipleofop-amp

Opampisthemostwidelyusedofadevice,althoughthedifferentstructureofdifferentoperationalamplifier,buttheexternalcircuit,itscharacteristicsarethesame.Opampisusually4parts,biascircuits,inputstage,intermediate-level,outputlevel,whichisgenerallyusedinputstagedifferentialamplifiercircuit（inhibitorypower）,themiddleclassingeneraltheuseofactiveloadcircuitloadsthetotalradio（increasethemagnification）,thecomplementaryoutputstagegenerallysymmetricaloutputstagecircuit（drivecircuittoincreasethecapacityoftheload）,hereisabriefintroductionabouttherealizationofthespecificcomplex.

Industries,anoperationalamplifierusedtomeasuretheperformanceofmanyoftheindicators,theactualoperationalamplifierisgenerallybelievedthattheclosertheidealopamp,thebetter,theclassroominvolved,weareonlyaskingtheequivalentinputresistanceofinfinity,infiniteopen-loopgain,Infact,therearemanyotherindicators,Iwill,areyouabriefintroduction,theperformanceofoperationalamplifiersincludingthefiveindicators,open-loopdifferential-modevoltageamplificationfactor,themaximumoutputvoltage,differential-modeinputresistance,outputresistance,commonmoderejectionratioCMRR.（Open-loopdifferential-modeisthemagnificationontheintegrated

deliverywithoutadditionalfeedbackloopincaseofdifferential-modevoltageamplification.Maximumoutputvoltageissayingthatitreferstoacertainvoltage,theintegratedoperationalamplifierisnotthelargestoutputvoltagedistortionpeak-peak.differential-modeinputresistancereflectsthesizeofintegratedoperationalamplifierinputdifferential-modeinputsignaltoobtainthecurrentsizeofthesource.requiringthegreaterthebetter.reflectthesizeoftheoutputresistanceofanintegratedtransportonthesmall-signaloutputloadcapacity.CMRRshownontheintegratedoperationalamplifiercommon-moderejectionofinputsignals,whichisdefinedwiththedifferentialamplifiercircuit.CMRRthebetter.）

Figure1op-ampcharacteristiccurve

Figure2op-ampinputandoutputterminalmap

Figure1isthecharacteristiccurveofamplifierisgenerallyusedonlythelinearpartofcurve.AsshowninFigure2.U-correspondingtotheterminal"-",whentheimportationofCanadianU-separatefromtheterminal,theoutputvoltageandinputvoltageU-RP,theRP-callinput.U+correspondingtotheterminal"+",whentheinputU+separatefromtheclienttojoin,theoutputvoltageandU+withthephase,socalledin-phaseinput.

Output:

U0=A（U+-U-）;Aknownastheopamp'sopenloopgain（open-loopvoltageamplificationfactor）

Inthepracticalapplicationofoftenidealizedopamp,thisisbecausegenerallyspeaking,theinputresistanceOPAMPgreatopen-loopgain,outputresistanceisverysmall,canberegardedasideal,itcanbe:

Ri≈∞,Ro≈0,A≈∞.ByA≈∞,beU+≈U-,aresultsimilartothetwoinputscanbeseenasashort-circuit（referredtoasthe"virtualshort"）,iftheinputterminationinthesamedirection,thereverseinputandalmostthesamepotential（referredtoas"virtualland"）.ByRi≈∞,wecanseethatsimilartotheinputcircuitisequalto0,itcanbeseenastheinputcircuit（knownasthe"virtualshutdown"）.

2ApplicationofOperationalAmplifiers

Hereonlytheapplicationoftheidealoperationalamplifier,theactualopampcanbeseenassimilartoanidealoperationalamplifier.Applicationofoperationalamplifiersisverybroad,hereweonlytalk

abouttheop-ampwithsomefocusonothercomponentsofthecomputingcircuit.Applicationofcircuitoperationintermsofcomparisonwithothermoreextensive,andeasytounderstandsomeofthem.Computingtheratioofthecircuitincludingthecircuit,anddifferentialcircuit,integro-differentialcircuit,andtheindexofthenumberofcomputingcircuit.

1.Theproportionofthecircuit:

Theproportionoftheso-calledcircuitisproportionaltotheinputsignalamplificationcircuit,theratioofthereversecircuitisdividedintotheproportionofthecircuit,thecircuitwiththephaseratio,theratioofdifferentialcircuit.

（1）reversetheratioofthecircuit:

ReversetheratioofthecircuitshowninFigure3,theinputsignalinputbyaddingRP,thereare

Figure3theratioofthereversecircuitschematics

Figure4withtheratioofcircuitschematics

=

=0

=

=0

KnowfromKirchhoff'slaw:

=

（

-

）/

=（

-

）/

=

ThusknowthattheoutputvoltageU0andtheratioofinputvoltageUisaidtherelationshipbetweentheoppositedirection,changingtheratioofcoefficients,namely,tworesistorsofresistancetochangecanchangethevalueofoutputvoltage.Reversetheratioofoperationalamplifiercircuitsfortheperformanceofacertainperformancerequirements,suchastheinputsignaltoacertainloadcapacityrequirements..

