外文翻译水利工程毕业设计外文翻译.docx

外文翻译水利工程毕业设计外文翻译.docx

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外文翻译水利工程毕业设计外文翻译

三峡水利枢纽工程

一、坝址及基本枢纽布置

三峡工程大坝坝址选定在宜昌市三斗坪，在已建成的葛洲坝水利枢纽上游约40km处。

坝址区河谷开阔，两岸岸坡较平缓，江中原有一小岛（中堡岛），具备良好的分期施工导流条件。

枢纽建筑物基础为坚硬完整的花岗岩体。

修建了宜昌至工地长约28km的专用高速公路及坝下游4公里处的跨江大桥——西陵长江大桥。

还修建了一批坝区码头。

坝区具备良好的交通条件。

TheThreeGorgesProjects

First.Thedamsiteandbasicpivotdisposal

TheThreeGorgesProjectsisselecttobefixedonSanDouPinginYichang,locatedinabout40kilometersoftheupperreachesofkeywatercontrolprojectofGeZhouBawhichwasbuilt.Rivervalley,districtofdamsite,iswiden,slope,thetwosidesofthebankisrelativelygentlely.Inthecentralplainshaveoneisland（island,fortofChina,）,possessthegoodphasedconstructionwaterconservancydiversioncondition.Thefoundationofpivotbuildingisthehardandintactbodyofgranite.HavebuiltYichangandgonetostridebridgethatplaceof4kilometersintheabout28-km-longspecial-purposeexpresswayofbuildingsiteanddamlowreaches--WestYangtzeBridgeofimperialtomb.Havealsobuiltthequayofdistrictofabatchofdams.Thedamdistrictpossessesthegoodtrafficcondition.

Two.Importantwaterconservancyprojectbuildings

1.dam

Thedamisaconcretegravitydam,whichis2309meterslong,it’sheightis185meters,thedamis181metershighthemost.Releasefloodwaterdamsectionlieriverbed,483ofthetotallength,consistof22formholeand23releasefloodwaterinthedeephole,amongthemdeepholeisimported90meters,themouthsizeofholeis7*9meters;Formholemouthis8meterwide,overflowweiris158meters,formholeanddeepholeadoptnosebankchoose,flowwaygoonandcandisappear.Damsectionliesinandreleasesfloodwateronasectionofbothsidesofthedaminthehydropowerstation,therearehydropowerstationsthatenterwatermouth.Enterwatermouthbaseplateheight108meters.Pressureinputwaterpipelineforcarrypersonwhoinchargeof,interiordiameter12.40,adoptthearmoredconcretetoreceivethestrengthstructure.Makeandletoutflowof102500cubicmeterspersecondthemostlargelyinthedamsitewhilecheckingtheflood.

2.powerstations

Thepowerstationsadoptthetypeafterthedamtoassignthescheme,consistoftwogroupsoffactorybuildingsonleft,rightandundergroundfactorybuildingaltogether.Install32setsofhydroelectricgeneratingsettogether,14factorybuildingsofleftbankamongthem,12factorybuildingsofrightbank,6undergroundfactorybuildings.Thehydraulicturbine,inordertomixtheflowingtype,thespecifiedcapacityoftheunitoftheunitis700,000kilowatts.

3.openuptonavigationbuilding

Theopenuptonavigationbuildingsincludepermanentlockandshiplift（ofthethetechnologicalpublicrelations,thesteelcablethatplanstobereplacedwithspiralpoletechnologyintheoriginalplanpromotestechnology）,lieintheleftbank.Permanentlockdouble-linefivecontinuouschainoflocks.Singlegradesoffloodgateroomeffectivesizefor280*34*5,canpassthe10,000ton-classfleet.Thepromotingtypeforsingletrackfirstgradeverticallyoftheshipliftisdesigned,itis120*18*3.5meterstobeartheeffectivesizeofdesignofrailwaycarriageorcompartmentofship,canpassacombinationvesselof3000tonsonce.Totalweightis11800tonstobearthedesignofrailwaycarriageorcompartmentofshipwhenoperating,itis6000newtonstoalwayspromotestrength.

Three.Themajorprojectamountandarrangesintimelimit

Thesubjectbuildingoftheprojectandmajorprojectamountofthewaterconservancydiversionprojectare:

Excavate102,830,000cubicmetersincubicmetreofearthandstone,filloutandbuild31,980,000cubicmetersincubicmetreofearthandstone,concretebuilds27,940,000cubicmeters,463,000tonsofreinforcingbars,makeandfit32withhydroelectricgeneratingset.Allprojectconstructiontasksweredividedintothreestagesandfinished,alltimelimitwas17years.Thefirststage（1993-1997year）ispreparationofconstructionandthefirststageoftheproject,ittakes5yearstoconstruct,regardrealizingdamminginthegreatriverasthesign.Thesecondstage（1998-2003year）isthesecondstage,ittakes6yearstoconstruct,lockasinitialconservationstorageofthereservoir,thefirstbatchofaircrewsgenerateelectricityandisopenuptonavigationwiththepermanentlockas.Thethirdstage（2004-2009year）isthethirdstageoftheproject,ittakes6yearstoconstruct,regardrealizingthesignallaircrewsgenerateelectricityandfinishbuildingwithallofmulti-purposeprojectas.One,twoprojectfinishasscheduledalready,thethirdstageoftheprojectininsidetheplantoconstructtoo,shiplifttacklekeyproblemsofnotgoingonintensely.

