国际贸易实务英文版课后练习参考答案解析.docx

国际贸易实务英文版课后练习参考答案解析.docx

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国际贸易实务英文版课后练习参考答案解析

练习参考答案

Chapter1

流动性过剩excessliquidity

自给自足self-sufficient

经济资源economicresources

直接投资directinvestment

国际收支balanceofpayments

易货交易barter

出口退税exporttaxrebate

倾销dumping

出口型经济增长export-driveneconomicgrowth

东道国hostcountry

贸易差额balanceoftrade

贸易顺差／贸易逆差favorable／unfavorablebalanceoftrade

欧盟EuropeanUnion

国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差favorable／unfavorablebalanceofpayments

有形贸易visibletrade

无形贸易invisibletrade

货物贸易tradeingoods

服务贸易tradeinservices

Ⅲ

ThechartaboveshowstheU.S.importsfromChina,U.S.exportstoChinaandthe

tradebalance.TheU.S.hasanegativetradebalancewithChina,andithasbeengrowing.

Duringtheperiodfrom1997to2003,importsfromChinahavegrown244％whileexportstoChinahavegrown221％，indicatingthatthetradedeficitisincreasing.TherehadalreadybeenasizeabletradebalancedeficitwithChinain1996,totalling＄39.5billionattheendoftheyear.

Ⅳ

1.Exportgoodsaretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.

2.Tradeinservicesareinternationalearningsotherthanthosederivedfromtheexportingandimportingoftangiblegoods．

3.Importgoodsaretangiblegoodsbroughtin.

4.Internationaltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.

5.FDIisonethatgivestheinvestoracontrollinginterestinaforeigncompany.

6.Investmentisusedprimarilyasfinancialmeansforacompanytoearnmoremoneyonitsmoneywithrelativesafety.

Ⅴ

1.Internationaltrade,isthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand／orservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.

2.Intoday’scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.

Nationsparticipateintheinternationaltradeformanyreasons.Astotheeconomicreasons,nonationhasalloftheeconomicresouces（land,laborandcapital）thatitneedstodevelopitseconomyandculture,andnocountryenjoysaparticularitemsufficientenoughtomeetitsneeds.Asforthepreferencereasons,internationaltradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationofstyle.Besides,everynationcanspecializeinacertainfieldandenjoyacomparativeadvantageinsomeparticularareaintermsoftradesothattheyneedtodobusinesswitheachothertomakeuseofresourcesmoreefficientlyandeffectively.

3.Inmeasuringtheeffectivenessofglobaltrade,nationscarefullyfollowtwokeyindicators,namely,balanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.

4.FDI,theabbreviationformForeignDirectInvestment,meansbuyingofpermanent

propertyandbusinessinforeignnations.Itoccurswhenacquisitionofequityinterestina

foreigncompanyismade.ThegreatsignificanceofFDIforChinamightbethat：

FDIsolvetheproblemofcapitalshortageforChinasothatChinamayspendthemoneyonimportingadvancedequipmentandtechnologiesforitsinfrastructure,nationalsupportingindustry,keyprojects,etc.

Chapter2

关税壁垒tariffbarriers

非关税壁垒non-tariffbarriers

从量税specificduties

配额quota

保护性关税protectivetariff

市场失灵marketfailure

幼稚产业infantindustry

许可证制度licensingsystem

财政关税revenuetariff

政府采购governmentprocurement

贸易保护主义tradeprotectionism

从价税AdvaloremDuties

最低限价floorprice

本地采购规则“buylocal”rules

增加需raisedomesticdemand

Domesticcontent国含量

Red-tapebarriers进口环节壁垒

Exportsusidies出口补贴

Bindingquota绑定配额

Absolutequotas绝对配额

VER自愿出口限制

Tariff-ratequotas关税配额

Zeroquota零配额

“Buylocal”rules本地采购原则

Ⅱ

1.Protectionismmeansthedeliberateuseorencouragementofrestrictionsonimportstoenablerelativelyinefficientdomesticproducerstocompetesuccessfullywithforeignproducers.

保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。

2.IftheRussiansreleasetheirstocksoftinintotheworldmarket,thepriceofthemetalwillsinkthroughthefloor.

一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中，那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。

3.Protectivetariffmeansadutyortaximposedonimportedproductsforthepurposeofmakingthemmoreexpensiveincomparisontodomesticproducers,therebygivingthedomesticproductsapriceadvantage.

保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税，旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵，从而使得本国商品具有价格优势。

4.Typesoftariffsincludeadvalorem,specific,variable,orcompound.IntheUnited

States,theimpositionoftariffsismadeonimportedgoodsonly.Tariffsraisethepricesofimportedgoods,thusmakingthemlesscompetitivewithinthemarketoftheimportingcountry.Afterseven”Rounds”ofGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradetradenegotiationsthatfocusedheavilyontariffreductions,tariffsarelessimportantmeasuresofprotectionthantheyusedtobe.

关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。

在美国，只对进口商品征税。

关税抬高了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。

继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。

Ⅲ

1.Tariffisadutycollectedbycustomsofagovernmentonimportsand／orexports.

2.Arevenuetariffcanbesomeoftheincomesofagovernment,butitmustbetakenundercontrol.

3.Toexportgoodsatanunreasonablylowpriceistakenasdumpingwhichmightbefoughtagainstbygovernmentoftheimportingcountry.

4.Atariffmaybeassessedonaperunitbasis,inwhichcaseitisknownasaspecificduty.Italsomaybeassessedasapercentageofthevalueoftheitem,inwhichcaseitisknownasanadvaloremduty.

