研究生英语第11单元health.docx

研究生英语第11单元health.docx

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研究生英语第11单元health

Uint11SometimesIt’sHardtoBeaWoman,orAManorHuman

Text-relatedinformation

1.TimLott（born23January1956,Southall,WestLondon）isaBritishauthor.Afterrunninghisownmagazinepublishingbusiness,hegraduatedfromtheLondonSchoolofEconomicsin1986.

Hisfirstbook,thesemi-autobiographicalTheScentofDriedRoses,waspublishedin1996andwontheJ.R.AckerleyPrizeforAutobiography.Hisnextwork,WhiteCityBlue,waspublishedin1999andwonthatyear'sWhitbreadAwardforBestFirstNovel.

Hewasalsoshortlistedinthe'BestNovel'categoryofthe2002WhitbreadAwardsforhiswork,RumoursofaHurricane.HehassincepublishedTheLoveSecretsofDonJuan,TheSeymourTapesandFearless.

TheScentofDriedRoses,amemoirofhisfamilyandhisownlife,remainshismostacclaimedwork.Beginningwiththetragedyofhisownmother'ssuicide,hismemoirisarichaccount.Onthebroaderscale,hepaintsnuancedpicturesofwhatitmeanstobeworkingclass,andhowtheEnglishsuburbsdevelopedfromthe1950stothe1980s.Morepersonally,alsodescribeshisownlifejourney,ashebegantomovebeyondhisfamily'sroots,thengothroughdepressionandemergeattheothersideonlytofacerenewedtragedy,whenthemotherwhohadbeensocaringforhimwithhisownmentalillness,takesherownlife.

HislatestnovelisFearless,publishedonJune42007.Itisamythic,political,dystopianfableagroupof1,000girlsconfinedtoaninstituteinatimeofterror.Fearlessispublishedinbothadultandyoungadulteditions.HehasalsohadaweeklycolumnintheLondonEveningStandard.

2.AllisonPearson（born1960,Carmarthen）isaBritishwriter.Sheisbest-knownforherperiodasaDailyMailcolumnistandforanovelpublishedin2002,IDon'tKnowHowSheDoesIt.

3.TheDailyMailisaBritish,dailymiddlemarkettabloidnewspaper.Firstpublishedin1896byLordNorthcliffe,itistheUnitedKingdom'ssecondbiggest-sellingdailynewspaperafterTheSun.TheDailyMailwasBritain'sfirstdailynewspaperaimedatthenewly-literate"lower-middleclassmarketresultingfrommasseducation,combiningalowretailpricewithplentyofcompetitions,prizesandpromotionalgimmicks",andthefirstBritishpapertosellamillioncopiesaday.

4.StephanieMerritt（born1974inSurrey）isacriticandfeaturewriterforvariouspublicationsincludingTheTimes,theDailyTelegraph,theNewStatesman,ZemblaandDieWelt.ShehasalsobeenDeputyLiteraryEditorandastaffwriteratTheObserver.

5.MarianKeyes（born10September1963）isanIrishnovelistandnon-fictionwriter,bestknownforherworkinwomen'sliterature.

6.SallyHampton（bornJuly29,1958inSt.Louis,Missouri）isanAmericanwriterandfilmproducerlivinginLosAngeles,USA.

7.EmmaThompson（born15April1959）isanEnglishactress,comedienneandscreenwriter.Herfirstmajorfilmrolewasinthe1989romanticcomedyTheTallGuy.In1992,Thompsonwonmultipleactingawards,includinganAcademyandaBAFTAAwardforBestActress,forherstrongperformanceintheBritishdramaHowardsEnd.

8.CoronationStreet（affectionatelynicknamedCorrie）isaBritishprime-timesoapoperasetinthefictionaltownofWeatherfield,fourmilesineitherdirectionfromandasuburbofthecityofManchester,England.CreatedbyTonyWarren,CoronationStreetisthelongestrunningandmostwatchedBritishsoapopera.

9.BeverleyCallard（bornMarch28,1957inMorley,Leeds）isanEnglishactress,bestknownforherroleasLizMcDonaldinITV'sCoronationStreet,andFloellaHenshawinBBCThree'sTwoPintsofLagerandaPacketofCrisps.

10.TheGuardian（until1959,TheManchesterGuardian）isaBritishnationaldailynewspaperownedbytheGuardianMediaGroup.Foundedin1821,itisuniqueamongmajorBritishnewspapersinbeingownedbyafoundation（theScottTrust,viatheGuardianMediaGroup）.Itisknownforitsleftofcentrepoliticalstance.

11.KiraCochraneisatheGuardianwriter.

12.Dr.DorothyRowe（bornDecember1930）isanAustralianpsychologistandauthor,whoseareaofinterestisdepression.Dr.RowecurrentlyresidesintheUnitedKingdom.

LanguagePoints

1.Thedecision…comeshardontheheels.Ontheheelofsomething------verysoonaftersomething.Thisexpressionmeansoneeventfollowedstraightafterorverysoonafterthefirstone.

Example:

ThedecisiontobyPetercamehardontheheelsoftheclub’spromotiontoSam’s.

2.patchesofacutementaldistress------abad/difficult/sticky/roughpatchmeansaperiodoftimewhenyouarehavingalotofdifficulties.Example:

Gemma’sgoingthroughabadpatchrightnow.

3.Unhappinessbleedsintodepression.Ifsomethingbleedsintoanotherthing,itunfortunatelycandevelopintoabadsituation.

4.Thatunsquareablecirclealone.Theexpression“squarethecircle”isusedtomeanthatachievingtwoaimswhicharecompleteoppositesisnotpossible.Ifsomethingisunsquareable,itisimpossibletohaveitdone.Herethewomanhastochoosebetweencareerandmotherhood–thetwotogetherisimpossible–acirclecannotbecomeasquare.

