完整版有机化学专业英语词汇精.docx
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完整版有机化学专业英语词汇精
）（精有机化学专业英语词汇-ene烯醛缩醇acetal
epi-表acetal-乙酰
epoxy-环氧酸acid
-ester酯-al醛-etheralcohol醇醚
ethoxy-醛乙氧基-aldehyde
ethylalkali-碱乙基
烯丙基[propenyl（丙烯基）]allyl
fluoro-氟代alkoxy-烷氧基
form仿-amide酰胺
氨基的amino-
-glycol-amidine脒二醇
-amine胺
hemi-半烷-ane
hendeca-十一酐anhydride
hepta-七anilino-苯胺基
heptadeca-十七aquo-含水的hexa--ase六酶
hexadeca--ate含氧酸的盐、酯十六
-hydrin醇-atriyne三炔hydro-氢或水偶氮azo-
hydroxyl羟基
hypo-低级的，次benzene苯hyper-高级的，高在盐类前表示酸式盐bi-
bis-双
-ic酸的，高价金属硼烷-borane
-ide无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐bromo-溴
偶酰-il丁基butyl
亚胺-imine
碘iodine甲醇-carbinol
羰基碘代iodo-carbonyl
iso-异，等，同羧酸-carboxylicacid
-2-ite亚酸盐centi-10
氯代chloro-
cis-顺式酮keto-
酮ketone缩合的、冷凝的condensed
环cyclo-
内酯-lactone
deca-十6-1deci10mega-10间，偏啶-dinemeta-
十二dodeca-methoxy-甲氧基methyl甲基1
-6micro-10-3ter-milli-10三
tetra-四mono-（mon-）一，单
tetradeca-十四
-9tetrakis-四个nano-10
thio-nitro-硝基硫代
trans-亚硝基反式，超，跨nitroso-
thio-硫代nona-九
tri-nonadeca-十九三
trideca-十三
tris-三个octa-八
octadeca-十八undeca-十一-oic酸的
uni-单，一-ol醇unsym--one酮不对称的，偏位
邻，正，原ortho-
-yl-ous亚酸的，低价金属基
-ylene撑（二价基，价在不同原子上氧杂oxa-）
-yne氧化合物炔-oxide
-oxime肟
organiccompounds酮有机化合物oxo-
compoundsofcarbonoxy-碳化合物氧化
hydrocarbonsand-oyl酰theirderivatives
碳氢化合物及其衍生物
organicchemistrypara-对位，仲有机化学
structureofmolecule分子结构penta-五
chemicalbond化学键pentadeca-十五
covalentbond共价键高，过per-
hybridorbital石油杂化轨道petro-
bondlengthphenol键长苯酚
bondanglephenyl苯基键角
-12bondenergypico-10键能
polaritypoly-聚，多极性
dissociationenergy离解能
constitutionquadri-四构造
contiguration五quinque-构型
conformation构象
stereochemistry立体化学半semi-
tetrahedral七septi-正四面体
cis-sesqui顺一个半trans-反sulfa-磺胺isomerism对称sym-同分异构现象
isomersyn-异构体顺式，同，共stereoisomer立体异构
2
constitutionalisomer构造异构Commonring普通环
Mediumrimg中环structuralformula结构式
Largering大环octet八隅体
Bridged-ringsystem桥环体系perspective透视式Spirocompoundeclipsedconformation重叠式构象螺环化合物
Helicalmolecule螺旋型分子staggeredconformation交叉式构象
Octahedralcompound八面体化合物纽曼投影式newmanprojection
Conjugation共轭functionalgroup官能团Conjugated-systemchaincompoud链状化合物共轭体系
Acylcation酰[基]正离子carbocycliccompound碳环化合物
Benzyliccation苄[基]正离子heterocycliccompound杂环化合物
Arenirmion芳[基]正离子-dipole-dipoleinteractions偶极Ketylradical羰自由基偶极相互作用Radicalion自由基离子范德华力vanderWaalsforces
Radicalcationhydrogenbonding氢键自由基正离子
Radicalanion偶极矩自由基负离子dipolemomentIsomerismelectronegativity电负性异构[现象]
Aciform酸式物理性质physicalproperty
Fluxionalstructuremeltingpoint熔点循变结构
Stereochemistry立体化学boilingpoint沸点
Opticalactivity反应机理光学活性reactionmechanismDextroisomer均裂homolysis右旋异构体
Laevoisomer自由基左旋异构体freeredicalTetrahedralconfigurationheterolysis四面体异裂构型离子型ionictypeStereoisomerismelectrophilicreagent立体异构[亲电试剂现象]
Asymmetricatomelectrophilicreaction亲电反应不对称原子
Asymmetriccarbon不对称碳亲核试剂nucleophilicreagent
Pseudoasymmetriccarbonnucleophilicreaction亲核反应假不对称碳英文名汉文名
Phantomatom虚拟原子角甲基Angularmethylgroup
Homotopic等位[的]Alkylidenegroup亚烷基Heterotopic异位[的]
烯丙基Allylgroup
Enantiotopic对映异位][烯丙型Allylic的[的]
Diastereotopic苯基Phenylgroup非对映异位[的]
