英国文学简史笔记.docx
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英国文学简史笔记
英国文学简史笔记
AConcise1HistoryofBritishLiterature
Chapter1EnglishLiteratureofAnglo-SaxonPeriod
I.Introduction
1.Thehistoricalbackground
1BeforetheGermanicinvasion
2DuringtheGermanicinvasion
a.immigration;
b.Christianity;
c.heptarchy.来源：
考试大
d.socialclassesstructure:
hide-hundred;eoldermenlord–thane-middleclassfreemen-lowerclassslaveorbondmen:
theow;
e.socialorganization:
clan3ortribes.
f.militaryOrganization;
g.Churchfunction:
spirit,civilservice,education;
h.economy:
coins,trade,slavery;
i.Feastsandfestival:
Halloween,Easter;j.legalsystem.
2.TheOverview4oftheculture
1ThemixtureofpaganandChristian2spirit.
2Literature:
a.poetry:
twotypes;b.prose:
twofigures.
II.Beowulf.来源：
1.Ageneralintroduction.
2.Thecontent.考试大
3.Theliteraryfeatures.
1theuseofalliteration5
2theuseofmetaphors6andunderstatements
3themixtureofpaganandChristianelements
III.TheOldEnglishProse
1.Whatisprose?
2.figureswww.Examda.CoM
1TheVenerableBede
2AlfredtheGreat
Chapter2EnglishLiteratureoftheLateMedievalAgesI.Introduction
1.TheHistoricalBackground.
1Theyear1066:
NormanConquest.
2Thesocialsituationssoonaftertheconquest.
A.Normannoblesandserfs;
B.restorationofthechurch.
3The11thcentury.
A.thecrusadeandknights8.
B.dominanceofFrenchandLatin;
4The12thcentury.
A.thecentralizedgovernment;
B.kingsandthechurchHenryIIandThomas;
5The13thcentury.
A.ThelegendofRobin9Hood10;
B.MagnaCarta1215;
C.thebeginningoftheParliament
D.EnglishandLatin:
officiallanguagestheend
6The14thcentury.
a.theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons—conflictbetweentheParliamentandKings;
b.theriseoftowns.
c.thechangeofChurch.
d.theroleofwomen.
e.theHundredYears'War—starting.
f.thedevelopmentofthetrade:
London.
g.theBlackDeath.
h.thePeasants'Revolt—1381.
i.ThetranslationofBiblebyWycliff.
7The15thcentury.
a.ThePeasantsRevolt1453
b.TheWarofRosesbetweenLancastersandYorks.
c.theprinting-press—WilliamCaxton.
d.thestartingofTudorMonarchy1485
2.TheOverviewofLiterature.
1thestoriesfromtheCelticlandsofWalesandBrittany—greatmythsoftheMiddleAges.
2GeoffryeofMonmouth—HistoriaRegumBritanniae—KingAuthur.
3Wace—LeRomandeBrut.
4Theromance.
5thesecondhalfofthe14thcentury:
Langland,Gawinpoet,Chaucer.
II.SirGawinandGreenKnight7.
1.ageneralintroduction.
2.theplot.
III.WilliamLangland.
1.Life
2.Piers11thePlowman
IV.Chaucer
1.Life
2.LiteraryCareer:
threeperiods
1Frenchperiod
2Italianperiod
3masterperiod
3.TheCanterburyTales
A.TheFramework;
B.TheGeneralPrologue12;
C.TheTaleProper.
4.HisContribution.
1HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanza13ofvarioustypes.
2HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinthecurrentEnglishlanguage.
3ThespokenEnglishofthetimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.
V.PopularBallads14.
VI.ThomasMaloryandEnglishProse
VII.ThebeginningofEnglishDrama.
1.MiraclePlays.
Miracleplayormysteryplayisaformofmedievaldramathatcamefromdramatizationoftheliturgy15oftheRomanCatholicChurch.Itdevelopedfromthe10thtothe16thcentury,reachingitsheightinthe15thcentury.Thesimplelyric16characteroftheearlytextswasenlargedbytheadditionofdialogueanddramaticaction.Eventuallytheperformancewasmovedtothechurchyardandthemarketplace.
2.MoralityPlays.
Amoralityplayisaplayenforcingamoraltruthorlessonbymeansofthespeechandactionofcharacterswhicharepersonifiedabstractions–figuresrepresentingvices17andvirtues18,qualitiesofthehumanmind,orabstractconceptionsingeneral.
3.Interlude.
Theinterlude,whichgrewoutofthemorality,wasintended,asitsnameimplies,tobeusedmoreasafillerthanasthemainpartofanentertainment.Asitsbestitwasshort,witty19,simpleinplot,suitedforthediversionofguestsatabanquet,orfortherelaxation20oftheaudiencebetweenthedivisionsofaseriousplay.Itwasessentially21anindoorsperformance,andgenerallyofanaristocraticnature.
Chapter3EnglishLiteratureintheRenaissance1I.AHistoricalBackground
II.TheOverview2oftheLiterature1485-1660
Printingpress—readership—growthofmiddleclass—trade-educationforlaypeople-centralizationofpower-intellectuallife-exploration-newimpetus3anddirectionofliterature.
Humanism-studyoftheliteratureofclassicalantiquity4andreformededucation.
Literarystyle-modeledontheancients.
Theeffectofhumanism-thedissemination5ofthecultivated,clear,andsensibleattitudeofitsclassicallyeducatedadherents6.