5.Theywanttolovetheirbodiesastheyare,andyetfeelattractivetoothers.Thewomanwantstobelovedassheis–nothavingtofollowfashion,dietsetc.Shemaybealittlefat,notbeespeciallysexy/beautifulfigureetc.Yetshewantstobelievesheisattractiveassheisnow.

6.Andwithgenderrolesmorefluid.Genderrolesmeanthingseachgenderusedto.Fluidhereisusedasaverbandmetaphormeaningchange/movementishappening.Moremendotaskstraditionallythewomendo.e.g.cooking,washingupetc.andwomennowdrivethecaretc.

7.Thentherearehistoricformsoffemaledisadvantage.Ifsomethinghashistoricforms,itmeansitlongexsistsandverytypical.

WordStudy

1.incidentallyadv.1）introducingadifferenttopic,bytheway;

e.g.Ihavetogonow.Incidentally,ifyouwantthatbook,I'llbringitnexttime.

2）inanincidentalmanner;

e.g.Inourdiscussionthisquestionwasincidentallybroughtup.

2．contradictionn.1）oppositionbetweentwoconflictingforcesorideas.

e.g.Thereseemstobeacontradictionbetweenherwordsandactions.

2）（logic）astatementthatisnecessarilyfalse.

e.g.Thebosswillnottolerateanycontradiction.

3.irreconcilableadj.impossibletoreconcile.

e.g.Thepartner'sdifferencesseemirreconcilable.

4.formidableadj.extremelyimpressiveinstrengthorexcellence.

e.g.Aformidableprospectliesaheadofhim.

5.imperative1）adj.requiringattentionoraction.

e.g.Itisimperativetoactnow.

2）n.somedutythatisessentialandurgent.

e.g.Jobcreationhasbecomeanimperativeforthegovernment.

Keystoexercises

TextComprehension:

Answerthefollowingquestions

1.Uncertaintyandconfusion.（para6and7）

2.Women’sarenotasstraightforwardasmen’s.Forexample,mencangotoworkwithoutthinkingandfeelingguiltyfornotbeingwiththechildren.Butwomenwanttomaketheirachievementintheirjobs,meanwhile,theywanttobewiththechildren.Therearemanyotherexamplesfromthearticle.（para8to13）

3.Theirideaofbeingafamilyprovider.（para14and17）

4.Theyarenotappreciative.Theythinkitisthewayitshouldbe,andtheyignormen’seffort.（para15and16）

5.Nostandardanswers（para19and22）.

6.Nostandardanswers.

StructuralAnalysisoftheText:

Partone:

（para.1topara.4）posesthequestionsbyintroducingthetruestoriesfirst.Pointingoutthecausesofwomen’sunhappiness“notnecessarilyforthereasonstheythinktheyare.”（para4）

Parttwo:

（para.5topara.12）women’ssourceofunhappiness

Partthree:

（para.13topara.18）differencesbetweenmenandwomen.

Partfour:

（para.19topara.22）thewriter’ssuggestionstosolvetheproblems.

SummaryWriting

Whyaredepressionratesrisingamongwomen?

Forwomen,thereasonsaremuchlessstraightforward,whichisonereasonwhytheirunhappinessissomuchmoredistressinganddifficulttotreat.Peoplecancopewithagreatdealofunhappinessiftheyareclearaboutwheretheunhappinessstemsfromandwhatcanandcan'tbedoneaboutit.Modernwomenwanttohavesuccessful,satisfyingcareersandbegoodmothersandgoodfriendsandvaluablemembersofthelocalcommunity.Theyalsowanttoremaindesirableandfashionable.Buttoputthesethingsintopracticeisextremelydifficult.Mendohaveitbetterinsomeways,partlybecausetheirdesiresandneedsaremorestraightforward.Mostmendon’tfeelguiltyaboutnotseeingtheirchildrenexceptintheeveningandattheweekend.Andmostmendon'tfollowfashion.Mostsignificantlyofall,mendon'tworrytoomuchaboutbeing"good".So,whatisthesolution?

First,womenneedtolowertheirexpectationsofthemselves.Second，ratherthanputtingwork,friendsandchildrenfirst,bothmenandwomenshouldputoneanotherfirst.Weshouldsimplystrivetobehumbleandgrateful.

VocabularyandStructure:

KeystosectionA:

1.reconciled2.imperative3.contradiction4.existence5.inherit6.formidable7.sensitive8.confess9.Incidentally10.conversely

KeystosectionB:

1.B2.A3.A4.B5.A6.A7.A8.D9.B10.C

Keystoclose

2.partially3.linked5.positive10.increase9.impact

1.management8.tolerance7.relieve4.builds6.reaction

KeystoFurtherReading

1.C2.C3.A4.D5.B

Translations

1．一位加拿大心理学教授已经鉴定出三种完美主义者：

自我要求型（要求自己达到完美），要求他人型（要求别人达到完美）和被要求完美主义者（认为别人要求他们达到完美）。

2．他说完美主义者不仅怀有不现实的高标准，而且认为他们自己和别人都无法达到这些被拔高了的期望。

3．Flett教授认为有些形式的完美主义可能与情绪、身体和情感问题有关，包括抑郁症，饮食紊乱，婚姻不和谐甚至自杀。

4．她说：

“我认为在一定程度上这是一个普通的压力问题。

完美主义者是压力极大的人。

我更愿意从整体的压力方面来看待这个问题，而不是单独从完美主义的角度来考虑。

”

5．“我更愿意关注他们的思维方式，而不是他们的性格。

通过改变他们的思维方式，就能改变他们的行为。

”

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