（2）theratioofthecircuitinthesamedirection（Figure4）:

Withthereverseratioofthecircuitisessentiallysimilar,apartfromasectionofgroundinthesamedirectionisthereverseinputfrom

=

=

=

得：

/

=（

-

）/

SO:

=

Soaslongasthecoefficientofchangeintheproportionoftheoutputvoltagecanbechanged,andU0andUithesamedirection,ofcourse,withtheproportionofthecircuitistohaveacertainrequirements,suchastheintegratedoperationalamplifier

ofthecommonmoderejectionratiorequirements.

（3）theratioofdifferentialcircuit（Figure5）:

=

Inputsignal,respectively,addedtotheRP-phaseinputandinput,thespecificstepsandnotinthefirsttwoarederivedalmost

Andintheendbe:

Fromthiswecanseethatitisactuallycompleted:

twooftheinputdifferentialsignaloperation.

2.Andthedifferencecircuit:

Andpooruseofthecircuitisarelativelywiderangeofcircuits,wherethethreecircuitsonthemove:

Reversesummationcircuittosumthesamecircuit,anddifferentialcircuits.

（1）reversesummationcircuitandsummationcircuitinthesamedirection:

Onlydifferenceisthattheinputsignalbyaddingareversed-phaseinputwithinputphasedifference,reverse-sumcircuitinFigure6,withthesummationcircuitinFigure7.ByKirchhoff'scurrentlaw,reversesummationcircuitoutputvoltageandinputvoltagerelationship,

=

Figure5theproportionofthecircuitdifferentialcircuit

Figure6Reversesummationcircuitschematics

Figure7withthecircuitdiagramsandcircuit

Withthesummationcircuitoutputvoltageandtherelationshipbetweentheinputvoltageasfollows:

=

Althoughthecomparisonbetweenthetwosimilar,butdifferent,thereversesumofthecharacteristicsofthecircuitwiththesameRP-circuitratio.Itcanbeveryconvenientfortheinputresistanceofacircuittochangetherelationshipbetweentheproportionofthecircuitwithoutaffectingtherelationshipbetweentheproportionofotherroutes.Andwiththeapplicationtothesummationcircuitisnotveryextensive,mainlybecauseofitsbetterregulationofRP-sumcircuit,anditslargecommon-modeinputsignal.

（2）andthedifferencecircuit:

ItscircuitdiagramisshowninFigure8.ThefunctionofthiscircuitisUi1,Ui2carriedoutbyRP-summationofUi3,Ui4sumtothesamedirection,andthensuperimposedtheresultsobtainedandthepoor,andhisrelationshipbetweeninputandoutputvoltageasfollows:

=

Figure8andthedifferentialcircuitschematics

Astheuseofanintegratedcircuitoperationalamplifier,anditscalculationandthecircuitresistanceisnoteasytoadjust,soweusedthecompositionofthesecondaryoperationalamplifierintegratedcircuitandpoor.ItscircuitdiagramasshowninFigure9,it'stherelationshipbetweeninputandoutputvoltageis:

=

Figure9composedoftwointegratedoperationalamplifiercircuitschematicsandpoor

Itsformerlevelaftertheleveldoesnotaffect（intheidealofintegratedoperationalamplifier）,whichisveryconvenientcalculation.

3.Integralanddifferentialcircuit:

Theabovecomponentsusedarebasicallyresistiveelement,ifonesideoftheresistor

capacitorreplaced,thentheresultswillbecomeintegralcircuitsanddifferentialcircuits.

（1）integralcircuit:

Thecircuitshowninfigure10,itcanachieveintegrationandproductionofcomputing,suchastriangularwaveform.Integraloperationis:

theoutputvoltageandinputvoltagerelationswereintegral.Itistheuseofcapacitivechargeanddischargeoperationstoachieveintegration,anditsinputandoutputvoltagerelationship:

=

One:

thattheinitialcapacitorvoltageatbothends.Ifthecircuitinputvoltagewaveformisasquare,thenhaveatriangularwaveformoutput.

（2）differentialcircuit:

Differentialcircuitsandthedifferencebetweencircuitpointsjustswapthelocationofresistorsandcapacitors.Differentialistheintegraloftheinverseoperation,itsoutputvoltageandinputvoltagerelationsshoweddifferential.CircuitdiagramshowninFigure11:

itsinputandoutputvoltagerelationship:

=

CircuitschematicsFigure10point

Figure11Differentialcircuitschematics

4.Andtheindexcalculationonthenumberofcircuits:

Circuitusedforanumberofdiodes,diodecharacteristicsofthemostimportantisone-dimensionalconductivity.Inthecircuit,thecurrentonlyflowsfromthediodecathode,anodeflow,itistherealizationofthecharacteristicsandindicatorsofthenumberofcircuits.

（1）ofthenumberofoperationcircuits:

=

Logarithmcomputingcircuitoutputvoltageandinputvoltagewaslogarithmicfunction.RPweusetheratioofRfdiodecircuitthatisfo