Four.EnormousbenefitoftheThreeGorgesProjects

TheThreeGorgesProjectsisthegreatestwatercontrolprojectinChina,alsointheworld,itisthekeyprojectincontrollinganddevelopingtheChangjiangRiver.ThenormalwaterstorageleveloftheThreeGorgesProjectsreservoiris175meters,installedcapacityis39,300millioncubicmeters;Thetotallengthofthereservoirismorethan600kilometers,widthis1.1kilometersonaverage;Theareaofthereservoiris1084sq.km..Ithasenormouscomprehensivebenefitssuchaspreventingflood,generatingelectricity,shipping,etc..

1.preventflood

PrimarygoalofbuildingtheThreeGorgesProjectsistopreventflood.ThekeywatercontrolprojectinSanxiaisthekeyprojectthatthemidstreamanddownstreamoftheChangjiangRiverpreventfloodinthesystem.RegulatedandstoredbythereservoirofSanxia,formthecapacityofreservoirintheupperreachesasrivertypereservoirof39,300millioncubicmeters,canregulatestoragecapacityandreach22,150millioncubicmeters,caninterceptthefloodcameaboveofYichangeffectively,cutdownfloodcrestflowgreatly,makeJingjiangsectionpreventfloodstandardmeet,improvefromatpresentaaboutovertenyearstoonce-in-a-hundred-year.Meetmillenniumfirstspecialgreatfloodthatmeet,cancooperatewithJingjiangflooddiversionpartitionapplicationoffloodstorageproject,thecrushingcalamityofpreventingtheoccurrenceofbothsidesofsectionofJingjiangandburstinginthemaindike,lightenmidstreamanddownstreamlosingandfloodthreattoWuhanofbigflood,andcancreateconditionsforadministrationofDongtingHudistrict.

2.generateselectricity

ThemostdirecteconomicbenefitsoftheThreeGorgesProjectsistogenerateelectricity.EquilibratethecontradictionthatcontemporaryChinadevelopseconomicandseriousenergyshortageatahighspeed,thehydroelectricresourcesthatacleanonecanberegeneratedareundoubtedlyoptimumchoices.ThetotalinstalledcapacityofpowerstationofSanxiais18,200,000kilowatts,annualaveragegenerationis84,680millionkilowatthours.Itwillofferthereliable,cheap,cleanregeneratedenergyforareassuchasEastChina,CentralChinaandSouthChinaofeconomicdevelopment,energydeficiency,etc.Itplayagreatroleineconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalpollutionofreducing.

ElectricpowerresourcethattheThreeGorgesProjectsoffers,ifgivenaworkforceofelectricitygenerationbythermalpower,meanbuilding10morethermalpowerplantsof1,800,000kilowatts,excavatemore50milliontonsofrawcoalseveryyearonaverage.Besidesenvironmentofinfluencingofthewasteresidue,itwillalsodischargealargenumberofcarbondioxidewhichformtheglobalgreenhouseeffectseveryyear,causethesulfurdioxideofacidrain,poisonousgascarbonmonoxideandnitrogenoxide.Atthesametime,itwillalsoproducealargeamountoffloatingdust,dustfall,etc…ThermalpowerplantandabandondregfieldextensiveoccupationoflandseizemorelandfromEastChina,CentralChinaareathathavealargepopulationandafewlandjustoriginallythis.ThisnotonlymakesChinabearthepressurethatgreaterenvironmentbringsinthefuture,causeunfavorableinfluenceontheglobalenvironmenttoo.

3.shipping

SanxiareservoirimproveYichanggotoChongqingchanneloftheChangjiangRiverof660kilometersnotably,the10,000ton-classfleetcangototheharbourofChongqingdirectly.Thechannelcanriseto50milliontonsfromabout10milliontonsatpresentthroughabilityinone-wayyear,transportingthecostcanbereducedby35-37%.Unlessuntilreservoirregulate,Yichanglowwaterflowsminimumseasonsdownstream,whosenameiscansinceatpresent3000cubicmeters/secondimproveuntil5000cubicmetersperabovesecond,theshippingconditiongetgreaterimprovementtootoenabletheChangjiangRiverinlowwaterseasonofmidstreamanddownstream.

Five.ThequestionsinbuildingtheThreeGorgesProjects

1.siltissue

theChangjiangRiverYichangDuanNianamountofsandfailed530milliontons,siltthereservoirofSanxiaup.Thereservoirblockswaterlevelis175metershigh,installedcapacityis39,300millionm3normally,itsdiewaterlevelis145meters,theminimumcapacityofareservoiris17,200millionm3,storagecapacity22,100millionm3,theconservationstorageregulatesthecapacityofreservoir16,500millionm3.Theoperationschemeofthereservoiris:

Limitheightis145metersofwaterlevel,infloodseason,meetfloodadjustbigunder56700m3persecond,andpowerstationsmoothtoletoutthroughdeepholeover3years,canreducethesandofthereservoirtodeposit.Greatfloodcomes,thereservoirisadjustedbigly,stillputandletout56700m3persecond;Deposittowardsthereservoiraftertheflood.Thereservoirbeginsconservationstorage,betweenabouttwomonthsandnormalwaterstoragelevel175metershighinSeptember.Thewaterlevelofthestorehouseisdroppedto1