1.poetry
ThefirsttendencybySidneyandSpenser:
ornate,florid,highlyfiguredstyle.
ThesecondtendencybyDonne:
metaphysicalstyle—complexityandingenuity7.
ThethirdtendencybyJohnson:
reaction——Classicallypureandrestrainedstyle.
ThefourthtendencybyMilton:
centralChristian8andBiblicaltradition.
2.Drama
a.thenativetraditionandclassicalexamples.
b.thedramastandshighestinpopularestimation:
Marlowe–Shakespeare–Jonson.
3.Prose
a.translationofBible;
b.More;
c.Bacon.
II.Englishpoetry.
1.SirThomasWyattandHenryHowardcourtlymakers9
1Wyatt:
introducingsonnets11.
2Howard:
introducingsonnetsandwritingthefirstblankverse.
2.SirPhilipSidney—poet,critic,prosewriter
1Life:
a.Englishgentleman;
b.brilliantandfascinatingpersonality;
c.courtier.
2works
a.Arcadia:
pastoralromance;
b.AstrophelandStella108:
sonnet10sequencetoPenelopeDvereux—platonicdevotion.
Petrarchanconceits12andoriginalfeelings-movingtocreativeness—buildingofanarrative13story;theme-loveoriginality-actofwriting.
c.Defense14ofPoesy:
anapologyforimaginativeliterature—beginningofliterarycriticism.
3.EdmundSpenser
1life:
Cambridge-Sidney'sfriend-“Areopagus”–Ireland-WestminsterAbbey.
2works
a.TheShepherdsCalendar:
thebuddingofEnglishpoetryinRenaissance.
b.AmorettiandEpithalamion:
sonnetsequence
c.FaerieQueene:
lThegeneralend——Aromanticandallegoricalepic—stepstovirtue15.
l12booksand12virtues16:
Holiness,temperance,justiceandcourtesy.
lTwo-levelfunction:
partofthestoryandpartofallegorysymbolic17meaning
lManyallusions18toclassicalwriters.
lThemes:
puritanism,nationalism,humanismandRenaissanceNeoclassicism—aChristianhumanist.
3SpenserianStanza19.
III.EnglishProse
1.ThomasMore
1Life:
“Renaissanceman”,scholar,statesman,theorist,prosewriter,diplomat20,patronofarts
a.learnedGreekatCanterburyCollege,Oxford21;
b.studieslawatLincolnInn;
c.LordChancellor22;
d.beheaded.
2Utopia:
thefirstEnglishsciencefiction.
WritteninLatin,twoparts,thesecond—placeofnowhere.
Aphilosophical23mariner24RaphaelHythlodaytellshisvoyagesinwhichhediscoversaland-Utopia.
a.Thepartoneisorganizedasdialoguewithmarinerdepicting25hisphilosophy.
b.Theparttwoisadescriptionoftheislandkingdomwheregoldandsilverarewornbycriminal,religiousfreedomistotalandnooneownsanything.
c.thenatureofthebook:
attackingthechiefpoliticalandsocialevilsofhistime.
d.thebookandtheRepublic:
anattempttodescribetheRepublicinanewway,butitpossessesanmoderncharacterandtheresemblanceisinexternals.
e.itplayedakeyroleintheHumanistawakening26ofthe16thcenturywhichmovedawayfromtheMedievalotherworldlinesstowardsRenaissancesecularism27.
f.theUtopia
3thesignificance.
a.itwasthefirstchampionofnationalideasandnationallanguages;itcreatedanationalprose,equallyadaptedtohandlingscientificandartistic28material.
b.aelegantLatinscholarandthefatherofEnglishprose:
hecomposedworksinEnglish,translatedfromLatinintoEnglishbiography,wroteHistoryofRichardIII.
2.FrancisBacon:
writer,philosopherandstatesman
1life:
Cambridge-humanisminParis–knighted-LordChancellor–bribery29-focusingonphilosophyandliterature.
2philosophicalideas:
advancement30ofscience—andinterpretersofnature—method:
achildbeforenature—factsandobservations:
experimental.
3“Essays”:
57.
a.hewasamasterofnumerousandvaried31styles.
b.hismethodistoweighandbalancematers,indicatingtheidealcourseofactionandthepracticalone,pointingouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeach,butleavingthereadertomakethefinaldecisions.arguments
IV.EnglishDrama
1.Ageneralsurvey.
1Everymanmarksthebeginningofmoderndrama.
2twoinfluences.
a.theclassics:
classicalinformandEnglishincontent;
b.nativeorpopulardrama.
3theUniversityWits.
2.ChristopherMarlowe:
greatestplaywright32beforeShakespeareandmostgiftedoftheWits.
1Life:
firstinterestedinclassicalpoetry—thenindrama.
2Majorworks
a.Tamburlaine;
b.TheJewofMalta;
c.TheTragical33HistoryofDoctorFaustus.
3Thesignificanceofhisplays.
V.WilliamShakespeare
1.Life
11564,Stratford-on-Avon;
2GrammarSchool;
3QueenvisittoCastle;
4marriagetoAnneHathaway;
5London,theGlobeTheatre:
smallpartandproprietor34;
6the1stFolio,Quarto;
7Retired35,son—Hamnet;H.1616.
2.Dramaticcareer
3.Majorplays-men-centered.
1RomeoandJuliet——tragicloveandfate
2TheMerchantofVenice.
Goodoverevil.
Anti-Semitism.
3
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