ConfigurationArylgroup构型芳基
Absoluteconfiguration苄基Benzylgroup绝对构型
Chirality[Benzylic苄型]
的手性
Chiral手性[的活化基团Activatinggroup]
Chiralcenter手性中心Chromophore生色团
Chiralmolecule手性分子助色团Auxochrome
Achiral非手性磁Magneticallyanisotropicgroup[的]
Fischerprojection各向异性基团费歇尔投影式
小环Smallyring纽曼投影式Neomanprojection
3
D-LsystemofnomenclatureD-L命Synclinalconformation反错构象
Synclinalconformation顺错构象名体系
Eclipsedconformation重叠构象R-SsyytemofnomenclatureR-S命Gaucheconformation,skew名体系con-formation邻位交叉构象Cahn-Ingold-Prelonsequence顺序Staggeredconformation对位交叉构规则
象Symmetryfactor对称因素
Stericeffect空间效应Planeofsymmetry对称面Sterichindrance位阻Mirrorsymmetry镜面对称Atropismer对映[异构]阻转异构体体Enantiomer
Puckeredring体折叠环Diastereomer非对映[异构]ConformationalinversionEpimer差向异构体构象反转
Chairconformation椅型构象]Anomer端基[差向异构体BoatconformationErythroconfiguration赤型构型船型构象
Twistconformation赤型异构体扭型构象Erythroisomer
SkewboatconformationThreoconfiguration苏型构型扭船型构象
Half-chairconformation半椅型构苏型异构体Threoisomer
象三角型碳Trigonalcarbon
PseudorotationCis-transisomerism顺反异构假旋转
Envelopeconformation信封EisomerE异构体[型]构象ZisomerZ异构体
Axialbond直[立内型异构体Endoisomer]键
Equatorialbond平Exoisomer外型异构体[伏]键
Cisoidconformation前手性Prochirality顺向构象
Transoidconformation反向构象Pro-Rgroup前R基团
Retentionofconfiguration构型保基团前Pro-SproupS持RefaceRe面Regioselectivity区域选择性面SifaceSi
Regiospecificity区域专一性Racemicmixture外消旋混合物Stereocelectivity立体选择性外消旋化合物Racemiccompound
Stereospecificty立体专一性Racemicsolidsolution外消旋固体
Conformer溶液构象异构体
ConformationaleffectMesocompound内消旋化合物构象效应
Cram'准外消旋体Quasirecematesrube克拉姆规则
Prelog'rule普雷洛格规则Conformation构象Stereochemicalorientation构象分析Conformational立体[化学]取向Torsionangle扭转角
Conformationaltransmission旋转异构体Rotamer构象传递反式构象Anticonformation
Homolog等分构象Bisectingconformation同系物
Ipsoposition本位Antiperiplanarconformation反叠
Orthoposition构象邻位
Metaposition顺叠构Synperiplanarconformation间位
象对位Paraposition
4
Amphiposition远位Paulingelectronegativityscale
鲍林电负性标度Periposition近位Polarizability三角杂化可极化性Trigonalhybridization
Inductiveeffect诱导效应Molecularorbiralmethod分子轨道
Fieldeffect场效应法
Electricaleffect电场效应Valencebondmethod价键法
tautomerism互变异构Delocalezedbond离域键
Tautomerization互变异构化Crossconjugation交叉共轭
Keto-enoltautomerism酮Vinylog插烯物-烯醇互变异构Mesomericeffect中介效应
Phenol-ketotautomerism酚-共振酮互变Resonance
异构共振效应Resonanceeffect
Imine-enamineatutomerism亚胺超共轭-烯Hyperconjugation
胺互变异构Isovalenthyperconjugation等价超
Ring-chaintautomerism环-链互变共轭异构No-bondresonance无键共振Valencetautomerism价互变异构Aromaticity芳香性AmbidentAromaticsexter两可[的]
芳香六隅Solventeffect溶剂效应休克尔规则ruleHuckel'Acid-basecatalyxedreaction顺磁环Paramagneticringcurrent酸性溶剂电流
Basicsolvent抗磁环电Diamagneticringcruuent碱性溶剂
Dielectricconstant介电常数流SolvatedelectronHomoaromaticity溶剂化电子同芳香性
Acid-basecatalyzedreactionAntiaromaticity反芳香性酸碱催化反应交替烃Alternanthydrocarbon
Conjugatebase共轭酸Non-alternanthydrocarbon非交替
Conjugatebase烷共轭碱
Thermodynamicacidity热力学酸度Pericyclicreaction周环反应
Kineticacidity动力学酸度电环Electrocyclicrearrangement
Electrondonof-acceptor
重排化[]complex,EDAcomplex电子给[体Conrotatory顺旋]受体络合物对旋Disroatatory