5.Importtariffsprimarilyserveasameansofraisingthepriceoftheimportgoodssothatcompetitivelyproduceddomesticgoodswillgainarelativepriceadvantage.

Chapter3

APEC　Asia-PacificEconomicCo-operation

FTAAPFreeTradeAgreementofAsiaandthePacific

EUEuropeanUnion

NAFTANorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement

MERCOSURMercadoComundelConoSur／SouthernCommonMarket

ASEANAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations

EFTAEuropeanFreeTradeArea

AFTAASEANFreeTradeArea

PTAsPreferentialTradeagreements

Ⅱ

Tradebloc贸易集团

Tradeblock贸易禁运／封锁

Openregionalism开放式区域主义

Freetradearea自由贸易区

Customsunion关税联盟

Commonmarket共同市场

Economicunion经济联盟

Tradeembargoes贸易禁运

Boycotts抵制

歧视性关税discriminatorytariffs

经济制裁economicsanction

贸易弹性tradeelasticity

双边贸易协定bilateraltradeagreements

多边贸易协定multilateraltradeagreements

最惠国mostfavorednation

Chapter4

GATT　GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade

HODHeadsofDelegations

TRIPsTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights

GATSGeneralAgreementonTradeinServices

TRIMsTradeRelatedInvestmentMeasures

MFNMostFavoredNations

Ⅱ

惠国Patronagenations

受惠国Favorednations

缔约国ContractingParties

市场准入marketaccess

透明度transparency

紧急进口措施UrgentImportingMeasures

争端解决机制disputesettlementmechanism

可持续发展sustainabledevelopment

特许经营franchise

Ⅲ

1.UntilnowWTOhasalreadyhad150membersanditstradevolumecovers90％ofthetotaltradevolumeinthewholeworld.

2.TopmostofWTOistheMinisterialConferencewhichhastomeetatleastonceeverytwoyears.UndertheMinisterialConferenceistheGeneralCouncilthathastomeetatGenevaregularly.

3.TheWTOSecretariat,whichofficesonlyinGeneva,Swizerland,hasaround550regularstaffandisheadedbyaDirector-General.SincedecisionsaremadebyMembersonly,theSecretariathasnodecision-makingpowersastheotherinternationalinstitutions.

4.TheSecretariatprovidessomeformoflegalassistanceinthedisputesettlementprocessandadvisesgovernmentswishingtobecomeMembersoftheWTO.

Chapter5

ⅠFOB班轮条件FOBlinerterm

清关customsclearance

FOB吊钩下交货FOBUnderTackle

平舱trim

多式联运multimodaltransport

船舷shipboard

陆水运marinenavigationoninlandwaterway

理舱stow

卸货费dischargeexpense

投保coverinsurance

CFR卸至岸上（含着陆费）CFRLanded

班轮liner

单据买卖documentarysales

CFR舱底交货CFREx-ship’sHold

CFR班轮条件CFRlinerterms

象征性交货symbolicdelivery

Ⅱ

１.UnderCFR,buyershouldeffectinsurance.

２.UnderCIFEx-Ship’sHold,sellershouldpaythedischargecharges.

３.UnderCIF,theinsuredamountshouldbeUS＄22000ifthecontractedpriceisUS＄20000.

４.UnderCIP,sellerhastoprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.

５.TheFAStermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.

６.TheDEQtermrequiresthebuyertoproceedwiththecustomsclearanceforimportsandpaymentofallcustomsduty.

７.UnderDDP,thesellermustpaythecostsofcustomsdutiesaswellasallduties,taxesandotherofficialchargespayableuponexportationandimportationofthegoods.

８.UnderDDUthesellermustgivethebuyerinstantnoticeoftheshippingofthegoodsaswellasanyothernoticerequiredinordertoallowthebuyertotakemeasure.

Ⅲ

１.Thepricequotedincludes５％commissiononFOBbasis.

该报价为FOB的价格并含５％的佣金。

２.UnderCPT,CIP,“carrier”meansanypersonwho,inacontractofcarriage,undertakestoperformortoprocuretheperformanceoftransport,byrail,road,air,sea,inlandwaterwayorbyacombinationofsuchmodes.

在CPT、CIP项下，“承运人”指在货物运输合同中承诺通过铁路、公路、航空、海运、河水运或多式运输等方式完成货物运输的人。

３.UnderFCA,thechosenplaceofdeliveryhasanimpactontheobligationsofloadingandunloadingthegoodsatthatplace.Ifdeliveryoccursattheseller’spremise,thesellerisresponsibleforloading.Ifdeliveryoccursatanyotherplace,thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.

在FCA项下，交货地的选择对货物的装船与卸载责任有影响。

如果交货地基于卖方，卖方有装载责任。

如果交货地在其它地方，卖方对卸载没有责任。

４.UnderFOB，thesellermustdeliverthegoodsonthedateorwithintheagreedperiodatthenamedportofshipmentandinthemannercustomaryattheportonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyer．Andthebuyermustbearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment．

在FOB项下，卖方必须在约定的日期或期限，在指定的装运港，按照该港习惯方式，将货物交至买方指定的船只上。

买方必须自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷之刻起承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。

Ⅳ

EXW

FCA

FAS

FOB

CFR

CIF

CPT

CIP

DES

DEQ

DDP

Dothetermsofdeliveryincludeproductioncostsandprofits？

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Isexportpackingincluded

Y

Y

Y

Y