HostCycloaddition环加成主体
Guest客体对称Symmetryforbidden-reaction
Primaryisotopeeffect禁阻反应一级同位素效应同面反应Synfacialreaction
Secondaryisotopeeffect二级同位Antarafacialreaction异面反应数效应默比乌斯体系Mobiussystem
Inverseisotopeeffect路易斯结构Leoisstructure逆同位素效应配位共价Coordinate-covalentbond
Kineticcontrol动力学控制键
Thermodynamiccontrol香蕉键Bananabond热力学控制
Substrate底物
5
Intermediate中间体Nucleophile-assisted
unimolecu-larelectrophilic活泼中间体Reactiveintermediate
substitution亲核体协助单分子亲Microscopicreversibility微观可电取代逆性Unimolecularelimination单分子消Hammondpostulate哈蒙德假说除线性自由能Linearfreeenergy
Bimolecularelimination双分子消Non-bondedinteraction非键相互作除用
Unimoleculareliminationthrough扭转效应Torsionaleffect
theconjugatebase单分子共轭碱消Pitzerstrain皮策张力
除Restrictedrotation阻碍旋转
Bimoleculareliminationthrough重叠效应Eclipsingeffect
theconjugatebaseEclipsingstrain重叠张力双分子共轭碱消除小角张力Small-anglestrain
BimoleculareliminationwithLargeanglestrain大角张力for-mationofacarbonylgroupTransannularinteraction双跨环相互分子羰基形成消除作用Unimolecularacid-catalyzed
Transannularstrain跨环张力acyl-oxygencleavage内张力单分子酸催化Istrain
酰氧断裂Fstrain前张力
Bimolecularbase-catalyzed
后张力Bstrain
acyl-oxygencleavage端基异构效应Anomericeffect双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Waldeninversion瓦尔登反转Unimolecularacid-catalyzedRacemization外消旋化alkyl-oxygencleavage单分子酸催Isoinversion等反转
化烷氧断裂等消旋Isoracemization
Bimllecularbase-catalyzedal-纯手性][的Homochiral
kyl-oxygencleavage机理Mechanism双分子碱催化烷氧断裂Unimolecularnucleophilic单分子π-allylcomplexmechanismπ烯丙亲核取代
型络合机理Bimolecularnucleophilic
Borderlinemechanism边理机理双分子亲核取代sub-stitution
Homolysis均裂Bimolecularnucleophilic
Heterolysis异裂substi-tution（withallylic
Heterolyticmichanism异裂机理双分子亲核取代rearrange-ment）
Counrer[gegen]ion反荷离子（含烯丙型重排）
IonpairInternalnucleophilic
离子对
Carbocationsubstiru-tion碳正离子分子内亲核取代
NonclassicalcarbocationAromaticnucleophilic
非经典碳正离子芳香亲核取代substitu-tion
Carbanion碳负离子Unimolecularelectrophilic
Maskedcarbanion掩蔽碳负离子单分子亲电取代sub-stitution
Carbenoid卡宾体Bimolecularelectrophilic
substi-tution卡宾双分子亲电取代Carbene
6
Nitrene氮宾Neighboringgroupparticipation
邻基基参与Carbine碳炔Neighboringproup
Electrophilicaddition亲电加成
assistance,anchimericassistanceElectrophile亲电体邻助作用Diaxialaddition双直键加成NeighboringgroupeffectMarkovnikov'srube马尔科夫尼科邻基效应
Apofacialreaction规则反面反应
Briddgeheaddisplacement桥头取代Anti-Markovnikovaddition反马氏
Arylaction加成芳正离子
Benzyne苯炔Michaeladdition迈克尔加成
Zaitsevrule札依采夫规则Substitution取代
Anti-Zaitsevorientation反札依采Electrophilicsubstitution亲电取夫定向代Hofmann'srule霍夫曼规则Addition-eliminationmechanism加
Bredtrule布雷特规则成消除机理
Initiation引发Electrophilicaromatic
Anioniccleavage负离子裂解亲电芳香取代substitu-tion
Partialbondfixation电子转移键[的]部分Electrontransfer
固定化给电子基Electron-donatinggroup
02．3有机化学反应团
Alkylation烷基化吸电子Electron-Withdrawinggroup
C-alkylationC-烷基化基团
O-alkylationO-烷基化钝化基团Deactivatinggroup
N-alkylationN-烷基化Orinentation取向
Silylation硅烷Ortho-paradirectinggroup邻对位[基]化
Exhaustivemethylation彻底甲基化定位基
Secoalkylation间位定位基Metadirectinggroup断裂烷基化
Demethylation脱甲基化Orthoeffect邻位效
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